Atlantic ...with the same number of long extensions. On the other side of the Strait, the Atlantic coast runs up quite irregularly to the west, particularly its middle portion...

Atlantic

80 -95.01388,41.4036,0 Aegean ...2.106  Several additional islands are located off the shores of Europe: in the Aegean Sea near Thrace are Thasos, Imbros, Samothrace, Scandile...

Aegean

81 Atlantic ...now turns into Our Strait, which is the terminus both of this work and of the Atlantic coastline. ENDORSEMENT: POMPONIUS MELA'S THREE BOOKS ON CHOROGRAPHY HAVE BEEN...

Atlantic

80 Our Strait ...River, and the place we started from, Point Ampelusia, which now turns into Our Strait, which is the terminus both of this work and of...

Our Strait

78 Pontus ...1.15  Europe For terminal points Europe has the Tanais, the Maeotis, and the Pontus in the east; in the west the Atlantic; to the north the Britannic Ocean. Its...

Pontus

79 Cimmerian Bosphorus. ...to the sea and moderately wide, runs between the Pontus and the Swamp to the Cimmerian Bosphorus. The Coracanda, which drains in two riverbeds to the lake and to the sea, makes...

Cimmerian Bosphorus.

79 Pontus Euxinus ...it compresses itself again, the Thracian Bosphorus; where it widens again, the Pontus Euxinus. Where it comes into contact with the swamp, it is called the Cimmerian...

Pontus Euxinus

81 34.7425505,43.0786852,0 Bosphorus ...a curve with a huge sweep. After that, it again curves obliquely back to the Bosphorus. After repeatedly curving to the Pontic side, Asia stretches in a crosswise...

Bosphorus

79 29.075278,41.119444,0 Bosphorus ...is the Thracian Bosphorus, as previously indicated. In the very jaws of this Bosphorus is a town, and at its mouth is a temple. The name of the town is Calchedon, its...

Bosphorus

79 29.075278,41.119444,0 Bosphorus ...1.108  Next is that place where the stretch of coastline coming from the Bosphorus terminates, and from there the bend of the opposite shore, becoming more...

Bosphorus

75 29.075278,41.119444,0 Maeotis ...to the shores of Ocean and the earth's periphery. There are a few islands in Maeotis — it seems easiest to begin there — but they are not all under cultivation...

Maeotis

79 35.862586,45.814417000000006,0 Maeotis ...the swamp, it is called the Cimmerian Bosphorus. The swamp itself is called Maeotis. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.8  By this sea and by two famous rivers, the Tanais and...

Maeotis

78 35.862586,45.814417000000006,0 Indian Ocean ...look south and for a long time have been occupying the shore of the Indian Ocean with continuous nations, except insofar as the heat makes it uninhabitable...

Indian Ocean

70 Caspian Gulf ...hold the interior hold the shores all the way to the Persian Gulf. Beyond the Caspian Gulf are the Parthians and Assyrians, beyond the Persian Gulf are the Babylonians...

Caspian Gulf

80 Caspian Gulf ...found beyond the Scyths and the Scythian deserts. On the shores of the Caspian Gulf are found the Comari, Massagetae, Cadusi, Hyrcani, and Hiberi. Beyond...

Caspian Gulf

73 Caspian Gulf ...too, and they possess the littoral of the Scythian Ocean all the way to the Caspian Gulf, except where they are forestalled by the cold. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.12  Next...

Caspian Gulf

78 Aria ...by the cold. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.12  Next to the Indians is Ariane, then Aria and Cedrosis and Persis up to the Persian Gulf. The Persian peoples surround...

Aria

77 61.5,34.5,0 Pamphylia ...the one nearer to Sarpedon. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.78  Pamphylia In Pamphylia are the navigable Melas River, the town of Sida, and a second river...

Pamphylia

69 Ionia ...and the natural philosopher Anaximander; and whenever they talk of Ionia Miletus is also justly renowned for the celebrated talents of its other...

Ionia

69 Cilicia ...there, as far as that bend we described above, is Syria. On that very bend is Cilicia, but, in addition, Lycia and Pamphylia, Caria, Ionia, Aeolis, and the Troad all...

Cilicia

80 35.75,38.25,0 Nigritae ...meadows abound in citron, terebinth, and ivory. Not even the coasts of the Nigritae and the Gaetuli, who are quite nomadic, are infertile. Those coasts are very...

Nigritae

77 -0.5,33.5,0 Volubilis ...cities, albeit the wealthiest among small ones, are considered to be Gilda, Volubilis, and Banasa, all far from Ocean, but nearer to it Sala and Lixos , which is...

Volubilis

78 -5.554401,34.072935,0 Tanais ...the very Maeotis all the way to the Tanais, it becomes the riverbank where the Tanais is located. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.11  We are told that the first humans...

Tanais

81 Hellespont ...back to the curve of the Pontus, and [c] where it lies beside Propontis and Hellespont with its shore. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.16  From there to the Strait, now...

Hellespont

78 Libyan Sea ...but not populous. The sea by which it is surrounded we call to the north the Libyan Sea, to the south the Aethiopian Sea, and to the west the Atlantic. Event Date...

Libyan Sea

79 25.0796448,34.9615264,0 Mulucha River ...Europe, the latter of Africa. The eastern end of the Mauretanian coast is the Mulucha River. Its head (and starting point), however, is the promontory that the Greeks call...

Mulucha River

80 -3.5569907,33.952871200000004,0 Rhenus ...all the way to the Pyrenees from the Varum River on this side and from the Rhenus on the far side. The part located beside Our Sea — it was once Gallia Bracata...

Rhenus

77 12.280278,44.596389,0 Calpe ...opposite shore. The one on this side they call Abila, the one on the far side Calpe; they call them together the Pillars of Hercules. Oral tradition goes on to...

Calpe

80 0.0445,38.6447,0 Aucus ...family, then the cities of Icosium and Ruthisia and, flowing between them, the Aucus, as well as other things, which it is no loss, either of fact or fame, to pass...

Aucus

81 3.25,36.75,0 Caesarea ...it was the royal residence of Juba and because it is referred to now as Caesarea. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.31  On the near side of this city — it is situated more...

Caesarea

74 2.186828,36.607284,0 Bizerte ...the sea, make two large gulfs. They call the one right after Hippo Diarrhytus [Bizerte) the Gulf of Hippo, because the town is located on its shoreline. In the other...

Bizerte

81 9.87391,37.27442,0 Syrtis ...cities vis-a-vis other obscure places, lie one after another from here to Syrtis. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.35  Syrtis is a gulf almost one hundred miles wide where...

Syrtis

76 10.416667,34.0,0 Cyrene ...Port Paraetonium, the cities of Hesperia, Apollonia, and Arsinoe; and also Cyrene itself, from which the region takes its name. The Catabathmos Valley, sloping...

Cyrene

77 21.856169,32.818736,0 Leptis ...River, which descends through the lushest fields; then a second Leptis and a second Syrtis, equal in name and nature to the first, but approximately...

Leptis

66 10.866332,35.678102,0 Chemmis ...things also exist in these lands. In one particular lake floats the island of Chemmis, which supports sacred groves, a wood, and a large temple of Apollo; and it is...

Chemmis

80 30.75462,31.28348,0 Meroe ...After it descends in a single, rushing torrent, the river spreads wide around Meroe, an island covering a broad expanse on the border of Aethiopia; and on one side...

Meroe

80 36.261826,36.2496,0 Bolbitic ...and Pelusium, which borders on Arabia. The mouths of the Nile — the Canopic, Bolbitic, Sebennytic, Pathmetic, Mendesian, Cataptystic, and Pelusiac mouths — cut into...

Bolbitic

79 30.39142,31.44957,0 Tripolis ...towns, each separated from the next by a single stade, now the place is called Tripolis from the number of those towns. Then comes Simyra, a military post...

Tripolis

81 35.817833,34.447,0 Tigris ...stand out: Babylon was built as a city of amazing size, and the Euphrates and Tigris were diverted into once dry regions. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.64  In Palestine...

Tigris

80 44.79467829666667,34.52908255,0 Cydnus ...The Pyramus, the river nearer to Issos, flows beside Mallos; the Cydnus, farther on, goes through Tarsus. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.71  Next is a city once...

Cydnus

67 34.8077584,36.9507186,0 Tarsus ...nearer to Issos, flows beside Mallos; the Cydnus, farther on, goes through Tarsus. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.71  Next is a city once occupied...

Tarsus

77 34.89277,36.91766,0 Xanthos ...makes Patara well known. Farther on are the Xanthus River, the town of Xanthos, Mt. Cragus, and the city that bounds Lycia, Telmesos. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Xanthos

73 26.25,39.75,0 Catarractes ...1.79  After that, there are two other very strong rivers, the Cestros and the Catarractes. The Cestros is easy to navigate, but the latter gets its name because it makes...

Catarractes

80 30.7594285,36.9195863,0 Niphates ...and Caucasus and Propanisus (Paropamisus); after that, the Caspian Gates, the Niphates, the Armenian Gates; and, where now it abuts Our Seas, the Taurus again. Event...

Niphates

80 42.5,38.5,0 Thymnias ...into the sea; then three gulfs, in order, Thymnias, Schoenus, and Bubassius. Thymnias' promontory is Point Aphrodisium; Schoenus surrounds Hyla; Bubassius...

Thymnias

79 28.25,36.75,0 Myndos ...the following places: the coast of Leuca; the cities of Myndos, Caruanda, and Neapolis; the Iasian and Basilic Gulfs. Bargylos is on...

Myndos

58 27.23432,37.05332,0 Branchidian ...it goes around the oracle of Apollo, who in the old days was called Branchidian but nowadays is called Didymaean Apollo. Then comes Miletus, once the leading...

Branchidian

70 27.256115,37.384829,0 Bargylos ...the cities of Myndos, Caruanda, and Neapolis; the Iasian and Basilic Gulfs. Bargylos is on the Iasian Gulf. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.86  After the Basilic...

Bargylos

78 27.589505,37.195835,0 Lebedos ...rulers of Asia, are reported to have dedicated. The Cayster River is there. Lebedos is there, and the shrine of Apollo, which Manto, Teiresias' daughter, founded...

Lebedos

78 26.964722,38.077883,0 Propontis ...had first struck. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.98  Then the sea widens as the Propontis, into which flows the Granicus, the river known for the very first battle...

Propontis

73 28.2499999,40.6666672,0 Olbia ...town for Phrygia, which lies not too far away; the other one, the Gulf of Olbia, bears on its promontory a shrine of Neptune and in its bosom Astacos, a city...

Olbia

76 29.923486,40.76445,0 Phasis ...the gulf, forms the narrowest angle of the Pontus. Here are the Colchians; the Phasis bursts into the sea here; here is the town colonized...

Phasis

81 41.5,39.5,0 Amazonius ...of Themiscurum, and there was an encampment, too, of Amazons, which they call Amazonius for that reason. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.106  The Tibareni, for whom the highest...

Amazonius

80 36.53229,40.83378,0 Tibareni ...which they call Amazonius for that reason. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.106  The Tibareni, for whom the highest good lies in playing and laughing, extend to...

Tibareni

76 37.5,40.5,0 Hypanis ...between the Greek towns of Borysthenis and Olbia. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.7  The Hypanis River borders the territory of the Callipidae. It rises from a vast swamp...

Hypanis

81 31.3343727,47.5349319,0 Potidaea ...peninsula extends into the sea even though it is quite narrow where it begins. Potidaea is located there, but where it is broader, Mende and Scione need...

Potidaea

81 23.3278,40.1937,0 Amphipolis ...and between it and the Strymon are the cities of Philippi, Apollonia, and Amphipolis; between the Strymon and Athos is the Tower of Calarnaea, the port of Capru...

Amphipolis

76 23.840418,40.818876,0 Pallene ...was longer by half than it was in other lands. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.33  Pallene has so much open land that it is the seat and territory of five cities; the...

Pallene

75 23.6437183,39.9832624,0 Phocis ...first comes Thessaly, and after it Magnesia, Phthiotis, Doris, Locris, Phocis, Boeotia, Atthis, and the Megarid; but most famous of all is Atthis. In...

Phocis

73 22.25,38.25,0 Laconice ...but most famous of all is Atthis. In the Peloponnesos are Argolis, Laconice, Messenia, Achaian Elis, and Arcadia; farther on are Aitolia, Acarnania...

Laconice

69 22.46082645177671,37.07624042080912,0 Arcadia ...In the Peloponnesos are Argolis, Laconice, Messenia, Achaian Elis, and Arcadia; farther on are Aitolia, Acarnania, and Epiros, all the way to...

Arcadia

73 22.165323097346306,37.567419268449626,0 Elis ...of all is Atthis. In the Peloponnesos are Argolis, Laconice, Messenia, Achaian Elis, and Arcadia; farther on are Aitolia, Acarnania, and Epiros, all the way to...

Elis

81 21.25,37.75,0 Cyparissos ...the Gulf of Asine; between Akritas and Ichthys, the Gulf of Cyparissos Event Date: -1 LA § 2.51  On the Argolic Gulf are the...

Cyparissos

62 22.442714,36.460433,0 Akritas ...the Laconian Gulf; between Taenaros and Akritas, the Gulf of Asine; between Akritas and Ichthys, the Gulf of Cyparissos Event Date: -1 LA § 2.51  On the Argolic...

Akritas

78 21.8764,36.72016,0 Sauromatae ...way to Maeotis. The Buces River cuts the Maeotis' bend, and the Agathyrsi and Sauromatae surround it. The Hamaxobioe are called that because they use their wagons as...

Sauromatae

80 39.5,45.5,0 Coracanda ...wide, runs between the Pontus and the Swamp to the Cimmerian Bosphorus. The Coracanda, which drains in two riverbeds to the lake and to the sea, makes this region a...

Coracanda

78 36.75,45.25,0 Dionysopolis ...collapsed in an earthquake. Here are the port of Crunos and the cities of Dionysopolis, Odessos, Messembria, and Anchialos, as well as the great Apollonia in the...

Dionysopolis

76 28.163044,43.409932,0 Messembria ...Here are the port of Crunos and the cities of Dionysopolis, Odessos, Messembria, and Anchialos, as well as the great Apollonia in the deepest part of the bay...

Messembria

71 27.730787,42.658743,0 Halmydesos ...the coast continues with its uncurved shores, and it supports the cities of Halmydesos, Philiae, and Phinopolis. That is as far as the Pontus goes. Event Date...

Halmydesos

78 28.091144,41.637244,0 Thessalonice ...this gulf, and at this point so does the Peneus through Thessalian territory. Thessalonice comes before reaching the Axius, and between these two places...

Thessalonice

80 22.949569,40.630282,0 Thermaic ...cuts moderately into the shoreline. However that may be, the huge Thermaic Gulf, with its long sides, extends well into the sea. The Axius River runs...

Thermaic

68 22.783333,40.383333,0 Sepias ...places are Cassandria, Cydna, Aloros, and Itharis. From the Peneus to Point Sepias are Corynthya, Meliboea, and Castanea, all equally famous except...

Sepias

78 23.085265,39.475095,0 Phthiotis ...best known, but in the old days Iolcos was; in Magnesia, Antronia; in Phthiotis, Phthia; [...]; in Locris, Cynos and Calliaros; in Phocis, Delphi...

Phthiotis

72 22.6337672,38.8678937,0 Phthia ...known, but in the old days Iolcos was; in Magnesia, Antronia; in Phthiotis, Phthia; [...]; in Locris, Cynos and Calliaros; in Phocis, Delphi, Mt. Parnassos, and...

Phthia

78 22.6337672,38.8678937,0 Acarnania ...Laconice, Messenia, Achaian Elis, and Arcadia; farther on are Aitolia, Acarnania, and Epiros, all the way to the Adriatic. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.40  Of the...

Acarnania

73 21.317874500000002,38.672287499999996,0 Locris ...old days Iolcos was; in Magnesia, Antronia; in Phthiotis, Phthia; [...]; in Locris, Cynos and Calliaros; in Phocis, Delphi, Mt. Parnassos, and both the shrine and...

Locris

78 22.75,38.75,0 Malea ...Between Scyllaeon and Malea is the so-called Gulf of Argolis; between Malea and Taenaros, the Laconian Gulf; between Taenaros and Akritas...

Malea

72 22.168781,37.327556,0 Butroton ...the royal seat of the Aeacids and of Pyrrhus in particular. Beyond is Butroton, then the Ceraunian Mountains, and after these places a bend toward...

Butroton

72 20.02029,39.74606,0 Actium ...than a mile wide), makes it well known, as do the cities that line its shore — Actium, the Amphilochian Argives, and Ambracia, the royal seat of the Aeacids and...

Actium

81 20.7683,38.9509,0 Oricum ...then the Piraeans, Liburnians, and Istria. The first city is Oricum, the second Dyrrachium, where Epidamnus used to be. (The Romans changed the...

Oricum

63 19.428611,40.318889,0 Pisaurum ...-1 LA § 2.64  The route from the Padus to Ancona crosses Ravenna, Ariminum, Pisaurum, the colony of Fanum, the Metaurus River, and the Aesis River. And in fact, the...

Pisaurum

78 12.91459,43.91099,0 Vesulus ...a considerable expanse. In fact, where it rises from the very roots of Mt. Vesulus, it first gathers itself from small springs and is somewhat scant and meager...

Vesulus

77 7.0900213,44.6674239,0 Aesis ...the colony of Fanum, the Metaurus River, and the Aesis River. And in fact, the terminus sits in the narrow joint — like a bent elbow —...

Aesis

51 13.2253118,43.55905465,0 Sebennytic ...which borders on Arabia. The mouths of the Nile — the Canopic, Bolbitic, Sebennytic, Pathmetic, Mendesian, Cataptystic, and Pelusiac mouths — cut into those very...

Sebennytic

75 31.25,31.0,0 Sarpedon ...and its legend. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.77  Next, there are two promontories: Sarpedon, once the boundary of the kingdom of Sarpedon, and Anemurium, which...

Sarpedon

78 26.061206,40.640181,0 Celenderis ...and Anemurium, which separates Cilicia from Pamphylia. Between them lie Celenderis and Nagidos, colonies of the Samians, but Celenderis is the one nearer...

Celenderis

74 33.32306,36.14408,0 Cestros ...Date: -1 LA § 1.79  After that, there are two other very strong rivers, the Cestros and the Catarractes. The Cestros is easy to navigate, but the latter gets its...

Cestros

78 30.9204027,36.8540002,0 Crya ...wars for pay. There are some forts here; then two promontories, Pedalion and Crya; and after the Calbis River, the town of Caunus, infamous for the ill health of...

Crya

79 28.85707,36.67653,0 Simois ...Descending to this place from Mt Ida, the Scamander makes its outlet and the Simois too, rivers more important because of tradition than because of their physical...

Simois

79 26.25,39.75,0 Gargara ...for a man." Event Date: -1 LA § 1.93  The following stretch of coast reaches Gargara and Assos, colonies of the Aeolians. Then, not far from Troy, a second...

Gargara

79 26.542854,39.535451,0 Assos ...Date: -1 LA § 1.93  The following stretch of coast reaches Gargara and Assos, colonies of the Aeolians. Then, not far from Troy, a second gulf. Achaeon...

Assos

73 26.337061,39.490601,0 Calchedon ...a town, and at its mouth is a temple. The name of the town is Calchedon, its principal founder Archias the Megarian. The divinity of the temple...

Calchedon

64 29.025789,40.983393,0 Carambis ...One promontory they call Criu Metopon, and it is equal and opposite to Point Carambis, which we have said is in Asia. The other one is Point Parthenion. The town...

Carambis

79 33.35,42.016667,0 Borysthenis ...is navigable over the same route, and debouches between the Greek towns of Borysthenis and Olbia. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.7  The Hypanis River borders the territory of...

Borysthenis

77 31.9056,46.69238,0 Hypacaris ...In it is the city of Carcine, flanked by two rivers, the Gerrhos and the Hypacaris, which make their outlet to the sea through a single mouth, although they flow...

Hypacaris

75 33.5,46.5,0 Hebrus ...by Aeneas in exile, is an exceptional place. The Cicones are found around the Hebrus River, and on its far side is Doriscos, where they say Xerxes measured his...

Hebrus

80 26.029778,40.738634,0 Macron ...and once-mighty Cypsela. Farther on is the place the Greeks call Macron Teichos, as well as Lysimachia, sitting at the base of the great...

Macron

67 28.328232,41.277259,0 Serrhion ...his troops by space, because he could not do so by number. After that is Cape Serrhion and Zone, where even the groves, according to the story, followed the...

Serrhion

80 25.73044,40.84487,0 Magnesia ...Date: -1 LA § 2.39  After Macedonia, first comes Thessaly, and after it Magnesia, Phthiotis, Doris, Locris, Phocis, Boeotia, Atthis, and the Megarid; but most...

Magnesia

74 22.75,39.75,0 Doris ...2.39  After Macedonia, first comes Thessaly, and after it Magnesia, Phthiotis, Doris, Locris, Phocis, Boeotia, Atthis, and the Megarid; but most famous of all...

Doris

81 22.25,38.75,0 Locris ...first comes Thessaly, and after it Magnesia, Phthiotis, Doris, Locris, Phocis, Boeotia, Atthis, and the Megarid; but most famous of all is Atthis. In...

Locris

65 Cyllene ...the cities of Psophis, Tegea, and Orchomenos, along with Mt Pholoe, Mt. Cyllene, Mt. Parthenius, and Mt. Maenalus and the Erymanthus and Ladon Rivers...

Cyllene

74 22.3957984,37.9391027,0 Opous ...and on these gulfs the monument to the Laconian war-dead; Thermopylae, Opous, Scarphia, Cnemides, Alope, Anthedon, Larumna, and Aulis, the camp...

Opous

73 22.999964,38.653678,0 Cnemides ...gulfs the monument to the Laconian war-dead; Thermopylae, Opous, Scarphia, Cnemides, Alope, Anthedon, Larumna, and Aulis, the camp of Agamemnon's fleet and the...

Cnemides

77 22.54475,38.73735,0 Alpheus ...in the Gulf of Asine is the Pamisus River; on the Gulf of Cyparissos is the Alpheus River. A city located on the shore gave its name to these gulfs — Cyparissos to...

Alpheus

78 21.451667,37.6125,0 Asine ...located on the shore gave its name to these gulfs — Cyparissos to the latter, Asine to the former. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.52  The Messenians and Pylians till the...

Asine

80 22.75,36.75,0 Sikyon ...starts to face north. On these shores are Aegion, Aegira, Olyros, and Sikyon, but on the opposite shores...

Sikyon

72 22.72462,37.9823,0 Cyparissos ...the Alpheus River. A city located on the shore gave its name to these gulfs — Cyparissos to the latter, Asine to the former. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Cyparissos

80 22.442714,36.460433,0 Creusis ...are Aegion, Aegira, Olyros, and Sikyon, but on the opposite shores are Pagae, Creusis, Anticyra, Oianthia, Cirrha, Calydon (somewhat better known by name)...

Creusis

80 23.110281,38.20809,0 Adria ...Cluana, and Cupra and, moreover, the strongholds of Firmum, Adria, and Truentinum (the adjacent river is also its namesake). After that...

Adria

62 12.05576,45.05692,0 Histonium ...mouths of the Matrinus and Aternus Rivers, as well as the cities of Buca and Histonium. The Daunians, however, have the Tifernus River and the towns of...

Histonium

79 14.71011,42.1119,0 Aternus ...its namesake). After that, the Frentani hold the mouths of the Matrinus and Aternus Rivers, as well as the cities of Buca and Histonium. The Daunians, however...

Aternus

78 13.8119427,42.1066875,0 Tifernus ...as well as the cities of Buca and Histonium. The Daunians, however, have the Tifernus River and the towns of Cliternia, Larinum, and Teanum, as well as...

Tifernus

79 14.736509772567251,41.7283004712397,0 Teanum ...however, have the Tifernus River and the towns of Cliternia, Larinum, and Teanum, as well as Mt. Garganus. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.66  A bay by the name of Urias...

Teanum

76 15.23548,41.77125,0 Buca ...the mouths of the Matrinus and Aternus Rivers, as well as the cities of Buca and Histonium. The Daunians, however, have the Tifernus River and the towns of...

Buca

74 14.99713,42.00533,0 Blanda ...land. On this side of Italy are Medma, Hipponium (or Vibo), Temesa, Clampetia, Blanda, Buxentum, Velia, Palinurus (once the name of a Trojan helmsman, now the name...

Blanda

81 15.77901,39.92977,0 Palinurus ...the name of a Trojan helmsman, now the name of a place), the Paestan...

Palinurus

-14 15.276639,40.026103,0 Paestum ...of a Trojan helmsman, now the name of a place), the Paestan Gulf, the town of Paestum, the Silerus River, Picentia, the Petrae (rocks) which the Sirens once...

Paestum

80 15.0050533,40.4191516,0 Myrtili ...one Sacred Promontory and the one beyond it Great Point. On Wedge Field are Myrtili, Balsa , and Ossonoba ; on Sacred Promontory, Laccobriga and Port Hannibal; on...

Myrtili

78 -7.66409,37.63886,0 Ebora ...call the Port of Gades and a woods they call Wild-Olive Grove; then a fort, Ebora, on the coast; and far from the coast the colony of Hasta. On the coast again...

Ebora

78 -6.29011,36.79207,0 Laepa ...way to the province's boundary, and the small towns of Olintigi, Onoba , and Laepa line it. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.6  By contrast, on the other side of the Anas...

Laepa

79 -6.95011,38.10091,0 Sulci ...Of its peoples the most ancient are the Ilienses; of its cities, Caralis and Sulci. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.124  In Gaul, by contrast, the only islands fit to...

Sulci

79 9.657846,39.926633,0 Sogdiani ...Date: -1 LA § 3.42  The rivers Iaxartes go from the regions of the Sogdiani, through Scythia's deserts, into Scythian Bay. The former is large at its...

Sogdiani

69 66.947223,39.656498,0 Hyrcani ...alongside the Bay of Hyrcania are the Albani, the Moschi, and the Hyrcani; and on Scythian Bay are the Amardi, the Pestici, and, at this point near the...

Hyrcani

68 56.3,37.1,0 Araxes ...makes its outlet into the Caspian in two beds. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.40  The Araxes , which cascades down from the side of the Taurus Range, slips a long...

Araxes

79 67.18936939999999,39.556608266666665,0 Ganges ...and begins the side that faces south; the Ganges and the Indus are rivers. The Ganges originates from many sources in the Haemodes Range, and as soon as it has...

Ganges

81 86.51155633333333,25.621435,0 Nysa ...-1 LA § 3.66  Of the cities they inhabit — and there are quite a lot of them — Nysa (Nagarahara] is the most famous and the biggest. Of its...

Nysa

81 Codanus ...them; the seven Haemodae extend opposite Germany in what we have called Codanus Bay; of the islands there, Scandinavia, which the Teutoni still hold, stands...

Codanus

74 7.5,54.5,0 Hipponium ...and the second side of the same land. On this side of Italy are Medma, Hipponium (or Vibo), Temesa, Clampetia, Blanda, Buxentum, Velia, Palinurus (once the name...

Hipponium

73 16.1315,39.03644,0 Thurium ...Point Lacinium, and on it are Tarentus, Metapontum, Heraclea, Croton, and Thurium. Second is the Bay of Scyllaceum, between Point Lacinium and Zephyr Point, and...

Thurium

76 16.7157599,43.6113917,0 Metapontum ...the promontory of the Salentines and Point Lacinium, and on it are Tarentus, Metapontum, Heraclea, Croton, and Thurium. Second is the Bay of Scyllaceum, between...

Metapontum

79 16.824063,40.383868,0 Heraclea ...of the Salentines and Point Lacinium, and on it are Tarentus, Metapontum, Heraclea, Croton, and Thurium. Second is the Bay of Scyllaceum, between...

Heraclea

76 16.67048,40.21973,0 Tarentum ...bays. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.68  The first one is called the Tarentine Gulf of Tarentum, between the promontory of the Salentines and Point Lacinium, and on it...

Tarentum

80 17.228553,40.476034,0 Lupiae ...renowned for Ennius; and at this point in Calabria are Brundisium, Valetium, Lupiae, and Mt. Hydrus, then the Sallentine Fields, the coast of Sallentum, and the...

Lupiae

79 18.16938,40.35167,0 Caralis ...productive. Of its peoples the most ancient are the Ilienses; of its cities, Caralis and Sulci. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.124  In Gaul, by contrast, the only islands...

Caralis

79 9.116991,39.218721,0 Corsica ...Urgo, Ilva, as well as two large islands divided by a strait. Of these two, Corsica is nearer to the Etruscan coast. It is narrow between its lateral extensions...

Corsica

78 9.200077440000001,42.103331615555554,0 Ilva ...2.122  Farther on there are some small islands, Dianium, Carbania, Urgo, Ilva, as well as two large islands divided by a strait. Of these two, Corsica is...

Ilva

75 9.41071,41.23322,0 Urgo ...-1 LA § 2.122  Farther on there are some small islands, Dianium, Carbania, Urgo, Ilva, as well as two large islands divided by a strait. Of these...

Urgo

77 9.9,43.433333,0 Haedui ...The wealthiest cites are Augusta among the Treveri, Augustodunum among the Haedui, and among the Aquitani, Eliumberrum. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.21  The Garunna...

Haedui

77 4.8301975,46.306773,0 Philoteris ...the Bay of Strobilus; then, between Point Maenorenon and Point Coloba, Philoteris and Ptolemais; farther on, Arsinoe and the other Berenice; then a forest that...

Philoteris

73 30.49063,29.39022,0 Ogyris ...gulfs. A number of islands are located in the middle region of this gulf, but Ogyris is more famous than all the others because the funerary monument of...

Ogyris

80 Sipontum ...of access, is surrounded by the continuous Apulian shore. It is above both Sipontum — or, as the Greeks said, Sipiuntum — and the river contiguous with Canusium...

Sipontum

77 15.8897665,41.6084823,0 Canusium ...or, as the Greeks said, Sipiuntum — and the river contiguous with Canusium, the Aufidus as they call it; after that are Barium, Gnatia, and Rudiae...

Canusium

68 16.0651528,41.2203553,0 Cossura ...which Calypso reportedly inhabited; toward Africa, Gaulos, Melita, and Cossura; nearer Italy, Galata and those seven that they call the Isles of Aeolus —...

Cossura

73 11.9435,36.83142,0 Strongyle ...Heraclea, Didyma, Phoenicusa, and the two like Aetna, Hiera and Strongyle, which burn with uninterrupted flame. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.121  But to move...

Strongyle

66 15.21394,38.79272,0 Leucothea ...uninterrupted flame. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.121  But to move on, Pithecusa, Leucothea, Aenaria, Sidonia, Capreae, Prochyta, Pandateria, Sinonia, and Palmaria lie on...

Leucothea

77 Laccobriga ...On Wedge Field are Myrtili, Balsa , and Ossonoba ; on Sacred Promontory, Laccobriga and Port Hannibal; on Great Point, Ebora. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.8  Bays lie...

Laccobriga

75 -8.69249,37.11017,0 Cantabri ...recesses and small promontories, is almost straight until it reaches the Cantabri. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.13  On that shore, first of all, are...

Cantabri

75 -4.5,43.5,0 Celadus ...the Durius to the bend — cultivate the whole coast here, and the rivers Avo, Celadus, Nebis, Minius, and Limia (also known as the Oblivion) flow through their...

Celadus

79 -8.5,41.5,0 Hydaspes ...in fact admits other rivers, the most famous being the Cophes, Acesinus, and Hydaspes. It carries in its broad span a single river born of several streams. As a...

Hydaspes

79 72.5,32.5,0 Carmanii ...where the Chelonophagi linger, are deserts. On the gulf itself are located the Carmanii on the right of those sailing in. They have no regular clothes or fruit, no...

Carmanii

81 57.5,27.5,0 Casius ...This gulf penetrates far inland until it virtually reaches Aegypt and Mt. Casius in Arabia, after becoming at a particular point less and less wide and narrower...

Casius

76 35.96911,35.95206,0 Cappadocia ...is taken by banks, it is swift and roaring and goes west through Armenia and Cappadocia, on its way to Our Seas if the Taurus did not stop it. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Cappadocia

79 35.75,39.25,0 Pontus ...it compresses itself again, the Thracian Bosphorus; where it widens again, the Pontus Euxinus. Where it comes into contact with the swamp, it is called the Cimmerian...

Pontus

81 Pontus ...as well as the great Apollonia in the deepest part of the bay, right where the Pontus finishes its second bend with an angle. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.23  From here the...

Pontus

81 Pontus ...of the Heniochi, Dioscorias was founded by Castor and Pollux, who came to the Pontus with Jason; and Sindos, in the territory of the Sindones, was founded by the...

Pontus

80 Pontus ...From there the Bithynians are found up to the Thracian Bosphorus. Around the Pontus are a number of peoples, with one boundary or another, but all with one name...

Pontus

79 Indian ...three directions: the Eastern Ocean from the east, from the south the Indian, from the north the Scythian Ocean. Asia itself, reaching eastward with a huge...

Indian

72 Maeotis ...in a crosswise line as far as the entrance of the Maeotis, and, hugging the edge of the very Maeotis all the way to the Tanais, it...

Maeotis

52 35.862586,45.814417000000006,0 Maeotis ...broad land, but it is surrounded by an uncurving shore nearer to the sea. Maeotis is enclosed, as it were, by a border except where it has its opening, and at...

Maeotis

76 35.862586,45.814417000000006,0 Maeotis ...Date: -1 LA § 1.15  Europe For terminal points Europe has the Tanais, the Maeotis, and the Pontus in the east; in the west the Atlantic; to the north the...

Maeotis

76 35.862586,45.814417000000006,0 Maeotis ...line as far as the entrance of the Maeotis, and, hugging the edge of the very Maeotis all the way to the Tanais, it becomes the riverbank where the Tanais is...

Maeotis

80 35.862586,45.814417000000006,0 Bosphorus ...-1 LA § 1.114  The Maeotici cultivate the shore that curves from the Cimmerian Bosphorus all the way to the Tanais, as do the Thatae, the Sirachi, the Phicores, and —...

Bosphorus

81 29.075278,41.119444,0 Bosphorus ...Date: -1 LA § 2.24  After that come the Bosphorus and Propontis; on the Bosphorus is Byzantion, and on the Propontis, Selymbria, Perinthos, and Bytinis. The...

Bosphorus

74 29.075278,41.119444,0 Metagonium ...Date: -1 LA § 1.33  Africa Provincia The following region, from Point Metagonium [Cape Bougaroun) to the Altars of the Philaeni, usurps for itself the name of...

Metagonium

72 6.75,37.25,0 Catabathmos ...Africa. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.49  The first division of Asia is Aegypt between Catabathmos and the Arabs. From this shore Aegypt extends far to the interior and runs back...

Catabathmos

81 25.152644,31.552706,0 Garamantes ...by serpents. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.45  There are also herd animals among the Garamantes, and those animals feed with their necks bent at an odd angle since their...

Garamantes

79 13.5,27.5,0 Port Azotus ...where it is heightened by Mt. Casius, Arabia is flat and barren and admits Port Azotus as a trading place for their own wares. On this side Arabia rises to a great...

Port Azotus

77 34.656061,31.756038,0 Pelusiac ...the Canopic, Bolbitic, Sebennytic, Pathmetic, Mendesian, Cataptystic, and Pelusiac mouths — cut into those very shores. Arabia Event Date: -1 LA § 1.61  From...

Pelusiac

76 30.567329633333333,19.211408766666665,0 Babylon ...certainly have many distinctive characteristics. Two in particular stand out: Babylon was built as a city of amazing size, and the Euphrates and Tigris were diverted...

Babylon

80 44.42082,32.53617,0 Antiochia ...the Arabs, then Phoenicia, and then — where it reaches Cilicia — Antiochia, which was powerful long ago and for a long time, but which was most powerful...

Antiochia

67 35.891455,32.281264,0 Sophene ...For example, it is called Coele Syria, Mesopotamia, Judaea, Commagene, and Sophene. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.63  It is Palestine at the point where Syria abuts...

Sophene

77 39.5,38.5,0 Laodicea ...and on its shore are the cities Seleucia, Hypatos, Berytos, Laodicea, and Rhosos, as well as the rivers that go between these cities, the Lycos, the...

Laodicea

62 35.501176,33.897902,0 Seleucia ...to which the name of Antiochia applies, and on its shore are the cities Seleucia, Hypatos, Berytos, Laodicea, and Rhosos, as well as the rivers that go between...

Seleucia

74 30.61754,37.89958,0 Cave of Typhon ...Date: -1 LA § 1.76  Farther on is another cave, which they call the Cave of Typhon, with a narrow mouth and a very tight squeeze, as those who have experienced it...

Cave of Typhon

70 36.4825754,35.2728339,0 Nagidos ...which separates Cilicia from Pamphylia. Between them lie Celenderis and Nagidos, colonies of the Samians, but Celenderis is the one nearer to Sarpedon. Event...

Nagidos

74 32.978081,36.099812,0 Thyssanusa ...are located: a few Rhodian colonies and two harbors, Gelos and the one called Thyssanusa after the city it surrounds. Between those harbors are the town of Larumna and...

Thyssanusa

80 28.095361,36.649738,0 Halicarnassos ...for the ill health of its inhabitants. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.84  From there to Halicarnassos the following places are located: a few Rhodian colonies and two harbors, Gelos...

Halicarnassos

81 27.424112,37.037864,0 Leuca ...itself is Coryna. On the Gulf of Smyrna are the Hermus River and the city of Leuca; beyond is Phocaea, the last city of Ionia. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.90  The next...

Leuca

79 27.2867473,36.9575142,0 Clazomenae ...after a narrow neck of land. On that isthmus, Teos to the south side and Clazomenae to the north are tied together by a common boundary where they press their...

Clazomenae

75 26.78715,38.37322,0 Elaea ...who had dwelt there were driven out. Above it, the Caicus runs down between Elaea and Pitane, the city that bore Arcesilas, a very renowned head of...

Elaea

78 27.041,38.9416,0 Myrlea ...are flying high and fast. On the far side of the Rhyndacus are Dascylos and Myrlea, the city the Colophonians settled. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.100  After that...

Myrlea

78 28.88222,40.37528,0 Dascylos ...even if they are flying high and fast. On the far side of the Rhyndacus are Dascylos and Myrlea, the city the Colophonians settled. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.100  After...

Dascylos

78 28.05065,40.13271,0 Bosphorus ...separates Europe from Asia by five stades. This channel is the Thracian Bosphorus, as previously indicated. In the very jaws of this Bosphorus is a town, and at...

Bosphorus

74 29.075278,41.119444,0 Lycastos ...rivers, they have the Halys and the Thermodon. Beyond the Halys is the city of Lycastos; a plain lies beside the Thermodon. On that plain was the town of Themiscurum...

Lycastos

81 36.5,41.5,0 Thermodon ...birthplace of Diogenes the Cynic. As to rivers, they have the Halys and the Thermodon. Beyond the Halys is the city of Lycastos; a plain lies beside the Thermodon...

Thermodon

78 36.9424975,41.1939559,0 Chalybae ...for whom the highest good lies in playing and laughing, extend to the Chalybae. Farther on, the Mossyni take shelter under wooden towers, completely mark...

Chalybae

72 36.5,41.5,0 Panticapaeon ...Swamp; beside the Cimmerian Bosphorus are the Cimmerian towns of Murmecion, Panticapaeon, Theodosia, and Hermisium, while the Taurici live beside the Euxine Sea. Beyond...

Panticapaeon

78 36.46855,45.350981,0 Carcinites ...What lies between the Swamp and the bay is called Taphrae; the bay is called Carcinites, In it is the city of Carcine, flanked by two rivers, the Gerrhos and the...

Carcinites

79 33.5,46.5,0 Theodosia ...the Cimmerian Bosphorus are the Cimmerian towns of Murmecion, Panticapaeon, Theodosia, and Hermisium, while the Taurici live beside the Euxine Sea. Beyond them, a...

Theodosia

78 35.371612,45.037564,0 Murmecion ...toward the Swamp; beside the Cimmerian Bosphorus are the Cimmerian towns of Murmecion, Panticapaeon, Theodosia, and Hermisium, while the Taurici live beside...

Murmecion

78 36.519027,45.352326,0 Byzantion ...-1 LA § 2.24  After that come the Bosphorus and Propontis; on the Bosphorus is Byzantion, and on the Propontis, Selymbria, Perinthos, and Bytinis. The rivers that flow...

Byzantion

81 28.975926,41.012379,0 Odessos ...in an earthquake. Here are the port of Crunos and the cities of Dionysopolis, Odessos, Messembria, and Anchialos, as well as the great Apollonia in the deepest part...

Odessos

80 Bizone ...angle opposite to the one by the Phasis River and like it but fuller. Here was Bizone, which collapsed in an earthquake. Here are the port of Crunos and the cities...

Bizone

81 28.337429,43.433356,0 Selymbria ...on the Bosphorus is Byzantion, and on the Propontis, Selymbria, Perinthos, and Bytinis. The rivers that flow among these places are...

Selymbria

55 28.24644,41.07393,0 Pallene ...port of Capru Limen, and the cities of Acanthus and Echinia; between Athos and Pallene are the cities of Kleonai and Olynthos. The Strymon, as we have said, is a...

Pallene

81 23.6437183,39.9832624,0 Kleonai ...cities of Acanthus and Echinia; between Athos and Pallene are the cities of Kleonai and Olynthos. The Strymon, as we have said, is a river. It begins far away...

Kleonai

78 24.233651,40.214176,0 Acanthus ...the Tower of Calarnaea, the port of Capru Limen, and the cities of Acanthus and Echinia; between Athos and Pallene are the cities of Kleonai and Olynthos...

Acanthus

69 23.88504,40.39427,0 Acrothoon ...of Pelasgians occupy the foot of the mountain. On its summit was the town of Acrothoon, where, as they tell it, the life of the inhabitants was longer by half than it...

Acrothoon

79 24.34933,40.183833,0 Athos ...the port of Capru Limen, and the cities of Acanthus and Echinia; between Athos and Pallene are the cities of Kleonai and Olynthos. The Strymon, as we have...

Athos

75 24.295147727272727,40.24683418181819,0 Libethra ...the defile of Mt. Oita. Here is Tempe, well known for its sacred grove, and Libethra, the fountain of songs. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.37  At that point Greece now...

Libethra

78 Pelion ...produce almost nothing that is not well known. Not far from here is Olympus; Pelion is here; so is Ossa — all mountains remembered for the fabled War of...

Pelion

79 23.04788,39.40758,0 Cassandria ...before reaching the Axius, and between these two places are Cassandria, Cydna, Aloros, and Itharis. From the Peneus to Point Sepias are...

Cassandria

62 23.3278,40.1937,0 Ossa ...that is not well known. Not far from here is Olympus; Pelion is here; so is Ossa — all mountains remembered for the fabled War of the Giants. Here is Pieria...

Ossa

78 22.6851958,39.7957751,0 Cynos ...in Magnesia, Antronia; in Phthiotis, Phthia; [...]; in Locris, Cynos and Calliaros; in Phocis, Delphi, Mt. Parnassos, and both the shrine and the...

Cynos

65 23.0622,38.7234,0 Argolid ...in the Megarid, Megara, from which the region takes its name; likewise, in the Argolid, Argos, along with Mycenae and the temple of Juno, which is very famous for its...

Argolid

81 22.92059272180843,37.6566371145232,0 Anthedon ...to the Laconian war-dead; Thermopylae, Opous, Scarphia, Cnemides, Alope, Anthedon, Larumna, and Aulis, the camp of Agamemnon's fleet and the Greeks who swore...

Anthedon

75 23.448834,38.498583,0 Sperchios ...to the Gulf of Pagasa. That gulf, embracing the city of Pagasae, takes in the Sperchios River and is remembered because the Minyans launched the Argo from there when...

Sperchios

80 22.25,38.75,0 Thermopylae ...and on these gulfs the monument to the Laconian war-dead; Thermopylae, Opous, Scarphia, Cnemides, Alope, Anthedon, Larumna, and Aulis, the camp...

Thermopylae

60 22.538294,38.796511,0 Tergeste ...the Liburnians, while the Ister runs through the territory of the Istrians. Tergeste, located in the deepest part of the Adriatic Gulf, is the boundary...

Tergeste

78 13.772521,45.647165,0 Illyrii ...what follows. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.56  After that come the Illyrii proper, then the Piraeans, Liburnians, and Istria. The first city is Oricum...

Illyrii

62 19.5,41.5,0 Calydon ...but on the opposite shores are Pagae, Creusis, Anticyra, Oianthia, Cirrha, Calydon (somewhat better known by name), and Evenos beyond Rhion. In Acarnania, which...

Calydon

77 21.533106,38.372423,0 Pola ...2.57  Farther on are Apollonia, Salona, Iader, Narona, Tragurium, the Gulf of Pola, and Pola, which was once inhabited, as they tell it, by Colchians. How much...

Pola

80 13.84553,44.87025,0 Metaurus ...the colony of Fanum, the Metaurus River, and the Aesis River. And in fact, the terminus sits in the narrow joint...

Metaurus

27 12.6583754,43.688683,0 Natiso ...heads but debouches through a single mouth. Then, not far from the sea, the Natiso River runs beside rich Aquileia. Farther on is Altinum. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Natiso

78 13.364722,45.945278,0 Potentia ...travelers beyond this point. On these shores are the cities of Numana, Potentia, Cluana, and Cupra and, moreover, the strongholds of Firmum, Adria...

Potentia

73 13.6710295,43.4146346,0 Cupra ...this point. On these shores are the cities of Numana, Potentia, Cluana, and Cupra and, moreover, the strongholds of Firmum, Adria, and Truentinum (the adjacent...

Cupra

78 13.12251,43.45066,0 Numana ...travelers beyond this point. On these shores are the cities of Numana, Potentia, Cluana, and Cupra and, moreover, the strongholds of Firmum, Adria...

Numana

65 13.62205,43.51382,0 Matrinus ...river is also its namesake). After that, the Frentani hold the mouths of the Matrinus and Aternus Rivers, as well as the cities of Buca and Histonium. The Daunians...

Matrinus

79 13.75,42.75,0 Caria ...is Syria. On that very bend is Cilicia, but, in addition, Lycia and Pamphylia, Caria, Ionia, Aeolis, and the Troad all the way up to the Hellespont. From there...

Caria

81 27.423638999999998,37.038339,0 Dardania ...the gulf is the Rhoetean coast, with the renowned cities of Rhoeteum and Dardania, but the coast is particularly important for the tomb of Ajax. From here the...

Dardania

75 20.5,42.5,0 Caria ...beside the Ister; next Callatis, colonized by the Milesians; then Tomoe, Caria Port, and Cape Tiristis. The second angle of the Pontus receives those who go...

Caria

75 27.423638999999998,37.038339,0 Coele ...designated by different names in different places. For example, it is called Coele Syria, Mesopotamia, Judaea, Commagene, and Sophene. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Coele

79 36.75,33.75,0 Aethiopians ...Colis, except where it is too hot to be inhabited, are found black peoples, Aethiopians so to speak. From Point Colis to the Indus the shores are straight, and peoples...

Aethiopians

78 38.721522,14.125005,0 Aethiopians ...ambit. Because they have a lifetime longer than ours by almost half, certain Aethiopians are called Macrobii. Others are called Automoles, because they came here...

Aethiopians

79 38.721522,14.125005,0 Caspian Gulf ...In the former place the Caspiani, next to the Scyths, surround the Caspian Gulf. Beyond them, the Amazons are said to be found, and beyond them...

Caspian Gulf

69 Arabia ...possess the lands adjacent to the banks of the Nile River and Our Sea. Then Arabia, with its narrow coastline, is contiguous with the shores that follow. From...

Arabia

78 45.5,29.5,0 Aeolis ...very bend is Cilicia, but, in addition, Lycia and Pamphylia, Caria, Ionia, Aeolis, and the Troad all the way up to the Hellespont. From there the Bithynians are...

Aeolis

77 26.950801749999997,38.846442875,0 Ionia ...On that very bend is Cilicia, but, in addition, Lycia and Pamphylia, Caria, Ionia, Aeolis, and the Troad all the way up to the Hellespont. From there...

Ionia

78 Hellespont ...and the Troad all the way up to the Hellespont. From there the Bithynians are found up to the Thracian Bosphorus. Around...

Hellespont

38 Tanais ...Date: -1 LA § 1.15  Europe For terminal points Europe has the Tanais, the Maeotis, and the Pontus in the east; in the west the Atlantic; to the...

Tanais

64 Nigritae ...the Moors are exposed to the Atlantic Ocean. Beyond these coastal peoples, the Nigritae and the Pharusii are found all the way to the Aethiopians...

Nigritae

81 -0.5,33.5,0 Mauretania ...and the outside of the known world and returns to that place whence it began. Mauretania Event Date: -1 LA § 1.25  It has been stated earlier that the Atlantic is the...

Mauretania

80 -2.5,32.5,0 Gorgades Islands ...by attacking and biting. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.99  Off their coast are the Gorgades Islands, once the home, they say, of the Gorgons. They are bounded by the projection of...

Gorgades Islands

77 Rhenus ...-1 LA § 3.25  GERMANY Germany extends on the near side from the banks of the Rhenus as far as the Alps; on the south from the very Alps; on the east from the...

Rhenus

79 12.280278,44.596389,0 Sarmatae ...them is sometimes covered by waves and other times bare, what faces the Sarmatae sometimes seems to be islands and at other times seems to be one continuous...

Sarmatae

74 28.5,46.5,0 Hippo Regius ...of the Philaeni, usurps for itself the name of Africa. In it are the towns of Hippo Regius, Rusiccade. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.34  Then three promontories — White Point...

Hippo Regius

80 7.747415,36.881305,0 Cap Blanc ...Date: -1 LA § 1.34  Then three promontories — White Point [Cap Blanc), Point Apollo [Ras Si Ali Mekki), and Point Mercurius) — projecting an...

Cap Blanc

61 9.8368897,37.3381365,0 Syene ...ones. The most famous of those cities far from the sea are Safe, Memphis, Syene, Bubastis, Elephantine, and, in particular, Thebes, which, as stated by Homer...

Syene

76 32.89066,24.08292,0 Simyra ...now the place is called Tripolis from the number of those towns. Then comes Simyra, a military post, and Marathos, a not obscure city. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Simyra

78 35.98614,34.70849,0 Melas ...Date: -1 LA § 1.78  Pamphylia In Pamphylia are the navigable Melas River, the town of Sida, and a second river, the Eurymedon. Beside the latter...

Melas

63 36.25,36.25,0 Sida ...the Chimaera's fiery breath, terminates the tremendous gulf with the harbor of Sida and a spur of the Taurus range. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.81  The Taurus range...

Sida

81 31.38889,36.76667,0 Xanthus ...and in oracular credibility, makes Patara well known. Farther on are the Xanthus River, the town of Xanthos, Mt. Cragus, and the city that...

Xanthus

75 29.31836,36.355934,0 Larumna ...the city it surrounds. Between those harbors are the town of Larumna and the Hill of Pandion, which extends into the sea; then three gulfs, in...

Larumna

63 28.007502,36.608453,0 Euthana ...and between it and the Ceramicus Gulf, located in a secluded place, is Euthana. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.85  Halicarnassos is an Argive colony, and there is a...

Euthana

73 28.255,36.932,0 Aphrodisium ...in order, Thymnias, Schoenus, and Bubassius. Thymnias' promontory is Point Aphrodisium; Schoenus surrounds Hyla; Bubassius surrounds Cyrnos. Then comes Cnidus on the...

Aphrodisium

77 29.125,41.125,0 Miletus ...was called Branchidian but nowadays is called Didymaean Apollo. Then comes Miletus, once the leading city of all Ionia because of its skill in war and in peace...

Miletus

77 27.25,37.75,0 Iasian ...places: the coast of Leuca; the cities of Myndos, Caruanda, and Neapolis; the Iasian and Basilic Gulfs. Bargylos is on the Iasian Gulf. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Iasian

80 27.5,37.5,0 Cayster ...which the Amazons, rulers of Asia, are reported to have dedicated. The Cayster River is there. Lebedos is there, and the shrine of Apollo...

Cayster

73 27.4412386,38.0304732,0 Achaeon Limen ...colonies of the Aeolians. Then, not far from Troy, a second gulf. Achaeon Limen, curves its shores, which are very renowned because of the city, the war, and...

Achaeon Limen

68 27.039491,38.858153,0 Sesamos ...is Point Carambis. On its nearer side is the Parthenius River; the cities of Sesamos, Cromnos, and Cytorus (founded by Cytisorus, the son of Phrixus); then Cinolis...

Sesamos

79 32.385648,41.746969,0 Phicores ...Bosphorus all the way to the Tanais, as do the Thatae, the Sirachi, the Phicores, and — next to the mouth of the river — the Ixamatae. Among them, women...

Phicores

74 Taurus ...the Caspian Sea. They are called the Ceraunians but are elsewhere called the Taurus Mountains, the Moschic, the Amazonian, the Caspian, the Coraxic, the Caucasus —...

Taurus

79 38.2083333333,39.2708333333,0 Trapezus ...disposition. Cities are rare; particularly renowned, though, are Cerasunta and Trapezus. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.108  Next is that place where the stretch of coastline...

Trapezus

81 39.728451,41.005877,0 Thatae ...that curves from the Cimmerian Bosphorus all the way to the Tanais, as do the Thatae, the Sirachi, the Phicores, and — next to the mouth of the river — the...

Thatae

80 38.5,46.5,0 Orbelos ...The interior throws up mountains — Mt. Haemos, Mt. Rhodope, and Mt. Orbelos, all very well known for the sacred rituals of Father Liber and for the...

Orbelos

70 23.6206555,41.3770418,0 Chersonesus ...They call the narrow part Isthmos, its forward part Mastusia, and the whole Chersonesus, which is famous for many reasons. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.26  On it is the Aegos...

Chersonesus

78 26.5,40.33333,0 Sestos ...is the Aegos river, remarkable because of the destruction of the Attic fleet. Sestos is there too, opposite Abydos, and is very well known for the love of Leander...

Sestos

80 26.38916,40.21343,0 Coelus ...of Protesilaus have been consecrated there with a shrine. Here too is Port Coelus, remarkable for the destruction of the Laconian fleet when...

Coelus

77 27.98852,36.5918,0 Sounion ...distance, and in a great, gentle ambit from here to what is called Cape Sounion it goes around land that is swept back from its path. Those who sail this...

Sounion

74 25.28064,37.15168,0 Philippi ...on, the Nestos River flows, and between it and the Strymon are the cities of Philippi, Apollonia, and Amphipolis; between the Strymon and Athos is the Tower of...

Philippi

79 24.28409,41.01316,0 Zone ...space, because he could not do so by number. After that is Cape Serrhion and Zone, where even the groves, according to the story, followed the singing Orpheus...

Zone

79 25.745773,40.8555,0 Scione ...where it begins. Potidaea is located there, but where it is broader, Mende and Scione need mention. Mende was founded by the Eretrians, Scione by the Achaeans as...

Scione

81 23.574785,39.939063,0 Deris ...too, the conqueror of Asia. On the coast, Megyberna Bay, between Points Deris and Canastraion, goes around both the port of Cophos and the cities...

Deris

74 26.808976,40.657809,0 Canastraion ...the conqueror of Asia. On the coast, Megyberna Bay, between Points Deris and Canastraion, goes around both the port of Cophos and the cities of Torone and Myscella, as...

Canastraion

79 23.74505,39.93437,0 Boeotia ...first comes Thessaly, and after it Magnesia, Phthiotis, Doris, Locris, Phocis, Boeotia, Atthis, and the Megarid; but most famous of all is Atthis. In...

Boeotia

81 23.184677533333332,38.34668803333333,0 Antronia ...best known, but in the old days Iolcos was; in Magnesia, Antronia; in Phthiotis, Phthia; [...]; in Locris, Cynos and Calliaros...

Antronia

59 22.959867,38.960568,0 Aitolia ...Laconice, Messenia, Achaian Elis, and Arcadia; farther on are Aitolia, Acarnania, and Epiros, all the way to the Adriatic. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Aitolia

64 Maenalus ...and Orchomenos, along with Mt Pholoe, Mt. Cyllene, Mt. Parthenius, and Mt. Maenalus and the Erymanthus and Ladon Rivers; in Aitolia, the town of Naupactos...

Maenalus

77 22.265891,37.549491,0 Naupactos ...and Mt. Maenalus and the Erymanthus and Ladon Rivers; in Aitolia, the town of Naupactos; in Acarnania, that of Stratos; in Epirus, the temple of Jupiter Dodonaeus and...

Naupactos

80 22.315807,38.41224,0 Erymanthus ...along with Mt Pholoe, Mt. Cyllene, Mt. Parthenius, and Mt. Maenalus and the Erymanthus and Ladon Rivers; in Aitolia, the town of Naupactos; in Acarnania, that...

Erymanthus

78 21.75,37.75,0 Malea ...noted: from the east, Bucephalos, Chersonessus, and Scyllaeon; to the south, Malea, Taenaros, Acritas, and Ichthys; to the west, Chelonates and Araxos...

Malea

79 22.168781,37.327556,0 Bucephalos ...mangle the coast of the Peloponnesos, as we have noted: from the east, Bucephalos, Chersonessus, and Scyllaeon; to the south, Malea, Taenaros, Acritas...

Bucephalos

73 23.127568,37.829307,0 Chelonates ...to the south, Malea, Taenaros, Acritas, and Ichthys; to the west, Chelonates and Araxos. The Epidaurians and Troezenians live between...

Chelonates

68 21.12557,37.93748,0 Akritas ...between Malea and Taenaros, the Laconian Gulf; between Taenaros and Akritas, the Gulf of Asine; between Akritas and Ichthys, the Gulf of Cyparissos Event...

Akritas

70 21.8764,36.72016,0 Saronic ...for their loyalty to an alliance with Athens. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.50  The Saronic Gulf and the Gulfs of Schoenos and Pogon are located there, but on their shores...

Saronic

78 23.46300815833333,37.77606943333334,0 Cyllene ...the land, and Pylos actually lies beside the sea. Cyllene, Callipolis, and Patrae occupy that shore where...

Cyllene

52 22.3957984,37.9391027,0 Larinum ...The Daunians, however, have the Tifernus River and the towns of Cliternia, Larinum, and Teanum, as well as Mt. Garganus. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.66  A bay by the...

Larinum

77 14.919239,41.80713,0 Garganus ...and the towns of Cliternia, Larinum, and Teanum, as well as Mt. Garganus. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.66  A bay by the name of Urias, moderate in size but...

Garganus

66 16.0,41.83333,0 Cliternia ...Histonium. The Daunians, however, have the Tifernus River and the towns of Cliternia, Larinum, and Teanum, as well as Mt. Garganus. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.66  A bay...

Cliternia

77 15.10991,41.90696,0 Calabria ...that are Barium, Gnatia, and Rudiae, renowned for Ennius; and at this point in Calabria are Brundisium, Valetium, Lupiae, and Mt. Hydrus, then the Sallentine Fields...

Calabria

81 17.75,40.75,0 Rhegium ...and Locri. In Bruttium are Columna Rhegia, Rhegium, Scylla, Taurianum, and Metaurum. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.69  From here there is...

Rhegium

45 15.86494,38.39426,0 Bruttium ...and Bruttium, passes around Bruttium, Consentia, Caulonia, and Locri. In Bruttium are Columna Rhegia, Rhegium, Scylla, Taurianum, and Metaurum. Event Date...

Bruttium

75 15.633333,38.016667,0 Callipolis ...then the Sallentine Fields, the coast of Sallentum, and the Greek city Callipolis. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.67  The Adriatic reaches this far; so does one side...

Callipolis

73 Temesa ...side of the same land. On this side of Italy are Medma, Hipponium (or Vibo), Temesa, Clampetia, Blanda, Buxentum, Velia, Palinurus (once the name of...

Temesa

79 16.1315,39.03644,0 Syrrentum ...all places in Lucania; Event Date: -1 LA § 2.70  then the Bay of Puteoli, Syrrentum, Herculaneum, a view of Mt. Vesuvius, Pompeii, Neapolis, Puteoli, the Lucrine...

Syrrentum

76 14.365806,40.624604,0 Medma ...the Tuscan Sea and the second side of the same land. On this side...

Medma

81 15.98817,38.4821,0 Aetna ...of Aeolus — Osteodes, Lipara, Heraclea, Didyma, Phoenicusa, and the two like Aetna, Hiera and Strongyle, which burn with uninterrupted flame. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Aetna

79 14.90091,37.567342,0 Erythia ...has fed its wealth. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.47  In Lusitania are the isle of Erythia, which we are told was the home of Geryon, and other islands without fixed...

Erythia

77 -6.29914,36.53566,0 Prochyta ...2.121  But to move on, Pithecusa, Leucothea, Aenaria, Sidonia, Capreae, Prochyta, Pandateria, Sinonia, and Palmaria lie on the Italic coast on this side of...

Prochyta

74 14.016667,40.758333,0 Massilia ...the Stoechades, which are scattered from the coast of Liguria all the way to Massilia. The Balearic Isles, located in Spain across from the coast of Tarraco, are not...

Massilia

79 5.41523,43.27889,0 Colubraria ...sustain them if they are imported. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.126  Facing Ebusos is Colubraria, which it comes to mind to mention because, although the island is teeming with...

Colubraria

81 0.685142,39.897619,0 Baetis ...which is set on a cliff rather than an island. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.5  The Baetis River, coming from the Tarraconensis region more or less through the middle of...

Baetis

78 -2.910335,37.969207,0 Palma ...are on the Lesser Balearic Isle; on the Greater Balearic are the colonies of Palma and Pollentia. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.125  Near the promontory they call...

Palma

79 2.649993,39.569443,0 Salacia ...Point, Ebora. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.8  Bays lie between the promontories. Salacia is on the first one; on the second are Ulisippo and the mouth of the Tagus, a...

Salacia

76 -8.51171,38.37273,0 Ossonoba ...the one beyond it Great Point. On Wedge Field are Myrtili, Balsa , and Ossonoba ; on Sacred Promontory, Laccobriga and Port Hannibal; on Great...

Ossonoba

73 -7.935113,37.0153597,0 Nebis ...the bend — cultivate the whole coast here, and the rivers Avo, Celadus, Nebis, Minius, and Limia (also known as the Oblivion) flow through their territory...

Nebis

74 -8.8077202,41.6115824,0 Hercynian ...names do exist, but because it covers a distance of sixty days' march, the Hercynian Forest is as much better known as it is bigger than the others. Event Date...

Hercynian

77 8.15,48.3,0 Acronus ...makes — more or less at its source — two lakes, Lake Venetus and Lake Acronus. Then solid for a long time and descending in a defined bank, not far from the...

Acronus

72 8.5,47.5,0 Ausci ...from there to the Rhenus, the Belgae. Of the Aquitani the most famous are the Ausci; of the Celts, the Haedui; of the Belgae, the Treveri. The wealthiest cites...

Ausci

80 0.585694,43.647434,0 Venetus ...down from the Alps, makes — more or less at its source — two lakes, Lake Venetus and Lake Acronus. Then solid for a long time and descending in a defined bank...

Venetus

75 -2.7502136,47.6714454,0 Hyrcani ...directions. Both flow down through the territories of the Hiberi and the Hyrcani for a long time with their beds very far apart. Later, after entering the same...

Hyrcani

75 56.3,37.1,0 Persian ...Date: -1 LA § 3.73  The one nearer to the lands under discussion is called the Persian Gulf; the farther one is the Arabian Gulf. Where the Persian Gulf receives the...

Persian

81 50.9999999,27.0000001,0 Meros ...them — Nysa (Nagarahara] is the most famous and the biggest. Of its mountains, Meros [Mar-Koh] is sacred to Jupiter. Those two places have special renown for the...

Meros

81 71.8406,36.2553,0 Atlantic ...separates the other two regions there, and thus Baetica faces both seas — the Atlantic to the west, Our Sea to the south — while Lusitania is situated only along...

Atlantic

80 -95.01388,41.4036,0 Aegean ...and Macedonia is joined to it. Then Greece protrudes and divides the Aegean from the Ionian Sea. Illyria occupies the coast of the Adriatic. Between...

Aegean

71 Aegean ...the one already mentioned). From here Thrace stretches into part of the Aegean, and Macedonia is joined to it. Then Greece protrudes and divides...

Aegean

74 Zilia ...and Lixos , which is right on the Lixus River. Farther on is the colony of Zilia, and the Zilia River, and the place we started from, Point Ampelusia, which now...

Zilia

77 -5.75,35.75,0 Aenaria ...flame. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.121  But to move on, Pithecusa, Leucothea, Aenaria, Sidonia, Capreae, Prochyta, Pandateria, Sinonia, and Palmaria lie on the...

Aenaria

74 13.9,40.716667,0 Munda ...up, and on it are the Old Turduli and the towns of the Turduli as well as the Munda River, which flows broadly more or less halfway up the coast of the last...

Munda

80 -8.344792,40.213169,0 Laeros ...territory. The bend itself includes the city of Lambriaca and receives the Laeros and Ulla Rivers. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.11  The Praetamarici inhabit the section...

Laeros

77 -8.5,42.5,0 Minius ...the bend — cultivate the whole coast here, and the rivers Avo, Celadus, Nebis, Minius, and Limia (also known as the Oblivion) flow through their territory. The bend...

Minius

81 -8.75447955,41.95665905,0 Balsa ...Promontory and the one beyond it Great Point. On Wedge Field are Myrtili, Balsa , and Ossonoba ; on Sacred Promontory, Laccobriga and Port Hannibal; on Great...

Balsa

76 -7.694166,37.086577,0 Tagus ...on the first one; on the second are Ulisippo and the mouth of the Tagus, a river that generates jewels and gold. From these promontories to the part...

Tagus

68 -7.5403752,39.6640148,0 Chryse ...mouths. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.70  Alongside Point Tamus is the island of Chryse, beside the Ganges the island of Argyre. The first has golden soil — so the old...

Chryse

75 Dahae ...a considerale distance from east to west, bends for the first time beside the Dahae, and, with its course turned to the north, opens its mouth between...

Dahae

80 56.5,38.5,0 Colis ...monstrous savagery of the inhabitants, reaches from Scythian Point to Point Colis. The Androphagoe and the Sacae are Scyths, and they are separated by a region...

Colis

78 77.5,12.5,0 Croton ...Point Lacinium, and on it are Tarentus, Metapontum, Heraclea, Croton, and Thurium. Second is the Bay of Scyllaceum, between...

Croton

64 17.205128,39.028864,0 Onoba ...all the way to the province's boundary, and the small towns of Olintigi, Onoba , and Laepa line it. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.6  By contrast, on the other side of...

Onoba

75 -5.45532,36.43324,0 Gades ...Date: -1 LA § 3.4  In the nearest bay is a harbor they call the Port of Gades and a woods they call Wild-Olive Grove; then a fort, Ebora, on the coast; and...

Gades

74 -6.294444,36.528381,0 Pompeii ...2.70  then the Bay of Puteoli, Syrrentum, Herculaneum, a view of Mt. Vesuvius, Pompeii, Neapolis, Puteoli, the Lucrine Lake and Avernus, Baiae, Misenum (the name of a...

Pompeii

81 14.485429,40.74941,0 Melita ...island of Aeaee, which Calypso reportedly inhabited; toward Africa, Gaulos, Melita, and Cossura; nearer Italy, Galata and those seven that they call the Isles of...

Melita

78 14.44874427,35.87373581,0 Velia ...of Italy are Medma, Hipponium (or Vibo), Temesa, Clampetia, Blanda, Buxentum, Velia, Palinurus (once the name of a Trojan helmsman, now the name of a place), the...

Velia

80 Tabis ...monstrous beasts again render vast tracts unsafe all the way to Mt. Tabis, which overhangs the sea. At a distance from there the Taurus Range rises...

Tabis

70 -1.218657,52.879834,0 Thule ...around their whole body (they are otherwise naked). Event Date: -1 LA § 3.57  Thule is located near the coast of the Belcae, who are celebrated in Greek poetry and...

Thule

80 -1.4088929,60.3962008,0 Sallentum ...Valetium, Lupiae, and Mt. Hydrus, then the Sallentine Fields, the coast of Sallentum, and the Greek city Callipolis. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.67  The Adriatic reaches...

Sallentum

77 18.368275,39.796261,0 Rhenus ...noteworthy than the port they call Gesoriacum. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.24  The Rhenus, cascading down from the Alps, makes — more or less at its source — two lakes...

Rhenus

79 4.080556,51.981667,0 Teutoni ...long brow of land. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.32  On the bay are the Cimbri and the Teutoni; farther on, the farthest people of Germany, the Hermiones. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Teutoni

81 9.5,49.5,0 Lucania ...which the Sirens once inhabited, the promontory of Minerva — all places in Lucania; Event Date: -1 LA § 2.70  then the Bay of Puteoli, Syrrentum, Herculaneum, a...

Lucania

77 17.276944,39.885,0 Rudiae ...with Canusium, the Aufidus as they call it; after that are Barium, Gnatia, and Rudiae, renowned for Ennius; and at this point in Calabria are Brundisium...

Rudiae

81 18.1475424,40.333493,0 Euphrates ...and two famous rivers, the Tigris nearer to Persia and, farther away, the Euphrates. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.77  The Tigris descends as it originated, and it goes...

Euphrates

76 40.93640094444444,34.74942377777777,0 Lusitania ...contrast, on the other side of the Anas, where it faces the Atlantic Ocean, Lusitania at first goes on with a mighty thrust into the sea; then it stops and recedes...

Lusitania

78 -7.5,37.5,0 Thalassa ...GULF, RED SEA, AND ARABIAN GULF The Greeks call the Red Sea the Erythra Thalassa either because it is that color or because Erythras ruled there as king. It is...

Thalassa

74 39.5,19.0,0 Arsinoe ...Point Maenorenon and Point Coloba, Philoteris and Ptolemais; farther on, Arsinoe and the other Berenice; then a forest that produces the ebony tree and...

Arsinoe

75 20.565847,32.537142,0 Lucrine ...a view of Mt. Vesuvius, Pompeii, Neapolis, Puteoli, the Lucrine Lake and Avernus, Baiae, Misenum (the name of a place now, but once the name of...

Lucrine

58 14.139,40.827,0 Artabri ...a people of Celtic ancestry), then the Astyres. In the territory of the Artabri a bay admits the sea through a narrow mouth but encloses it with its...

Artabri

74 -8.5,43.5,0 Gesoriacum ...And it does not have anything more noteworthy than the port they call Gesoriacum. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.24  The Rhenus, cascading down from the Alps, makes —...

Gesoriacum

72 1.615115,50.726252,0 Augusta ...of the Celts, the Haedui; of the Belgae, the Treveri. The wealthiest cites are Augusta among the Treveri, Augustodunum among the Haedui, and among...

Augusta

81 -0.099181,51.512514,0 Atlantic ...Date: -1 LA § 1.25  It has been stated earlier that the Atlantic is the ocean that girds the earth on the west. From here — for those traveling...

Atlantic

58 -95.01388,41.4036,0 Atlantic ...that point begins the oceanfront that faces west and is bathed by the Atlantic Ocean. The Aethiopians take up its first part, but no one takes up the middle...

Atlantic

72 -95.01388,41.4036,0 Aegean ...In the vicinity of the Peloponnesos, but still at this point on the Aegean side, are Pityussa and Aigina; off the coast of Epidaurus, among other obscure...

Aegean

70 Ionian Sea ...joined to it. Then Greece protrudes and divides the Aegean from the Ionian Sea. Illyria occupies the coast of the Adriatic. Between the Adriatic itself and...

Ionian Sea

70 19.674861075555555,39.03244647555555,0 Pontus ...rivers, the Maeotis, the Cimmerian Bosphorus, and certain parts of the Pontus are all frozen by winter's cold. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Pontus

73 Cimmerian Bosphorus. ...Where it comes into contact with the swamp, it is called the Cimmerian Bosphorus. The swamp itself is called Maeotis. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.8  By this sea and by...

Cimmerian Bosphorus.

63 Scythian Ocean ...the Eastern Ocean from the east, from the south the Indian, from the north the Scythian Ocean. Asia itself, reaching eastward with a huge and continuous coastline, empties...

Scythian Ocean

81 34.7425505,43.0786852,0 Bosphorus ...Satarchae occupy the area that goes toward the Swamp; beside the Cimmerian Bosphorus are the Cimmerian towns of Murmecion, Panticapaeon, Theodosia, and Hermisium...

Bosphorus

77 29.075278,41.119444,0 Maeotis ...descending from north to south, flows down almost into the middle of Maeotis, and from the opposite direction the Nile flows down into the sea. Those lands...

Maeotis

71 35.862586,45.814417000000006,0  Tanais  ...Date: -1 LA § 1.8  By this sea and by two famous rivers, the Tanais and the Nile, the whole earth is divided into three parts. The Tanais...

 Tanais 

62 39.33617,47.268438,0 Persian Gulf ...to the Indians is Ariane, then Aria and Cedrosis and Persis up to the Persian Gulf. The Persian peoples surround this gulf; the Arabs surround the other one named...

Persian Gulf

72 Aethiopians ...beyond the Persian Gulf are the Babylonians, and beyond the Aethiopians are the Aegyptians. The Aegyptians likewise possess the lands adjacent to the...

Aethiopians

62 38.721522,14.125005,0 Aethiopians ...heard that sound louder than human ones. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.96  Then the Aethiopians again. These people, the Hesperioe by name, are not at this point the rich ones...

Aethiopians

78 38.721522,14.125005,0 Aethiopians ...named earlier. After these peoples, what remains up to Africa belongs to the Aethiopians. In the former place the Caspiani, next to the Scyths, surround...

Aethiopians

79 38.721522,14.125005,0 Syria ...sunrise is visible from the fourth watch on. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.62  Syria Syria holds a broad expanse of the littoral, as well as lands that extend...

Syria

73 37.5,37.5,0 Syria ...the shores that follow. From there, as far as that bend we described above, is Syria. On that very bend is Cilicia, but, in...

Syria

81 37.5,37.5,0 Ionia ...on the Iasian Gulf. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.86  After the Basilic Gulf, Ionia winds around with several twists and turns. Beginning its first bend from...

Ionia

72 Cilicia ...right after it, Myriandros and the Cilicians. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.70  Cilicia In the gulf's deepest recess, however, is the site of a great historical...

Cilicia

74 35.75,38.25,0 Tanais ...our waters; the rest of it goes by one horn to the Nile, by the other to the Tanais. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.10  Asia's coast descends in banks with the bed of...

Tanais

79 Mauretania ...the west. From here — for those traveling into Our Sea — Spain is on the left, Mauretania on the right. The former is the first part of Europe, the latter of Africa. The...

Mauretania

81 -2.5,32.5,0 Maeotic Lake ...on the very shore, Cimmerium. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.113  On the near side, the Maeotic Lake receives those who enter it. It spreads in all directions where it touches...

Maeotic Lake

81 35.862586,45.814417000000006,0 Gilda ...cities, albeit the wealthiest among small ones, are considered to be Gilda, Volubilis, and Banasa, all far from Ocean, but nearer to it Sala and Lixos ...

Gilda

71 Sarmatae ...all the way up to this point. After Gaul the Germans reach as far as the Sarmatae, and they to Asia. Africa Event Date: -1 LA § 1.20  Africa, terminated to the...

Sarmatae

75 28.5,46.5,0 Rhenus ...bank, not far from the sea it spreads in two directions. To the left the Rhenus actually remains a river until it reaches its outlet. On the right, however...

Rhenus

75 12.280278,44.596389,0 Abila ...one that Spain raises up on the opposite shore. The one on this side they call Abila, the one on the far side Calpe; they call them together the Pillars of...

Abila

81 -5.2911195,35.89603,0 Abila ...Europe and Africa. The Pillars of Hercules, as we said at the beginning, Abila and Calpes, each jut into the sea in fact, but Calpes more so and almost...

Abila

75 -5.2911195,35.89603,0 Ampelusia ...Its head (and starting point), however, is the promontory that the Greeks call Ampelusia; the Africans call that promontory by another name, but one that means the same...

Ampelusia

81 -5.9236482,35.7910308,0 Siga ...to one another, then the Tumuada River, the small towns of Rusigada and Siga; and Portus Magnus, so called because of its expanse. That river, which we...

Siga

74 -1.448914,35.265939,0 Tinge ...-1 LA § 1.26  On it is the sacred Cave of Hercules, and beyond the cave is Tinge, a very old town founded, as they say, by Antaeus. A proof of their claim...

Tinge

77 -5.79975,35.76727,0 Sardabale River ...of Cartinna and Arsinna, the garrison town of Quiza, Laturus Gulf, and the Sardabale River. On its far side is the common tomb of the royal family, then the cities...

Sardabale River

77 Mulucha ...Magnus, so called because of its expanse. That river, which we called the Mulucha, is nowadays the boundary of tribes, but once it was the boundary of kingdoms...

Mulucha

76 -3.5569907,33.952871200000004,0 Rusiccade ...usurps for itself the name of Africa. In it are the towns of Hippo Regius, Rusiccade. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.34  Then three promontories — White Point [Cap Blanc)...

Rusiccade

77 6.75,36.75,0 Neapolis ...wealth of its present inhabitants. Hadrumetum, Leptis, Habromacte, Phyre, and Neapolis, the most widely known cities vis-a-vis other obscure places, lie one after...

Neapolis

80 Triton River ...and out. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.36  On its shoreline a huge swamp receives the Triton River; the swamp itself is Lake Triton, that is, the lake of Minerva, who, as the...

Triton River

80 25.25,35.25,0 Utica ...Cornelia, the Bagrada [Mejerda) River, Utica, and Carthage. Both Utica and Carthage are famous, and both were founded by Phoenicians. The former is...

Utica

67 9.5,37.0,0 Arsinoe ...and Naustathmus, Port Paraetonium, the cities of Hesperia, Apollonia, and Arsinoe; and also Cyrene itself, from which the region takes its name...

Arsinoe

76 20.565847,32.537142,0 Syrtis ...which descends through the lushest fields; then a second Leptis and a second Syrtis, equal in name and nature to the first, but approximately twice as large both...

Syrtis

79 10.416667,34.0,0 Naustathmus ...again. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.40  Along the shore are found Zephyrium Point and Naustathmus, Port Paraetonium, the cities of Hesperia, Apollonia, and Arsinoe; and...

Naustathmus

81 15.25,36.75,0 Delta ...three streams near the town of Cercasorum. Then, dividing again and again at Delta and Melys, it moves freely and broadly through all of Aegypt. The river divides...

Delta

79 Astabores ...on the border of Aethiopia; and on one side of Meroe the river is called Astabores, on the other Astape. Where it comes together again, it takes this name...

Astabores

75 35.8503024,14.3454577,0 Safe ...inhabit numerous ones. The most famous of those cities far from the sea are Safe, Memphis, Syene, Bubastis, Elephantine, and, in particular, Thebes, which, as...

Safe

78 30.66707,28.06502,0 Gaza ...into once dry regions. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.64  In Palestine, however, is Gaza, a mighty and very well fortified city. This is why the Persians call it their...

Gaza

77 67.5,42.5,0 Byblos ...Date: -1 LA § 1.67  From it to Point Theuprosopon there are two towns, Byblos and Botrys. Farther on there were once three towns, each separated from the...

Byblos

73 35.645732,34.119026,0 Marathos ...the number of those towns. Then comes Simyra, a military post, and Marathos, a not obscure city. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.68  From there on, Asia is no longer...

Marathos

69 35.907067,34.838764,0 Theuprosopon ...it was captured by the Persians. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.67  From it to Point Theuprosopon there are two towns, Byblos and Botrys. Farther on there were once three towns...

Theuprosopon

78 35.680467,34.288667,0 Rhosos ...and on its shore are the cities Seleucia, Hypatos, Berytos, Laodicea, and Rhosos, as well as the rivers that go between these cities, the Lycos, the Hypatos...

Rhosos

76 35.887675,36.4195645,0 Sidon ...time assailed it. Villages occupy the upper coast, along with still-wealthy Sidon, the most important of the maritime cities before it was captured by...

Sidon

78 35.37564,33.55993,0 Soloe ...it to them; now called Pompeiopolis, then called Soloe. Beside it, in a small mound, the funerary monument of the poet Aratus must be...

Soloe

51 32.8125385,35.1406719,0 Corycian Cave ...and by the open sea. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.72  Above the town is the so-called Corycian Cave, a cave of unique nature, too extraordinary to be easily describable. For in...

Corycian Cave

81 22.52073,38.51526,0 Taurus ...terminates the tremendous gulf with the harbor of Sida and a spur of the Taurus range. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.81  The Taurus range actually rises over an...

Taurus

75 38.2083333333,39.2708333333,0 Eurymedon ...the navigable Melas River, the town of Sida, and a second river, the Eurymedon. Beside the latter river the great naval battle took place against...

Eurymedon

71 31.1815439,37.1968531,0 Caucasus ...the same name as the whole (as just indicated). Then it is called Haemodes and Caucasus and Propanisus (Paropamisus); after that, the Caspian Gates, the Niphates...

Caucasus

81 42.4378759,43.3525468,0 Limyra ...Date: -1 LA § 1.82  After the Taurus promontory come the Limyra River and the city that is its namesake. Except for Patara, the towns are as...

Limyra

59 30.170519,36.342831,0 Cnidus ...Aphrodisium; Schoenus surrounds Hyla; Bubassius surrounds Cyrnos. Then comes Cnidus on the tip of a peninsula, and between it and the Ceramicus Gulf, located in a...

Cnidus

79 27.37404,36.686188,0 Schoenus ...of Pandion, which extends into the sea; then three gulfs, in order, Thymnias, Schoenus, and Bubassius. Thymnias' promontory is Point Aphrodisium; Schoenus surrounds...

Schoenus

80 28.25,36.75,0 Bubassius ...extends into the sea; then three gulfs, in order, Thymnias, Schoenus, and Bubassius. Thymnias' promontory is Point Aphrodisium; Schoenus surrounds Hyla; Bubassius...

Bubassius

76 28.25,36.75,0 Iasian ...and Neapolis; the Iasian and Basilic Gulfs. Bargylos is on the Iasian Gulf. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.86  After the Basilic Gulf, Ionia winds around with...

Iasian

65 27.5,37.5,0 Neapolis ...the following places: the coast of Leuca; the cities of Myndos, Caruanda, and Neapolis; the Iasian and Basilic Gulfs. Bargylos is on the Iasian Gulf. Event Date...

Neapolis

80 31.481322800000044,37.9685036,0 Hippis ...justly renowned for the celebrated talents of its other citizens. The city of Hippis is the outlet of the Maeander River, and Mt. Latmus is known for the legend...

Hippis

80 26.4492,38.38817,0 Latmus ...citizens. The city of Hippis is the outlet of the Maeander River, and Mt. Latmus is known for the legend of Endymion, deeply loved, as they report, by the...

Latmus

76 27.58931,37.51644,0 Teos ...portions over a wider expanse after a narrow neck of land. On that isthmus, Teos to the south side and Clazomenae to the north are tied together by a common...

Teos

78 26.785014,38.177262,0 Colophon ...daughter, founded when she was fleeing the Epigoni, the conquerors of Thebes. Colophon is there, which Mopsus, son of that same Manto, founded. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Colophon

80 27.1973,37.99162,0 Phocaea ...On the Gulf of Smyrna are the Hermus River and the city of Leuca; beyond is Phocaea, the last city of Ionia. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.90  The next region...

Phocaea

78 26.75261,38.6684,0 Hermus ...coastlines. On the peninsula itself is Coryna. On the Gulf of Smyrna are the Hermus River and the city of Leuca; beyond is Phocaea, the last city of Ionia. Event...

Hermus

79 28.1112899,38.5178164,0 Mysia ...the time when it began to be cultivated by Aeolians. It was previously called Mysia, however, and where it adjoins the Hellespont, with the Trojans in possession...

Mysia

80 27.184419878077563,39.13112815791898,0 Myrina ...the Trojans in possession, it was the Troad. They call the first of its cities Myrina after its founder Myrinus. Pelops established the following city when he...

Myrina

81 26.985537,38.840097,0 Cisthena ...range is sprinkled at first with small cities, of which the most renowned is Cisthena. On the inner fold the plain, Thebe by name, contains the adjacent...

Cisthena

79 26.813175,39.393183,0 Thebe ...cities, of which the most renowned is Cisthena. On the inner fold the plain, Thebe by name, contains the adjacent towns Adramytion, Astura, and Chrysa (in the...

Thebe

79 27.020171,39.597431,0 Placia ...by the unthinking Minyans when they were invading the Colchians. Later on come Placia and Scylace, small Pelasgian colonies over which, from the back, hangs...

Placia

81 Abydos ...in are the Bithynians and the Mariandyni; on the coast are the Greek cities Abydos, Lampsacum, Parion, and Priapos. Abydos is famous because of the circulation of...

Abydos

78 26.41122,40.19406,0 Scylace ...they were invading the Colchians. Later on come Placia and Scylace, small Pelasgian colonies over which, from the back, hangs Mt. Olympus, or...

Scylace

61 28.388808,40.387037,0 Lampsacum ...the Bithynians and the Mariandyni; on the coast are the Greek cities Abydos, Lampsacum, Parion, and Priapos. Abydos is famous because of the circulation of a great...

Lampsacum

79 26.68998,40.34869,0 Rhyndacos ...or Mt. Mysius as the locals call it. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.99  The Rhyndacos River goes through those places that follow. All around it are generated...

Rhyndacos

69 28.5420177,40.135699,0 Parion ...the Mariandyni; on the coast are the Greek cities Abydos, Lampsacum, Parion, and Priapos. Abydos is famous because of the circulation of a great love story...

Parion

71 27.0670163,40.4259096,0 Phrygia ...gulfs. One without a name embraces Cion, the most convenient trading town for Phrygia, which lies not too far away; the other one, the Gulf of Olbia, bears on its...

Phrygia

80 27.75,40.25,0 Euxinus ...from the vicious disposition of the inhabitants, but later it was called the Euxinus Sea because of traffic with somewhat gentler nations. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Euxinus

79 34.7425505,43.0786852,0 Acherusian ...and that name adds credibility to the tradition. Next to it is the Acherusian Cave, which goes down, as they tell it, to the Manes, and they believe that...

Acherusian

69 31.38502,41.29822,0 Tios ...hauled up from there. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.104  After that comes the town of Tios, in fact a colony of the Milesians, but now belonging to the land and people...

Tios

80 32.023112,41.561257,0 Cytorus ...its nearer side is the Parthenius River; the cities of Sesamos, Cromnos, and Cytorus (founded by Cytisorus, the son of Phrixus); then Cinolis, Collyris, and Armene...

Cytorus

79 32.8960606,41.8111899,0 Dioscorias ...of the Maeotis). Event Date: -1 LA § 1.111  In the territory of the Heniochi, Dioscorias was founded by Castor and Pollux, who came to the Pontus with Jason; and...

Dioscorias

80 41.0181,42.99535,0 Gerrhos ...is called Carcinites, In it is the city of Carcine, flanked by two rivers, the Gerrhos and the Hypacaris, which make their outlet to the sea through a single mouth...

Gerrhos

81 35.44448538716876,46.87699559686738,0 Ixamatae ...Thatae, the Sirachi, the Phicores, and — next to the mouth of the river — the Ixamatae. Among them, women practice the same skills as men, so much so that women are...

Ixamatae

80 39.5,47.5,0 Dromos Achilleos ...men when there was a respite from the fighting. Therefore the land is called Dromos Achilleos. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.6  Then the Borysthenes River washes up on the territory...

Dromos Achilleos

79 30.20325,45.25471,0 Neuri ...the people here from the Istrians. That river rises among the Neuri, and where it makes its outlet to the sea, it runs beside a town of the same...

Neuri

64 Danube ...through immense lands belonging to great nations, it is for a long time the Danube; then with the local peoples using another name, it becomes the Ister. After...

Danube

78 29.647293,45.16291,0 Ister ...the Danube; then with the local peoples using another name, it becomes the Ister. After receiving several more rivers, it then becomes a mighty river. Of those...

Ister

77 29.647293,45.16291,0 Callatis ...Date: -1 LA § 2.22  On the seacoast, HIstropolis lies beside the Ister; next Callatis, colonized by the Milesians; then Tomoe, Caria Port, and Cape Tiristis. The...

Callatis

79 28.58516,43.81307,0 Rhodope ...and the Strymon. The interior throws up mountains — Mt. Haemos, Mt. Rhodope, and Mt. Orbelos, all very well known for the sacred rituals of Father...

Rhodope

70 24.574486,41.6027185,0 Apollonia ...of Dionysopolis, Odessos, Messembria, and Anchialos, as well as the great Apollonia in the deepest part of the bay, right where the Pontus finishes its second bend...

Apollonia

76 28.68489,40.17022,0 Haemos ...the Nestos, and the Strymon. The interior throws up mountains — Mt. Haemos, Mt. Rhodope, and Mt. Orbelos, all very well known for the sacred rituals...

Haemos

70 24.91728,42.7168715,0 Nestos ...to the sea, but the most famous ones it lets through are the Hebrus, the Nestos, and the Strymon. The interior throws up mountains — Mt. Haemos, Mt. Rhodope...

Nestos

75 23.5,41.5,0 Perinthos ...on the Bosphorus is Byzantion, and on the Propontis, Selymbria, Perinthos, and Bytinis. The rivers that flow among these places are...

Perinthos

66 27.95454,40.97089,0 Isthmos ...here between the Hellespont and the Aegean. They call the narrow part Isthmos, its forward part Mastusia, and the whole Chersonesus, which is famous for many...

Isthmos

72 26.958493,36.7464035,0 Strymon ...Date: -1 LA § 2.30  Farther on, the Nestos River flows, and between it and the Strymon are the cities of Philippi, Apollonia, and Amphipolis; between...

Strymon

81 23.848889,40.785833,0 Alopeconnesus ...gulf is called Melas after the river it takes in, and it embraces two cities, Alopeconnesus and Cardia, which is situated on the far side of the Isthmus. Event Date...

Alopeconnesus

80 Nestos ...that it was founded in this way. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.30  Farther on, the Nestos River flows, and between it and the Strymon are the cities...

Nestos

77 23.75,41.75,0 Calarnaea ...and Amphipolis; between the Strymon and Athos is the Tower of Calarnaea, the port of Capru Limen, and the cities of Acanthus and Echinia...

Calarnaea

64 23.598118,40.487432,0 Mende ...narrow where it begins. Potidaea is located there, but where it is broader, Mende and Scione need mention. Mende was founded by the Eretrians, Scione by...

Mende

78 23.419,39.964,0 Epiros ...and Arcadia; farther on are Aitolia, Acarnania, and Epiros, all the way to the Adriatic. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.40  Of the places and...

Epiros

54 22.5,37.5,0 Amyclae ...famous for its antiquity and for its cult; in Laconice, Therapnae, Lacedemon, Amyclae, and Mt. Taygetus; in Messenia, Messenia and Methone. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Amyclae

80 24.76084,35.0133,0 Lacedemon ...is very famous for its antiquity and for its cult; in Laconice, Therapnae, Lacedemon, Amyclae, and Mt. Taygetus; in Messenia, Messenia and Methone. Event Date...

Lacedemon

77 22.46082645177671,37.07624042080912,0 Argos ...from which the region takes its name; likewise, in the Argolid, Argos, along with Mycenae and the temple of Juno, which is very famous for its...

Argos

66 22.719464,37.631561,0 Acarnania ...the Erymanthus and Ladon Rivers; in Aitolia, the town of Naupactos; in Acarnania, that of Stratos; in Epirus, the temple of Jupiter Dodonaeus and likewise the...

Acarnania

73 21.317874500000002,38.672287499999996,0 Halos ...coasts along the shores, the course after Point Sepias lies beside Demetrias, Halos, Pteleon, and Echinos, to the Gulf of Pagasa. That gulf, embracing the city...

Halos

80 22.842025,39.161875,0 Rhamnus ...especially known for the slaughter of the Persians; Event Date: -1 LA § 2.46  Rhamnus, small but still renowned, because in it is the shrine of Amphiaraus and...

Rhamnus

80 24.028009,38.222727,0 Larumna ...and Aulis, the camp of Agamemnon's fleet and the Greeks who swore allegiance...

Larumna

-7 23.288,38.566,0 Scarphia ...and on these gulfs the monument to the Laconian war-dead; Thermopylae, Opous, Scarphia, Cnemides, Alope, Anthedon, Larumna, and Aulis, the camp of Agamemnon's fleet...

Scarphia

80 22.68341970000006,38.81072,0 Aulis ...and Aulis, the camp of Agamemnon's fleet and the Greeks who swore allegiance...

Aulis

6 23.5925,38.4335,0 Thoricos ...because in it is the shrine of Amphiaraus and the Nemesis by Phidias; then Thoricos and Brauronia, once cities, now mere names. Sounion is a promontory and...

Thoricos

77 24.053634,37.73787,0 Brauronia ...it is the shrine of Amphiaraus and the Nemesis by Phidias; then Thoricos and Brauronia, once cities, now mere names. Sounion is a promontory and terminates the coast...

Brauronia

79 23.9937505,37.926189,0 Sounion ...Phidias; then Thoricos and Brauronia, once cities, now mere names. Sounion is a promontory and terminates the coast of Hellas that faces east. Event Date...

Sounion

69 24.0359195,37.683423,0 Corinth ...its wealth, better known later for its destruction, and now a Roman colony. Corinth has a view of both seas from the peak of the acropolis they...

Corinth

78 22.878721,37.906045,0 Araxos ...Callipolis, and Patrae occupy that shore where the Chelonates and Araxos Rivers have their outlets, but Cyllene is distinguished because they...

Araxos

68 21.377,38.212,0 Lerna ...Gulf are the well-known Erasinus and Inachus Rivers and the well-known town of Lerna; on the Laconian Gulf are Gythium and the Eurotas; on Cape Taenaros itself is a...

Lerna

81 22.71809,37.55107,0 Oianthia ...and Sikyon, but on the opposite shores are Pagae, Creusis, Anticyra, Oianthia, Cirrha, Calydon (somewhat better known by name), and Evenos beyond Rhion...

Oianthia

71 22.315807,38.41224,0 Patrae ...the land, and Pylos actually lies beside the sea. Cyllene, Callipolis, and Patrae occupy that shore where the Chelonates and Araxos Rivers have their outlets...

Patrae

77 21.738518,38.243265,0 Evenos ...better known by name), and Evenos beyond Rhion. In Acarnania, which is especially famous, are the town...

Evenos

29 21.5193991,38.3288971,0 Apollonia ...if they were going "to damnation.") Event Date: -1 LA § 2.57  Farther on are Apollonia, Salona, Iader, Narona, Tragurium, the Gulf of Pola, and Pola, which was once...

Apollonia

79 19.470413,40.720583,0 Aeas ...much things change! Now Pola is a Roman colony. Moreover, the rivers are the Aeas, the Nar, and the Danube (which here is called the Ister); but the Aeas comes...

Aeas

79 Capua ...and Bononia, colonies of the Romans; to the right, Capua, founded by the Tuscans, and Rome, long ago founded by shepherds, now a second...

Capua

53 14.2130486,41.1061258,0 Iader ..."to damnation.") Event Date: -1 LA § 2.57  Farther on are Apollonia, Salona, Iader, Narona, Tragurium, the Gulf of Pola, and Pola, which was once inhabited, as...

Iader

79 15.224531,44.115541,0 Firmum ...of Numana, Potentia, Cluana, and Cupra and, moreover, the strongholds of Firmum, Adria, and Truentinum (the adjacent river is also its namesake). After that...

Firmum

75 13.71682,43.1611,0 Cluana ...beyond this point. On these shores are the cities of Numana, Potentia, Cluana, and Cupra and, moreover, the strongholds of Firmum, Adria, and Truentinum (the...

Cluana

73 13.7194675,43.304563,0 Ancon ...promontories that meet there from opposite sides, and thus it was called Ancon by the Greeks; Ancona lies between the Gallic and Italic peoples like a...

Ancon

75 13.510256,43.625323,0 Thessaly ...not wash up on, the following are the ones especially worth remembering: in Thessaly nowadays Larissa is best known, but in the old days Iolcos was...

Thessaly

78 22.2,39.6,0 Thessaly ...from a slender stem. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.39  After Macedonia, first comes Thessaly, and after it Magnesia, Phthiotis, Doris, Locris, Phocis, Boeotia, Atthis, and...

Thessaly

78 22.2,39.6,0 Caria ...and the city that bounds Lycia, Telmesos. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.83  Caria follows, and peoples of uncertain origin inhabit it. Some writers hold the...

Caria

70 27.423638999999998,37.038339,0 Bosphorus ...is as far as the Pontus goes. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.24  After that come the Bosphorus and Propontis; on the Bosphorus is Byzantion, and on...

Bosphorus

78 29.075278,41.119444,0 Catabathmos ...be buried alive on the spot. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.39  Cyrenaica From there to Catabathmos is the province of Cyrenaica, and in it are the famously reliable oracle...

Catabathmos

81 25.152644,31.552706,0 Cinyps ...themselves. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.37  Farther on is the town of Oea and the Cinyps [Khane) River, which descends through the lushest fields; then a...

Cinyps

78 14.5,32.5,0 Mendesian ...The mouths of the Nile — the Canopic, Bolbitic, Sebennytic, Pathmetic, Mendesian, Cataptystic, and Pelusiac mouths — cut into those very shores. Arabia Event...

Mendesian

73 31.5,31.25,0 Canopic ...on Africa, and Pelusium, which borders on Arabia. The mouths of the Nile — the Canopic, Bolbitic, Sebennytic, Pathmetic, Mendesian, Cataptystic, and Pelusiac mouths —...

Canopic

81 30.567329633333333,19.211408766666665,0 Celenderis ...Between them lie Celenderis and Nagidos, colonies of the Samians, but Celenderis is the one nearer to Sarpedon. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Celenderis

72 33.32306,36.14408,0 Sida ...1.78  Pamphylia In Pamphylia are the navigable Melas River, the town of Sida, and a second river, the Eurymedon. Beside the latter river the great naval...

Sida

74 31.38889,36.76667,0 Cyrnos ...promontory is Point Aphrodisium; Schoenus surrounds Hyla; Bubassius surrounds Cyrnos. Then comes Cnidus on the tip of a peninsula, and between it and the Ceramicus...

Cyrnos

80 Leuca ...work of Artemisia. Beyond Halicarnassos are the following places: the coast of Leuca; the cities of Myndos, Caruanda, and Neapolis; the Iasian and Basilic...

Leuca

81 27.2867473,36.9575142,0 Ceramicus ...Then comes Cnidus on the tip of a peninsula, and between it and the Ceramicus Gulf, located in a secluded place, is Euthana. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Ceramicus

70 27.8785015,36.9358039,0 Hyla ...and Bubassius. Thymnias' promontory is Point Aphrodisium; Schoenus surrounds Hyla; Bubassius surrounds Cyrnos. Then comes Cnidus on the tip of a peninsula, and...

Hyla

79 30.561826,37.415414,0 Heraclea ...a city founded, as they say, by Argive Hercules. It is called Heraclea, and that name adds credibility to the tradition. Next to it is the Acherusian...

Heraclea

64 31.414722,41.284722,0 Maeotis ...to the Riphaean Range. These mountains, on one end, face the Euxine, the Maeotis, and the Tanais, and on the other they face the Caspian Sea. They are called...

Maeotis

75 35.862586,45.814417000000006,0 Phasis ...who go past this promontory — that is, the angle opposite to the one by the Phasis River and like it but fuller. Here was Bizone, which collapsed in an...

Phasis

78 41.5,39.5,0 Thynias ...that more or less in the middle it extends into a promontory, which they call Thynias. In contradistinction, the coast continues with its uncurved shores, and it...

Thynias

80 27.985781,41.884086,0 Philiae ...continues with its uncurved shores, and it supports the cities of Halmydesos, Philiae, and Phinopolis. That is as far as the Pontus goes. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Philiae

80 28.68281,41.34838,0 Torone ...goes around both the port of Cophos and the cities of Torone and Myscella, as well as Megyberna (whence the bay's name). Event Date: -1 LA §...

Torone

56 23.9008123,39.9770534,0 Megyberna ...both the port of Cophos and the cities of Torone and Myscella, as well as Megyberna (whence the bay's name). Event Date: -1 LA § 2.35  Sane is next to...

Megyberna

76 23.396101,40.278319,0 Pieria ...is Ossa — all mountains remembered for the fabled War of the Giants. Here is Pieria, both the mother of the Muses and their home. Here is the ground last tramped...

Pieria

79 22.424792491340284,40.13002811595563,0 Alope ...the monument to the Laconian war-dead; Thermopylae, Opous, Scarphia, Cnemides, Alope, Anthedon, Larumna, and Aulis, the camp of Agamemnon's fleet and the Greeks who...

Alope

81 22.79812,38.88481,0 Tragurium ...Date: -1 LA § 2.57  Farther on are Apollonia, Salona, Iader, Narona, Tragurium, the Gulf of Pola, and Pola, which was once inhabited, as they tell it...

Tragurium

71 16.25008,43.51664,0 Dyrrachium ...the Piraeans, Liburnians, and Istria. The first city is Oricum, the second Dyrrachium, where Epidamnus used to be. (The Romans changed the name, because travelers...

Dyrrachium

77 19.44139,41.32306,0 Scylla ...and Locri. In Bruttium are Columna Rhegia, Rhegium, Scylla, Taurianum, and Metaurum. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.69  From here there is a bend...

Scylla

54 15.71519,38.2537,0 Barium ...river contiguous with Canusium, the Aufidus as they call it; after that are Barium, Gnatia, and Rudiae, renowned for Ennius; and at this point...

Barium

78 16.87014,41.13031,0 Hiera ...Osteodes, Lipara, Heraclea, Didyma, Phoenicusa, and the two like Aetna, Hiera and Strongyle, which burn with uninterrupted flame. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Hiera

74 12.0737934,37.9678556,0 Sinonia ...on, Pithecusa, Leucothea, Aenaria, Sidonia, Capreae, Prochyta, Pandateria, Sinonia, and Palmaria lie on the Italic coast on this side of the Tiber's mouth. Event...

Sinonia

77 13.05,40.966667,0 Phoenicusa ...seven that they call the Isles of Aeolus — Osteodes, Lipara, Heraclea, Didyma, Phoenicusa, and the two like Aetna, Hiera and Strongyle, which burn with uninterrupted...

Phoenicusa

81 14.55552,38.5746,0 Augustodunum ...the Belgae, the Treveri. The wealthiest cites are Augusta among the Treveri, Augustodunum among the Haedui, and among the Aquitani, Eliumberrum. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Augustodunum

79 4.288496,46.961217,0 Saunium ...among the Cantabri, but their names cannot be couched in our language. The Saunium descends through the territory of the <... > and of the Salaeni, the Namnasa...

Saunium

77 Cimbri ...adapts to a long brow of land. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.32  On the bay are the Cimbri and the Teutoni; farther on, the farthest people of Germany, the...

Cimbri

78 7.5,47.5,0 Alexandria ...life. In the time of our ancestors, while running away from King Lathyrus of Alexandria, a certain Eudoxus set out from the Arabian Gulf by this sea, as Nepos affirms...

Alexandria

79 29.904133,31.195371,0 Tigris ...of the Babylonians, that of the Chaldaeans, and two famous rivers, the Tigris nearer to Persia and, farther away, the Euphrates. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Tigris

73 44.79467829666667,34.52908255,0 Arabia ...and perfumes. On this side, except where it is heightened by Mt. Casius, Arabia is flat and barren and admits Port Azotus as a trading place for their own...

Arabia

75 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...— cut into those very shores. Arabia Event Date: -1 LA § 1.61  From here Arabia reaches to the Red Sea, but on the far side, being richer and more productive...

Arabia

75 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...Cataptystic, and Pelusiac mouths — cut into those very shores. Arabia Event Date: -1 LA § 1.61  From here Arabia reaches to the Red Sea, but on the...

Arabia

65 45.5,29.5,0 Mauretania ...anywhere. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.105  The remainder is the outer coast of Mauretania and Africa's extreme corner as it comes to its last point. The region is richly...

Mauretania

75 -2.5,32.5,0 Maeotic Lake ...with one boundary or another, but all with one name, the Pontici. Beside the Maeotic Lake are found the Maeotici; beside the Tanais, the Sauromatae. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Maeotic Lake

79 35.862586,45.814417000000006,0 Troad ...but, in addition, Lycia and Pamphylia, Caria, Ionia, Aeolis, and the Troad all the way up to the Hellespont. From there the Bithynians are found up to the...

Troad

71 26.341361553099542,39.82696158473712,0 Tanais ...of Asia where it verges on Our Sea and the Tanais. If people travel by the Tanais into the Maeotis, Europe is situated to the right, but to the left if sailing...

Tanais

77 Tanais ...as the Tyrrhenian Sea. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.18  The first nation, from the Tanais more or less to the middle of the Pontic littoral, is Scythia (not the one...

Tanais

78 Buxentum ...this side of Italy are Medma, Hipponium (or Vibo), Temesa, Clampetia, Blanda, Buxentum, Velia, Palinurus (once the name of a Trojan helmsman, now the name of a...

Buxentum

80 15.52056,40.07657,0 Ebusos ...2.125  Near the promontory they call Ferraria in the Bay of Sucro, the isle of Ebusos has a city by the same name. Only for grain is it unproductive; it is rather...

Ebusos

81 1.43,38.98,0 Pollentia ...Lesser Balearic Isle; on the Greater Balearic are the colonies of Palma and Pollentia. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.125  Near the promontory they call Ferraria in the Bay...

Pollentia

78 3.123348,39.848418,0 Cyrus ...the plains, it rolls out to the coastline there. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.41  The Cyrus Rivers, produced from springs near the roots of Mt. Coraxicus, travel in...

Cyrus

81 69.004272,39.90761,0 Hyrcania ...least the ones they call the Sauromatidae); alongside the Bay of Hyrcania are the Albani, the Moschi, and the Hyrcani; and on Scythian Bay are...

Hyrcania

67 56.3,37.1,0 Ister ...places that follow, and where the river reaches in, it goes all the way to the Ister River. Its people are very dose to the Parthians in dress and in weaponry, but...

Ister

81 29.647293,45.16291,0 Sena ...3.48  In the Britannic Sea, opposite the coast of the Ossismi, the isle of Sena belongs to a Gallic divinity and is famous for its Oracle, whose priestesses...

Sena

77 -4.8518,48.0363,0 Cartinna ...— it is situated more or less in the middle of the coast — are the towns of Cartinna and Arsinna, the garrison town of Quiza, Laturus Gulf, and the Sardabale River...

Cartinna

78 1.308828,36.50978,0 Carthage ...Cornelia, the Bagrada [Mejerda) River, Utica, and Carthage. Both Utica and Carthage are famous, and both were founded by Phoenicians. The former is marked by the...

Carthage

77 10.314578,36.8562215,0 Hadrumetum ...of its ancestors' claims than for the wealth of its present inhabitants. Hadrumetum, Leptis, Habromacte, Phyre, and Neapolis, the most widely known cities...

Hadrumetum

75 10.633108,35.823044,0 Bagrada ...on its shoreline. In the other gulf are Castra Delia, Castra Cornelia, the Bagrada [Mejerda) River, Utica, and Carthage. Both Utica and Carthage are famous, and...

Bagrada

77 9.531341399999999,36.82569,0 Thebes ...the sea are Safe, Memphis, Syene, Bubastis, Elephantine, and, in particular, Thebes, which, as stated by Homer, has one hundred gates or, as others say, one...

Thebes

79 32.59904,25.70048,0 Cercasorum ...navigable, it begins for the first time to have three streams near the town of Cercasorum. Then, dividing again and again at Delta and Melys, it moves freely and broadly...

Cercasorum

81 31.143634253846155,29.96609196153846,0 Elephantine ...famous of those cities far from the sea are Safe, Memphis, Syene, Bubastis, Elephantine, and, in particular, Thebes, which, as stated by Homer, has one hundred gates...

Elephantine

78 32.89066,24.08292,0 Memphis ...numerous ones. The most famous of those cities far from the sea are Safe, Memphis, Syene, Bubastis, Elephantine, and, in particular, Thebes, which, as stated...

Memphis

76 31.254278,29.849667,0 Caunus ...two promontories, Pedalion and Crya; and after the Calbis River, the town of Caunus, infamous for the ill health of its inhabitants. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.84  From...

Caunus

79 28.621536,36.825909,0 Telmesos ...the town of Xanthos, Mt. Cragus, and the city that bounds Lycia, Telmesos. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.83  Caria follows, and peoples of uncertain origin...

Telmesos

67 30.467197,36.982996,0 Calbis ...are some forts here; then two promontories, Pedalion and Crya; and after the Calbis River, the town of Caunus, infamous for the ill health of its...

Calbis

79 28.632873,36.8534616,0 Adramytion ...On the inner fold the plain, Thebe by name, contains the adjacent towns Adramytion, Astura, and Chrysa (in the same order as named), and it contains Antandrus on...

Adramytion

74 26.934551,39.504028,0 Ida ...bends that gradually carry the shoreline all the way back to the foot of Mt. Ida. The mountain range is sprinkled at first with small cities, of which the most...

Ida

79 26.85852,39.69936,0 Pitane ...dwelt there were driven out. Above it, the Caicus runs down between Elaea and Pitane, the city that bore Arcesilas, a very renowned head of the Academy when its...

Pitane

80 26.934063,38.934089,0 Caicus ...called it Cyme, once those who had dwelt there were driven out. Above it, the Caicus runs down between Elaea and Pitane, the city that bore Arcesilas, a very...

Caicus

80 27.0057354,38.9471678,0 Carambis ...people of Paphlagonia. More or less in the middle of their littoral is Point Carambis. On its nearer side is the Parthenius River; the cities of Sesamos, Cromnos...

Carambis

79 33.35,42.016667,0 Parthenius ...in the middle of their littoral is Point Carambis. On its nearer side is the Parthenius River; the cities of Sesamos, Cromnos, and Cytorus (founded by Cytisorus, the...

Parthenius

79 30.75,39.75,0 Cimmerium ...are located there: Hermonassa, Cepoe, Phanagorea, and, on the very shore, Cimmerium. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.113  On the near side, the Maeotic Lake receives those...

Cimmerium

76 36.2317044,45.0437458,0 Gelonos ...pasture but barren and bare for other things. The Budini inhabit the city of Gelonos. Next to them the Thyssagetae and Turcae occupy endless forests and feed...

Gelonos

79 34.66748969704443,50.08364352573715,0 Cycnus ...there is a town that Greek merchants founded, and they reportedly called it Cycnus because the voice of a swan had given a sign to them when, while being tossed...

Cycnus

78 41.424079,42.74676,0 Cardia ...the river it takes in, and it embraces two cities, Alopeconnesus and Cardia, which is situated on the far side of the Isthmus. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Cardia

71 27.423638999999998,37.038339,0 Hellespont ...that follows never runs to much width and is very constricted here between the Hellespont and the Aegean. They call the narrow part Isthmos, its forward part Mastusia...

Hellespont

81 26.950801749999997,38.846442875,0 Propontis ...come the Bosphorus and Propontis; on the Bosphorus is Byzantion, and on the Propontis, Selymbria, Perinthos, and Bytinis. The rivers that flow among these places are...

Propontis

78 28.2499999,40.6666672,0 Erginos ...and Bytinis. The rivers that flow among these places are the Erginos and Atyras. At that point comes the part of Thrace once ruled by Rhessus, then...

Erginos

63 27.25,41.25,0 Atyras ...and Bytinis. The rivers that flow among these places are the Erginos and Atyras. At that point comes the part of Thrace once ruled by Rhessus, then...

Atyras

75 28.25,41.25,0 Phthiotis ...-1 LA § 2.39  After Macedonia, first comes Thessaly, and after it Magnesia, Phthiotis, Doris, Locris, Phocis, Boeotia, Atthis, and the Megarid; but most famous of...

Phthiotis

78 22.6337672,38.8678937,0 Myrtoan ...Greece now projects very much on a grand scale. As far as it borders on the Myrtoan Sea, Greece, extending from north to south, faces the sunrise over the Aegean's...

Myrtoan

78 24.0,37.0,0 Tempe ...the ground last tramped by the Greek Hercules, the defile of Mt. Oita. Here is Tempe, well known for its sacred grove, and Libethra, the fountain of songs. Event...

Tempe

81 22.558114,39.855093,0 Ichthys ...Chersonessus, and Scyllaeon; to the south, Malea, Taenaros, Acritas, and Ichthys; to the west, Chelonates and Araxos. The Epidaurians and Troezenians live...

Ichthys

75 21.3114,37.63163,0 Chersonessus ...the coast of the Peloponnesos, as we have noted: from the east, Bucephalos, Chersonessus, and Scyllaeon; to the south, Malea, Taenaros, Acritas, and Ichthys; to the...

Chersonessus

78 23.00246,37.86843,0 Scyllaeon ...on their shores are the towns of Epidaurus, Troezene, and Hermione. Between Scyllaeon and Malea is the so-called Gulf of Argolis; between Malea and Taenaros...

Scyllaeon

78 23.523,37.435,0 Schoenos ...with Athens. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.50  The Saronic Gulf and the Gulfs of Schoenos and Pogon are located there, but on their shores are the towns...

Schoenos

75 23.362092,38.4274,0 Araxos ...the south, Malea, Taenaros, Acritas, and Ichthys; to the west, Chelonates and Araxos. The Epidaurians and Troezenians live between the Isthmos and Scyllaeon...

Araxos

80 21.377,38.212,0 Truentinum ...Cluana, and Cupra and, moreover, the strongholds of Firmum, Adria, and Truentinum (the adjacent river is also its namesake). After that, the Frentani hold the...

Truentinum

73 13.89843,42.89134,0 Ravenna ...sea. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.64  The route from the Padus to Ancona crosses Ravenna, Ariminum, Pisaurum, the colony of Fanum, the Metaurus River, and...

Ravenna

76 12.2191337,44.3954566,0 Altinum ...far from the sea, the Natiso River runs beside rich Aquileia. Farther on is Altinum. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.62  The Padus occupies the upper coast over a...

Altinum

78 12.3994439,45.5462452,0 Picenum ...Italic peoples like a boundary stone. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.65  The shores of Picenum welcome travelers beyond this point. On these shores are the cities...

Picenum

80 13.543866569916732,43.202191660470405,0 Padus ...beside rich Aquileia. Farther on is Altinum. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.62  The Padus occupies the upper coast over a considerable expanse. In fact, where it rises...

Padus

77 12.432028,44.952389,0 Point Ampelusia ...on is the colony of Zilia, and the Zilia River, and the place we started from, Point Ampelusia, which now turns into Our Strait, which is the terminus both of this work and...

Point Ampelusia

81 Zilia River ...which is right on the Lixus River. Farther on is the colony of Zilia, and the Zilia River, and the place we started from, Point Ampelusia, which now turns into Our...

Zilia River

80 -5.75,35.75,0 Aegean ...Date: -1 LA § 2.27  The long shore immediately thrusts along the Aegean Sea for a considerable distance, and in a great, gentle ambit from here to what...

Aegean

67 Ionian Sea ...then it is virtually cut more or less in half as both seas — but the Ionian Sea more — invade its lateral coastlines to the point that Hellas is four miles...

Ionian Sea

71 19.674861075555555,39.03244647555555,0 Ionian Sea ...two horns, and it looks off toward the Sicilian Sea with one horn, toward the Ionian Sea with the other. Italy as a whole is narrow, and in some places much narrower...

Ionian Sea

80 19.674861075555555,39.03244647555555,0 Atlantic ...-1 LA § 3.6  By contrast, on the other side of the Anas, where it faces the Atlantic Ocean, Lusitania at first goes on with a mighty thrust into the sea; then it...

Atlantic

78 -95.01388,41.4036,0 Atlantic ...has the Tanais, the Maeotis, and the Pontus in the east; in the west the Atlantic; to the north the Britannic Ocean. Its coastline is the form of the littoral...

Atlantic

75 -95.01388,41.4036,0 Pontus ...the cities of Halmydesos, Philiae, and Phinopolis. That is as far as the Pontus goes. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.24  After that come the Bosphorus and Propontis; on...

Pontus

75 Pontus ...a region, situated sideways to the sea and moderately wide, runs between the Pontus and the Swamp to the Cimmerian Bosphorus. The Coracanda, which drains in two...

Pontus

79 Tumuada River ...Seven Brothers because of their number and likeness to one another, then the Tumuada River, the small towns of Rusigada and Siga; and Portus Magnus, so called because of...

Tumuada River

79 -5.4101103,35.5623508,0 Portus Magnus ...one another, then the Tumuada River, the small towns of Rusigada and Siga; and Portus Magnus, so called because of its expanse. That river, which we called the Mulucha, is...

Portus Magnus

81 -0.266018,35.807917,0 Mauretania ...there to the banks of the Ampsacus River, is actually narrower in expanse than Mauretania, but it is both more widely cultivated and richer. Of the cities that it...

Mauretania

81 -2.5,32.5,0 Numidia ...boundary of kingdoms, those of Bocchus and Jugurtha. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.30  Numidia Numidia, which spreads from there to the banks of the Ampsacus River, is...

Numidia

81 2.1918495,36.607057999999995,0 Catabathmos ...and Arsinoe; and also Cyrene itself, from which the region takes its name. The Catabathmos Valley, sloping down into Aegypt, is the boundary of Africa. Event Date...

Catabathmos

81 25.152644,31.552706,0 Elephantine ...island, Tachempso, and runs down, still rough and seething, all the way to Elephantine, a city in Aegypt. Then at last, more peaceful and now quite navigable, it...

Elephantine

77 32.89066,24.08292,0 Palestine ...and Sophene. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.63  It is Palestine at the point where Syria abuts the Arabs, then Phoenicia, and then — where it...

Palestine

47 34.46203,31.503959,0 Phoenicia ...-1 LA § 1.63  It is Palestine at the point where Syria abuts the Arabs, then Phoenicia, and then — where it reaches Cilicia — Antiochia, which was powerful long ago...

Phoenicia

79 35.25,33.25,0 Euphrates ...in particular stand out: Babylon was built as a city of amazing size, and the Euphrates and Tigris were diverted into once dry regions. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Euphrates

80 40.93640094444444,34.74942377777777,0 Myriandros ...the Hypatos, and the Orontes; then comes Mt. Amanus and, right after it, Myriandros and the Cilicians. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.70  Cilicia In the gulf's deepest...

Myriandros

75 36.02416670000002,36.4941667,0 Berytos ...name of Antiochia applies, and on its shore are the cities Seleucia, Hypatos, Berytos, Laodicea, and Rhosos, as well as the rivers that go between these cities...

Berytos

80 35.501176,33.897902,0 Mt. Amanus ...go between these cities, the Lycos, the Hypatos, and the Orontes; then comes Mt. Amanus and, right after it, Myriandros and the Cilicians. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Mt. Amanus

79 36.333333,36.75,0 Cilicians ...and the Orontes; then comes Mt. Amanus and, right after it, Myriandros and the Cilicians. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.70  Cilicia In the gulf's deepest recess, however, is...

Cilicians

81 35.75,38.25,0 Botrys ...-1 LA § 1.67  From it to Point Theuprosopon there are two towns, Byblos and Botrys. Farther on there were once three towns, each separated from the next by a...

Botrys

78 35.65831,34.25516,0 Lycia ...the Xanthus River, the town of Xanthos, Mt. Cragus, and the city that bounds Lycia, Telmesos. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.83  Caria follows, and peoples of uncertain...

Lycia

79 29.129618500000003,36.513688333333334,0 Priapos ...on the coast are the Greek cities Abydos, Lampsacum, Parion, and Priapos. Abydos is famous because of the circulation of a great love story long...

Priapos

67 27.324347,40.412181,0 Cyzicum ...battle between the Persians and Alexander. On the other side of the river, Cyzicum is located on the isthmus of a peninsula. We have learned that Cyzicus, its...

Cyzicum

77 27.874127,40.389806,0 Rhoeteum ...1.96  Outside the gulf is the Rhoetean coast, with the renowned cities of Rhoeteum and Dardania, but the coast is particularly important for the tomb of Ajax...

Rhoeteum

76 Astacos ...Gulf of Olbia, bears on its promontory a shrine of Neptune and in its bosom Astacos, a city founded by Megarians. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.101  Next, the continents...

Astacos

78 29.928794,40.714558,0 Sinope ...-1 LA § 1.105  Next, the Chalybes occupy two very renowned cities, Amisos and Sinope, the latter being the birthplace of Diogenes the Cynic. As to rivers, they have...

Sinope

80 35.14885,42.0206,0 Themiscurum ...of Lycastos; a plain lies beside the Thermodon. On that plain was the town of Themiscurum, and there was an encampment, too, of Amazons, which they call Amazonius for...

Themiscurum

80 36.72194,41.19889,0 Pontic ...next to these lands, and it extends far inland from its front on the Pontic end all the way to the Illyrians. Where it extends its lateral...

Pontic

71 39.690113,40.559334,0 Olbia ...over the same route, and debouches between the Greek towns of Borysthenis and Olbia. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.7  The Hypanis River borders the territory of the...

Olbia

80 31.9056,46.69238,0 Hebrus ...rivers go through to the sea, but the most famous ones it lets through are the Hebrus, the Nestos, and the Strymon. The interior throws up mountains — Mt. Haemos...

Hebrus

81 26.029778,40.738634,0 Megyberna ...conqueror of Greece and Alexander, too, the conqueror of Asia. On the coast, Megyberna Bay, between Points Deris and Canastraion, goes around both the port...

Megyberna

79 23.396101,40.278319,0 Apollonia ...flows, and between it and the Strymon are the cities of Philippi, Apollonia, and Amphipolis; between the Strymon and Athos is the Tower of Calarnaea, the...

Apollonia

68 24.144773,40.741063,0 Olynthos ...Echinia; between Athos and Pallene are the cities of Kleonai and Olynthos. The Strymon, as we have said, is a river. It begins far away, where it is a...

Olynthos

67 23.354208,40.296525,0 Pteleon ...along the shores, the course after Point Sepias lies beside Demetrias, Halos, Pteleon, and Echinos, to the Gulf of Pagasa. That gulf, embracing the city of Pagasae...

Pteleon

80 22.97464,39.03369,0 Echinos ...the course after Point Sepias lies beside Demetrias, Halos, Pteleon, and Echinos, to the Gulf of Pagasa. That gulf, embracing the city of Pagasae, takes in...

Echinos

75 22.72539,38.89575,0 Demetrias ...one coasts along the shores, the course after Point Sepias lies beside Demetrias, Halos, Pteleon, and Echinos, to the Gulf of Pagasa. That gulf, embracing the...

Demetrias

73 22.71135,37.98336,0 Stratos ...in Aitolia, the town of Naupactos; in Acarnania, that of Stratos; in Epirus, the temple of Jupiter Dodonaeus and likewise the sacred spring...

Stratos

59 21.31578,38.67111,0 Rhion ...distinguished because they think Mercury was born there. After that, the Rhion — that is the sea's name there — cuts, by means of a narrow passage like a...

Rhion

75 21.7850004,38.3099987,0 Ambracian ...Date: -1 LA § 2.54  In Epiros nothing is better known than the Ambracian Gulf. The gulf, which lets in a great sea through its narrow jaws (less than a...

Ambracian

65 20.969167,38.9725,0 Rhion ...better known by name), and Evenos beyond Rhion. In Acarnania, which is especially famous, are the town of Leucas and...

Rhion

43 21.757727,38.388044,0 Anticyra ...and Sikyon, but on the opposite shores are Pagae, Creusis, Anticyra, Oianthia, Cirrha, Calydon (somewhat better known by name)...

Anticyra

61 22.626059,38.375439,0 Pagae ...shores are Aegion, Aegira, Olyros, and Sikyon, but on the opposite shores are Pagae, Creusis, Anticyra, Oianthia, Cirrha, Calydon (somewhat better known by name)...

Pagae

80 23.362766,37.974359,0 Persis ...Date: -1 LA § 1.12  Next to the Indians is Ariane, then Aria and Cedrosis and Persis up to the Persian Gulf. The Persian peoples surround this gulf...

Persis

80 51.5,30.5,0 Persian Gulf ...Beyond the Caspian Gulf are the Parthians and Assyrians, beyond the Persian Gulf are the Babylonians, and beyond the Aethiopians are the Aegyptians...

Persian Gulf

70 Persian Gulf ...is called the Persian Gulf; the farther one is the Arabian Gulf. Where the Persian Gulf receives the sea, it encloses its large mouth with two straight sides, like a...

Persian Gulf

77 Aethiopians ...of the Aceraunian Canyons. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.85  AFRICA'S OUTER COASTS The Aethiopians reside beyond there. They occupy the land of Meroe, which the Nile makes into...

Aethiopians

81 38.721522,14.125005,0 Pamphylia ...above, is Syria. On that very bend is Cilicia, but, in addition, Lycia and Pamphylia, Caria, Ionia, Aeolis, and the Troad all the way up to the Hellespont. From...

Pamphylia

77 Cilicia ...it lies more or less in its center. It stretches in a straight ridge between Cilicia and Syria, and as an island that at one time held nine kingdoms and now...

Cilicia

79 35.75,38.25,0 Lycia ...by Mopsus and marks the boundary of Pamphylia. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.80  Lycia Moving right along, Lycia, named for King Lycus, the son of Pandion, and, as...

Lycia

75 29.129618500000003,36.513688333333334,0 Ionia ...is called Didymaean Apollo. Then comes Miletus, once the leading city of all Ionia because of its skill in war and in peace, and the birth place of the...

Ionia

79 Lycia ...we described above, is Syria. On that very bend is Cilicia, but, in addition, Lycia and Pamphylia, Caria, Ionia, Aeolis, and the Troad all the way up to...

Lycia

80 29.129618500000003,36.513688333333334,0 Icosium ...On its far side is the common tomb of the royal family, then the cities of Icosium and Ruthisia and, flowing between them, the Aucus, as well as other things...

Icosium

77 3.049726,36.766025,0 Cherronesus ...which we have said is in Asia. The other one is Point Parthenion. The town of Cherronesus lies beside this promontory and was founded — if this is believable — by Diana...

Cherronesus

80 33.4922867,44.6109122,0 Taphrae ...the Taurici the other. What lies between the Swamp and the bay is called Taphrae; the bay is called Carcinites, In it is the city of Carcine, flanked by two...

Taphrae

75 33.692719,46.161621,0 Maroneia ...story, followed the singing Orpheus. At that point come the Sthenos River and Maroneia lying on its banks. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.29  The farther region bore Diomedes...

Maroneia

80 25.511426,40.873751,0 Doriscos ...place. The Cicones are found around the Hebrus River, and on its far side is Doriscos, where they say Xerxes measured his troops by space, because he could not do so...

Doriscos

79 26.164008,40.873623,0 Aenos ...which is situated on the far side of the Isthmus. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.28  Aenos, which was founded by Aeneas in exile, is an exceptional place. The Cicones are...

Aenos

78 Psophis ...ring Arcadia on all sides; in Arcadia are the cities of Psophis, Tegea, and Orchomenos, along with Mt Pholoe, Mt. Cyllene, Mt. Parthenius, and...

Psophis

58 21.892903,37.871725,0 Mycenae ...which the region takes its name; likewise, in the Argolid, Argos, along with Mycenae and the temple of Juno, which is very famous for its antiquity and for its...

Mycenae

79 22.756111,37.730833,0 Therapnae ...which is very famous for its antiquity and for its cult; in Laconice, Therapnae, Lacedemon, Amyclae, and Mt. Taygetus; in Messenia, Messenia and Methone. Event...

Therapnae

72 Eleusis ...which is celebrated in song and legend. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.41  In Atthis, Eleusis, which is sacred to Ceres, and Athens, more famous than needs to be pointed...

Eleusis

79 23.538311,38.041096,0 Methone ...and Mt. Taygetus; in Messenia, Messenia and Methone. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.42  In Achaia and Elis, once the Pisa of Oinomaus, Elis...

Methone

46 21.705,36.817,0 Ladon ...Mt. Cyllene, Mt. Parthenius, and Mt. Maenalus and the Erymanthus and Ladon Rivers; in Aitolia, the town of Naupactos; in Acarnania, that of Stratos...

Ladon

71 21.75,37.75,0 Pogon ...Date: -1 LA § 2.50  The Saronic Gulf and the Gulfs of Schoenos and Pogon are located there, but on their shores are the towns of Epidaurus, Troezene...

Pogon

69 23.25,37.75,0 Erasinus ...of Cyparissos Event Date: -1 LA § 2.51  On the Argolic Gulf are the well-known Erasinus and Inachus Rivers and the well-known town of Lerna; on the Laconian Gulf...

Erasinus

81 22.75,37.75,0 Apulian ...moderate in size but often harsh of access, is surrounded by the continuous Apulian shore. It is above both Sipontum — or, as the Greeks said, Sipiuntum — and the...

Apulian

78 Aufidus ...as the Greeks said, Sipiuntum — and the river contiguous with Canusium, the Aufidus as they call it; after that are Barium, Gnatia, and Rudiae, renowned...

Aufidus

78 15.3267276,40.877631,0 Urias ...as well as Mt. Garganus. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.66  A bay by the name of Urias, moderate in size but often harsh of access, is surrounded by the...

Urias

74 15.6777981,41.90489,0 Osteodes ...nearer Italy, Galata and those seven that they call the Isles of Aeolus — Osteodes, Lipara, Heraclea, Didyma, Phoenicusa, and the two...

Osteodes

76 13.18212,38.70729,0 Lipara ...those seven that they call the Isles of Aeolus — Osteodes, Lipara, Heraclea, Didyma, Phoenicusa, and the two like Aetna, Hiera and Strongyle...

Lipara

61 14.93394,38.50554,0 Balearic ...are not far from one another and are designated by size; the Greater Balearic Isles, and Lesser. The forts of Iamno are on the Lesser Balearic Isle; on the...

Balearic

71 3.0,39.5,0 Palmaria ...Sidonia, Capreae, Prochyta, Pandateria, Sinonia, and Palmaria lie on the Italic coast on this side of the Tiber's mouth. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Palmaria

55 12.858,40.937,0 Ulla ...The bend itself includes the city of Lambriaca and receives the Laeros and Ulla Rivers. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.11  The Praetamarici inhabit the section that...

Ulla

77 -8.1916232,42.8552207,0 Turduli ...a huge bend opens up, and on it are the Old Turduli and the towns of the Turduli as well as the Munda River, which flows broadly more or less halfway up the...

Turduli

75 -7.5,37.5,0 Belcae ...naked). Event Date: -1 LA § 3.57  Thule is located near the coast of the Belcae, who are celebrated in Greek poetry and in our own. On it — because there the...

Belcae

75 -2.5,51.5,0 Calliaros ...in Magnesia, Antronia; in Phthiotis, Phthia; [...]; in Locris, Cynos and Calliaros; in Phocis, Delphi, Mt. Parnassos, and both the shrine and the oracle...

Calliaros

75 23.063388,38.673354,0 Messenia ...but most famous of all is Atthis. In the Peloponnesos are Argolis, Laconice, Messenia, Achaian Elis, and Arcadia; farther on are Aitolia, Acarnania, and Epiros, all...

Messenia

79 21.9323415,37.06945533333334,0 Patavium ...inhabited far from the sea, the wealthiest are, to the left side, Antenor's Patavium, Mutina, and Bononia, colonies of the Romans; to the right, Capua, founded by...

Patavium

78 11.8766,45.4096,0 Bononia ...the sea, the wealthiest are, to the left side, Antenor's Patavium, Mutina, and Bononia, colonies of the Romans; to the right, Capua, founded by the Tuscans, and Rome...

Bononia

81 11.3418224,44.4946274,0 Tergeste ...Date: -1 LA § 2.61  On the shores, by contrast, Concordia is next after Tergeste. Between them flows the Timavus, which rises from nine heads but debouches...

Tergeste

74 13.772521,45.647165,0 Nar ...change! Now Pola is a Roman colony. Moreover, the rivers are the Aeas, the Nar, and the Danube (which here is called the Ister); but the Aeas comes...

Nar

77 12.626174800000001,42.3133076,0 Lampsacum ...famous because of the circulation of a great love story long ago. Lampsacum, as the Phocaeans call it, got its name from the fact that, when they inquired...

Lampsacum

68 26.68998,40.34869,0 Olympus ...small Pelasgian colonies over which, from the back, hangs Mt. Olympus, or Mt. Mysius as the locals call it. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Olympus

64 29.2215753,40.0710098,0 Panticapes ...-1 LA § 2.5  Then come the vast forests that these lands bear, as well as the Panticapes River, which separates the Nomads and the Georgians. At that time the land...

Panticapes

80 32.5,46.5,0 Agathyrsi ...found all the way to Maeotis. The Buces River cuts the Maeotis' bend, and the Agathyrsi and Sauromatae surround it. The Hamaxobioe are called that because they use...

Agathyrsi

80 27.5,47.5,0 Sirachi ...from the Cimmerian Bosphorus all the way to the Tanais, as do the Thatae, the Sirachi, the Phicores, and — next to the mouth of the river — the Ixamatae. Among them...

Sirachi

80 39.5,44.5,0 Calos ...beside the Euxine Sea. Beyond them, a bay full of harbors and therefore called Calos Limen is enclosed by two promontories. One promontory they call Criu Metopon...

Calos

81 32.713922,45.517138,0 Borysthenes ...the land is called Dromos Achilleos. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.6  Then the Borysthenes River washes up on the territory of the nation that bears its name. The...

Borysthenes

73 31.4125394,46.5941693,0 Ister ...Where it extends its lateral borders, Thrace is contiguous with the Ister and Our Sea. The region is favorable neither in its climate nor in its soil...

Ister

70 29.647293,45.16291,0 Strymon ...but the most famous ones it lets through are the Hebrus, the Nestos, and the Strymon. The interior throws up mountains — Mt. Haemos, Mt. Rhodope, and Mt. Orbelos...

Strymon

79 23.848889,40.785833,0 Mastusia ...the Aegean. They call the narrow part Isthmos, its forward part Mastusia, and the whole Chersonesus, which is famous for many reasons. Event Date...

Mastusia

66 26.16658,40.05436,0 Cophos ...between Points Deris and Canastraion, goes around both the port of Cophos and the cities of Torone and Myscella, as well as Megyberna (whence the bay's...

Cophos

69 23.917693399999962,39.9714854,0 Argolis ...and the Megarid; but most famous of all is Atthis. In the Peloponnesos are Argolis, Laconice, Messenia, Achaian Elis, and Arcadia; farther on...

Argolis

77 22.92059272180843,37.6566371145232,0 Messenia ...for its cult; in Laconice, Therapnae, Lacedemon, Amyclae, and Mt. Taygetus; in Messenia, Messenia and Methone. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.42  In Achaia and Elis, once...

Messenia

81 21.9323415,37.06945533333334,0 Taygetus ...and for its cult; in Laconice, Therapnae, Lacedemon, Amyclae, and Mt. Taygetus; in Messenia, Messenia and Methone. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Taygetus

72 24.76084,35.0133,0 Athens ...Date: -1 LA § 2.41  In Atthis, Eleusis, which is sacred to Ceres, and Athens, more famous than needs to be pointed out; in the Megarid, Megara, from which...

Athens

72 23.726464,37.971687,0 Delphi ...in Phthiotis, Phthia; [...]; in Locris, Cynos and Calliaros; in Phocis, Delphi, Mt. Parnassos, and both the shrine and the oracle of Apollo...

Delphi

74 22.501169,38.482289,0 Malia ...first be passed by those sailing from there to Sounion: the sizable Gulf of Malia and equally sizable Opuntian Gulf, and on these gulfs the monument to...

Malia

78 22.72539,38.89575,0 Pagasae ...and Echinos, to the Gulf of Pagasa. That gulf, embracing the city of Pagasae, takes in the Sperchios River and is remembered because the Minyans launched...

Pagasae

71 22.930713,39.312923,0 Acritas ...east, Bucephalos, Chersonessus, and Scyllaeon; to the south, Malea, Taenaros, Acritas, and Ichthys; to the west, Chelonates and Araxos...

Acritas

80 21.8764,36.72016,0 Epidaurus ...of Schoenos and Pogon are located there, but on their shores are the towns of Epidaurus, Troezene, and Hermione. Between Scyllaeon and Malea is the so-called Gulf...

Epidaurus

80 23.079167,37.596111,0 Chelonates ...beside the sea. Cyllene, Callipolis, and Patrae occupy that shore where the Chelonates and Araxos Rivers have their outlets, but Cyllene is distinguished because they...

Chelonates

78 21.12557,37.93748,0 Malea ...are the towns of Epidaurus, Troezene, and Hermione. Between Scyllaeon and Malea is the so-called Gulf of Argolis; between Malea and Taenaros...

Malea

76 22.168781,37.327556,0 Aegira ...the Peloponnesian littoral starts to face north. On these shores are Aegion, Aegira, Olyros, and Sikyon, but on the opposite shores...

Aegira

79 22.3782,38.12855,0 Callipolis ...the land, and Pylos actually lies beside the sea. Cyllene, Callipolis, and Patrae occupy that shore where the Chelonates and Araxos Rivers have their...

Callipolis

61 Leucas ...In Acarnania, which is especially famous, are the town of Leucas and the Achelous River. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.54  In Epiros nothing is better...

Leucas

60 20.64944,38.70819,0 Salona ...going "to damnation.") Event Date: -1 LA § 2.57  Farther on are Apollonia, Salona, Iader, Narona, Tragurium, the Gulf of Pola, and Pola, which was once...

Salona

77 16.482402866666668,43.53927436666667,0 Narona ...Date: -1 LA § 2.57  Farther on are Apollonia, Salona, Iader, Narona, Tragurium, the Gulf of Pola, and Pola, which was once inhabited, as they tell...

Narona

63 17.628052,43.080349,0 Ceraunian ...seat of the Aeacids and of Pyrrhus in particular. Beyond is Butroton, then the Ceraunian Mountains, and after these places a bend toward the Adriatic. Event Date...

Ceraunian

81 19.638889,40.198056,0 Ariminum ...Date: -1 LA § 2.64  The route from the Padus to Ancona crosses Ravenna, Ariminum, Pisaurum, the colony of Fanum, the Metaurus River, and the Aesis River. And in...

Ariminum

74 12.57028,44.05963,0 Brundisium ...and Rudiae, renowned for Ennius; and at this point in Calabria are Brundisium, Valetium, Lupiae, and Mt. Hydrus, then the Sallentine Fields, the coast of...

Brundisium

69 17.946867,40.641136,0 Gnatia ...contiguous with Canusium, the Aufidus as they call it; after that are Barium, Gnatia, and Rudiae, renowned for Ennius; and at this point in Calabria are Brundisium...

Gnatia

80 17.39188,40.88812,0 Herculaneum ...in Lucania; Event Date: -1 LA § 2.70  then the Bay of Puteoli, Syrrentum, Herculaneum, a view of Mt. Vesuvius, Pompeii, Neapolis, Puteoli, the Lucrine...

Herculaneum

76 14.4813524,40.7517443,0 Picentia ...name of a place), the Paestan Gulf, the town of Paestum, the Silerus River, Picentia, the Petrae (rocks) which the Sirens once inhabited...

Picentia

78 14.8564808,40.6332345,0 Clampetia ...the same land. On this side of Italy are Medma, Hipponium (or Vibo), Temesa, Clampetia, Blanda, Buxentum, Velia, Palinurus (once the name of a Trojan helmsman, now...

Clampetia

79 16.075485,39.134225,0 Silerus ...now the name of a place), the Paestan Gulf, the town of Paestum, the Silerus River, Picentia, the Petrae (rocks) which the Sirens once inhabited...

Silerus

71 15.0311303,40.5365504,0 Pandateria ...to move on, Pithecusa, Leucothea, Aenaria, Sidonia, Capreae, Prochyta, Pandateria, Sinonia, and Palmaria lie on the Italic coast on this side of the Tiber's...

Pandateria

73 13.43055,40.80294,0 Stoechades ...-1 LA § 2.124  In Gaul, by contrast, the only islands fit to report are the Stoechades, which are scattered from the coast of Liguria all the way to Massilia...

Stoechades

78 6.3633469,43.009435425,0 Liguria ...fit to report are the Stoechades, which are scattered from the coast of Liguria all the way to Massilia. The Balearic Isles, located in Spain across from the...

Liguria

74 9.235707726672372,44.22656549434755,0 Balearic ...which are scattered from the coast of Liguria all the way to Massilia. The Balearic Isles, located in Spain across from the coast of Tarraco, are not far from one...

Balearic

77 3.0,39.5,0 Tarraco ...way to Massilia. The Balearic Isles, located in Spain across from the coast of Tarraco, are not far from one another and are designated by size; the Greater Balearic...

Tarraco

81 1.258058,41.119196,0 Dianium ...mouth. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.122  Farther on there are some small islands, Dianium, Carbania, Urgo, Ilva, as well as two large islands divided by a strait. Of...

Dianium

77 11.09692,42.25718,0 Ulisippo ...lie between the promontories. Salacia is on the first one; on the second are Ulisippo and the mouth of the Tagus, a river that generates jewels and gold. From these...

Ulisippo

79 -9.13374,38.71001,0 Durius ...broadly more or less halfway up the coast of the last promontory, and the Durius River, which washes the foot of the same promontory. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Durius

76 -7.032423,41.32880655,0 Limia ...the whole coast here, and the rivers Avo, Celadus, Nebis, Minius, and Limia (also known as the Oblivion) flow through their territory. The bend itself...

Limia

72 -8.57279,41.754357,0 Antros ...current another. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.22  In the river is the island named Antros, which the locals think floats on the surface and is raised up by the rising...

Antros

78 -1.1733302,45.586334,0 Aquitani ...are Augusta among the Treveri, Augustodunum among the Haedui, and among the Aquitani, Eliumberrum. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.21  The Garunna, which descends from...

Aquitani

78 -0.5,43.5,0 Garunna ...the Haedui, and among the Aquitani, Eliumberrum. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.21  The Garunna, which descends from the Pyrenees, flows shallow for a long time and is barely...

Garunna

81 -1.047134,45.585693,0 Flevo ...expanse. At this point it is no longer called a river but a huge lake — Lake Flevo — where it has flooded the fields. It surrounds an island of the same name...

Flevo

79 5.966667,51.95,0 Antandrus ...and Chrysa (in the same order as named), and it contains Antandrus on the other side. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.92  A dual explanation of that last...

Antandrus

59 26.7949,39.57209,0 Granicus ...Date: -1 LA § 1.98  Then the sea widens as the Propontis, into which flows the Granicus, the river known for the very first battle between the Persians and Alexander...

Granicus

81 27.2716339,40.30671,0 Sigeum ...because of the city, the war, and the destruction. Here was the town of Sigeum, here the camp of the warring Achaeans. Descending to this place from Mt Ida...

Sigeum

74 26.18372,39.98975,0 Amisos ...Date: -1 LA § 1.105  Next, the Chalybes occupy two very renowned cities, Amisos and Sinope, the latter being the birthplace of Diogenes the Cynic. As to...

Amisos

75 36.33128,41.292782,0 Halys ...latter being the birthplace of Diogenes the Cynic. As to rivers, they have the Halys and the Thermodon. Beyond the Halys is the city of Lycastos; a plain lies...

Halys

81 35.9295291,41.6767598,0 Cerasunta ...are of unruly disposition. Cities are rare; particularly renowned, though, are Cerasunta and Trapezus. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.108  Next is that place where the stretch...

Cerasunta

81 38.397931,40.919134,0 Euxine ...they connect to the Riphaean Range. These mountains, on one end, face the Euxine, the Maeotis, and the Tanais, and on the other they face the Caspian Sea. They...

Euxine

76 28.715749,36.837326,0 Hermonassa ...and to the sea, makes this region a peninsula. Four cities are located there: Hermonassa, Cepoe, Phanagorea, and, on the very shore, Cimmerium. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Hermonassa

80 39.553424,41.034159,0 Tanais ...These mountains, on one end, face the Euxine, the Maeotis, and the Tanais, and on the other they face the Caspian Sea. They are called the Ceraunians but...

Tanais

69 40.7291755,47.5437096,0 Tiristis ...next Callatis, colonized by the Milesians; then Tomoe, Caria Port, and Cape Tiristis. The second angle of the Pontus receives those who go past this promontory —...

Tiristis

78 28.465836,43.364924,0 Mastusia ...land that is swept back from its path. Those who sail this stretch and round Mastusia have to enter a gulf that flows onto the other side of the...

Mastusia

79 26.16658,40.05436,0 Abdera ...Tower of Diomedes remains as evidence of the legend, and so too the city of Abdera. which his sister named after herself. That city, however, has something else...

Abdera

78 24.97363,40.93119,0 Axius ...the huge Thermaic Gulf, with its long sides, extends well into the sea. The Axius River runs through Macedon into this gulf, and at this point so does...

Axius

78 22.729683,40.631151,0 Aloros ...before reaching the Axius, and between these two places are Cassandria, Cydna, Aloros, and Itharis. From the Peneus to Point Sepias are Corynthya, Meliboea...

Aloros

81 22.494335,40.555026,0 Epiros ...are the town of Leucas and the Achelous River. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.54  In Epiros nothing is better known than the Ambracian Gulf. The gulf, which lets in a...

Epiros

78 22.5,37.5,0 Magnesia ...in Thessaly nowadays Larissa is best known, but in the old days Iolcos was; in Magnesia, Antronia; in Phthiotis, Phthia; [...]; in Locris, Cynos and Calliaros...

Magnesia

81 22.75,39.75,0 Orchomenos ...ring Arcadia on all sides; in Arcadia are the cities of Psophis, Tegea, and Orchomenos, along with Mt Pholoe, Mt. Cyllene, Mt. Parthenius, and Mt. Maenalus and...

Orchomenos

78 22.31536,37.724716,0 Pholoe ...in Arcadia are the cities of Psophis, Tegea, and Orchomenos, along with Mt Pholoe, Mt. Cyllene, Mt. Parthenius, and Mt. Maenalus and...

Pholoe

77 21.7408,37.75407,0 Tegea ...ring Arcadia on all sides; in Arcadia are the cities of Psophis, Tegea, and Orchomenos, along with Mt Pholoe, Mt. Cyllene, Mt. Parthenius, and...

Tegea

67 22.429,37.464,0 Scyllaeon ...as we have noted: from the east, Bucephalos, Chersonessus, and Scyllaeon; to the south, Malea, Taenaros, Acritas, and Ichthys; to the...

Scyllaeon

65 23.523,37.435,0 Piraeus ...now with its front to the sea, the same way it did previously with its side. Piraeus, Athens' port, is there, as well as the Scironian Rocks, infamous once upon a...

Piraeus

79 23.6559,37.9406,0 Pamisus ...what we called the Acherusian Cave on the Pontus, in the Gulf of Asine is the Pamisus River; on the Gulf of Cyparissos is the Alpheus River. A city located on the...

Pamisus

80 Taenaros ...Gulf of Argolis; between Malea and Taenaros, the Laconian Gulf; between Taenaros and Akritas, the Gulf of Asine; between Akritas and Ichthys, the Gulf of...

Taenaros

74 22.4866293,36.401551,0 Eurotas ...and the well-known town of Lerna; on the Laconian Gulf are Gythium and the Eurotas; on Cape Taenaros itself is a temple and a cave of Neptune, similar in...

Eurotas

77 22.3334931,37.1615197,0 Inachus ...Date: -1 LA § 2.51  On the Argolic Gulf are the well-known Erasinus and Inachus Rivers and the well-known town of Lerna; on the Laconian Gulf are Gythium and...

Inachus

74 22.75,37.75,0 Gythium ...and the well-known town of Lerna; on the Laconian Gulf are Gythium and the Eurotas; on Cape Taenaros itself is a temple and a cave of Neptune...

Gythium

61 22.562341,36.763663,0 Asine ...and legend to what we called the Acherusian Cave on the Pontus, in the Gulf of Asine is the Pamisus River; on the Gulf of Cyparissos is the Alpheus River. A city...

Asine

81 22.75,36.75,0 Timavus ...shores, by contrast, Concordia is next after Tergeste. Between them flows the Timavus, which rises from nine heads but debouches through a single mouth. Then, not...

Timavus

80 13.5811,45.780034,0 Illyricum ...located in the deepest part of the Adriatic Gulf, is the boundary of Illyricum. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.58  ITALY About Italy a few things will be said, more...

Illyricum

71 17.964516466666666,42.42714848333334,0 Aquileia ...a single mouth. Then, not far from the sea, the Natiso River runs beside rich Aquileia. Farther on is Altinum. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.62  The Padus occupies the upper...

Aquileia

80 13.370946,45.769631,0 Mutina ...far from the sea, the wealthiest are, to the left side, Antenor's Patavium, Mutina, and Bononia, colonies of the Romans; to the right, Capua, founded by...

Mutina

78 10.9252,44.6471,0 Tarentus ...between the promontory of the Salentines and Point Lacinium, and on it are Tarentus, Metapontum, Heraclea, Croton, and Thurium. Second is the Bay of Scyllaceum...

Tarentus

77 17.228553,40.476034,0 Valetium ...and Rudiae, renowned for Ennius; and at this point in Calabria are Brundisium, Valetium, Lupiae, and Mt. Hydrus, then the Sallentine Fields, the coast of Sallentum...

Valetium

81 18.03247,40.50866,0 Metaurum ...and Locri. In Bruttium are Columna Rhegia, Rhegium, Scylla, Taurianum, and Metaurum. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.69  From here there is a bend to the Tuscan Sea and the...

Metaurum

77 15.89909,38.42824,0 Neapolis ...the Bay of Puteoli, Syrrentum, Herculaneum, a view of Mt. Vesuvius, Pompeii, Neapolis, Puteoli, the Lucrine Lake and Avernus, Baiae, Misenum (the name of a place...

Neapolis

79 Pithecusa ...burn with uninterrupted flame. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.121  But to move on, Pithecusa, Leucothea, Aenaria, Sidonia, Capreae, Prochyta, Pandateria, Sinonia...

Pithecusa

76 13.9,40.716667,0 Gaulos ...is the island of Aeaee, which Calypso reportedly inhabited; toward Africa, Gaulos, Melita, and Cossura; nearer Italy, Galata and those seven that they call...

Gaulos

77 14.2925337,36.0196276,0 Olintigi ...bay curves all the way to the province's boundary, and the small towns of Olintigi, Onoba , and Laepa line it. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.6  By contrast, on the other...

Olintigi

76 -6.248394,37.305179,0 Lambriaca ...flow through their territory. The bend itself includes the city of Lambriaca and receives the Laeros and Ulla Rivers. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.11  The...

Lambriaca

69 Adrobrica ...mouth but encloses it with its not-so-narrow grasp; it rings the city of Adrobrica and the mouths of four rivers. Two mouths are little known even among locals...

Adrobrica

75 Salia ...land previously undistinguished. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.14  From what they call Salia River, though, the coast begins to recede gradually, and the breadth of...

Salia

81 -5.5,43.5,0 Scandinavia ...opposite Germany in what we have called Codanus Bay; of the islands there, Scandinavia, which the Teutoni still hold, stands out as much for its size as for its...

Scandinavia

77 7.5,62.5,0 Codanus ...the Albis. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.31  On the other side of the Albis, the huge Codanus Bay is filled with big and small islands. For this reason, where the sea is...

Codanus

80 7.5,54.5,0 Vistula ...wider to the interior than toward the sea, is separated by the Vistula River from the places that follow, and where the river reaches in, it goes all...

Vistula

65 18.951944,54.361667,0 Haemodes ...the Indus are rivers. The Ganges originates from many sources in the Haemodes Range, and as soon as it has formed a single bed, it becomes the greatest of...

Haemodes

71 77.5,32.5,0 Armenia ...and once it is taken by banks, it is swift and roaring and goes west through Armenia and Cappadocia, on its way to Our Seas if the Taurus did not stop it. Event...

Armenia

79 42.5,37.5,0 Berenice ...and Point Coloba, Philoteris and Ptolemais; farther on, Arsinoe and the other Berenice; then a forest that produces the ebony tree and perfumes; and then a man-made...

Berenice

80 20.091198,32.109789,0 Britannic Ocean ...and the Pontus in the east; in the west the Atlantic; to the north the Britannic Ocean. Its coastline is the form of the littoral from the Tanai's to the Hellespont...

Britannic Ocean

73 Atlantic ...The Numidians and Moors hold the remainder, but the Moors are exposed to the Atlantic Ocean. Beyond these coastal peoples, the Nigritae and the Pharusii are found...

Atlantic

79 -95.01388,41.4036,0 Atlantic ...as the moon waxes and wanes. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.3  IBERIAN PENINSULA The Atlantic and the line of Baetica's oceanfront receive those who travel this way and...

Atlantic

78 -95.01388,41.4036,0 Macedonia ...already mentioned). From here Thrace stretches into part of the Aegean, and Macedonia is joined to it. Then Greece protrudes and divides the Aegean from the Ionian...

Macedonia

78 21.75,41.25,0 Aegean ...territory runs up to the Isthmos, which gets its name because the Aegean Sea, being at a remove of four miles from the Ionian Sea, ties...

Aegean

68 Propontis ...Where it is constricted for the first time, it is called the Hellespont; then Propontis where it spreads out; where it compresses itself again, the Thracian Bosphorus...

Propontis

80 28.2499999,40.6666672,0 Propontis ...of the Swamp back to the curve of the Pontus, and [c] where it lies beside Propontis and Hellespont with its shore. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.16  From there to the...

Propontis

77 28.2499999,40.6666672,0 Pontus ...for use as flour. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.98  There are a few islands in the Pontus also. Leuce is thrust up opposite the mouth of the Borysthenes. It is...

Pontus

77 Pontus ...then Tomoe, Caria Port, and Cape Tiristis. The second angle of the Pontus receives those who go past this promontory — that is, the angle opposite to the...

Pontus

69 Pontus ...now running sideways to the Cimmerian Bosphorus, is enclosed both by the Pontus and by the Maeotis. Event Date: -1 LA § 2.3  The Satarchae occupy the area that...

Pontus

75 Pontus ...where it has its opening, and at the nearer end it is virtually similar to the Pontus in size. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.114  The Maeotici cultivate the shore that...

Pontus

81 Pontus ...with somewhat gentler nations. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.102  Here now the mighty Pontus opens out, and it extends to both the near and far sides in a long and straight...

Pontus

80 Pontus ...The divinity of the temple is Jupiter, its founder Jason. Here now the mighty Pontus opens out, and it extends to both the near and far sides in a long and straight...

Pontus

80 Bosphorus ...it spreads out; where it compresses itself again, the Thracian Bosphorus; where it widens again, the Pontus Euxinus. Where it comes into contact with...

Bosphorus

65 29.075278,41.119444,0 Zilia River ...which is right on the Lixus River. Farther on is the colony of Zilia, and the Zilia River, and the place we started from, Point Ampelusia, which now turns into Our...

Zilia River

80 -5.75,35.75,0 Atlantic coastline ...now turns into Our Strait, which is the terminus both of this work and of the Atlantic coastline. ENDORSEMENT: POMPONIUS MELA'S THREE BOOKS ON CHOROGRAPHY HAVE BEEN COPIED OUT...

Atlantic coastline

80 Aethiopians ...the Nigritae and the Pharusii are found all the way to the Aethiopians. These Aethiopians possess both the rest of this eastern coast and the whole coast that looks...

Aethiopians

80 38.721522,14.125005,0 Aethiopians ...around with its face very much to the ground. This animal is born among these Aethiopians and is even worthier of report because of its unique power, namely, that to...

Aethiopians

80 38.721522,14.125005,0 Aethiopians ...begins the oceanfront that faces west and is bathed by the Atlantic Ocean. The Aethiopians take up its first part, but no one takes up the middle, which is either...

Aethiopians

81 38.721522,14.125005,0 Ariane ...are forestalled by the cold. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.12  Next to the Indians is Ariane, then Aria and Cedrosis and Persis up to the Persian Gulf. The Persian peoples...

Ariane

80 37.790778,39.155572,0 Syria ...and Sophene. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.63  It is Palestine at the point where Syria abuts the Arabs, then Phoenicia, and then — where it...

Syria

76 37.5,37.5,0 Arabia ...and admits Port Azotus as a trading place for their own wares. On this side Arabia rises to a great height, being so elevated that, from the mountaintop, sunrise...

Arabia

78 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...between both seas surrounds the other shore of the Persian Gulf. It is called Arabia Eudaemon and it is narrow but very productive of cinnamon, incense, and other...

Arabia

80 45.5,29.5,0 Cilicia ...once the boundary of the kingdom of Sarpedon, and Anemurium, which separates Cilicia from Pamphylia. Between them lie Celenderis and Nagidos, colonies of...

Cilicia

79 35.75,38.25,0 Cilicia ...point where Syria abuts the Arabs, then Phoenicia, and then — where it reaches Cilicia — Antiochia, which was powerful long ago and for a long time, but which was...

Cilicia

81 35.75,38.25,0 Pamphylia ...but Celenderis is the one nearer to Sarpedon. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.78  Pamphylia In Pamphylia are the navigable Melas River, the town of Sida, and a second...

Pamphylia

74 Aeolis ...the last city of Ionia. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.90  The next region became Aeolis from the time when it began to be cultivated by Aeolians. It was previously...

Aeolis

75 26.950801749999997,38.846442875,0 Fortunate Isles ...even holds them up. Event Date: -1 LA § 3.102  Opposite the sandy part, the Fortunate Isles abound in spontaneously generated plants; and with various ones always...

Fortunate Isles

78 Banasa ...the wealthiest among small ones, are considered to be Gilda, Volubilis, and Banasa, all far from Ocean, but nearer to it Sala and Lixos , which is right on the...

Banasa

78 -6.115434,34.60192,0 Tanais ...name, the Pontici. Beside the Maeotic Lake are found the Maeotici; beside the Tanais, the Sauromatae. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.15  Europe For terminal points Europe...

Tanais

80 Tanais ...except for those who have killed an enemy. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.115  The Tanais itself, falling from the Riphaean Mountains, rushes so precipitously that it...

Tanais

76 Tanais ...of the Maeotis, and, hugging the edge of the very Maeotis all the way to the Tanais, it becomes the riverbank where the Tanais is located. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Tanais

79 Tanais ...the Tanais and the Nile, the whole earth is divided into three parts. The Tanais, descending from north to south, flows down almost into the middle of Maeotis...

Tanais

76 Hellespont ...different places. Where it is constricted for the first time, it is called the Hellespont; then Propontis where it spreads out; where it compresses itself again, the...

Hellespont

81 Gaetuli ...in citron, terebinth, and ivory. Not even the coasts of the Nigritae and the Gaetuli, who are quite nomadic, are infertile. Those coasts are very famous for purple...

Gaetuli

79 9.5,33.5,0 Rusigada ...number and likeness to one another, then the Tumuada River, the small towns of Rusigada and Siga; and Portus Magnus, so called because of its expanse. That river...

Rusigada

81 6.904959,36.879641,0 Numidia ...of kingdoms, those of Bocchus and Jugurtha. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.30  Numidia Numidia, which spreads from there to the banks of the Ampsacus River, is actually...

Numidia

80 2.1918495,36.607057999999995,0 Cirta ...widely cultivated and richer. Of the cities that it contains, the largest are Cirta and Iol. Cirta is far from the sea and is now a colony of the Sittiani, but...

Cirta

80 6.612555,36.368187,0 Quiza ...of the coast — are the towns of Cartinna and Arsinna, the garrison town of Quiza, Laturus Gulf, and the Sardabale River. On its far side is the common tomb of...

Quiza

77 0.26658,36.025896,0 Iol ...and richer. Of the cities that it contains, the largest are Cirta and Iol. Cirta is far from the sea and is now a colony of the Sittiani, but once it was...

Iol

72 2.186828,36.607284,0 Castra Delia ...of Hippo, because the town is located on its shoreline. In the other gulf are Castra Delia, Castra Cornelia, the Bagrada [Mejerda) River, Utica, and Carthage...

Castra Delia

80 10.2158515,37.168499,0 Leptis ...ancestors' claims than for the wealth of its present inhabitants. Hadrumetum, Leptis, Habromacte, Phyre, and Neapolis, the most widely known cities vis-a-vis other...

Leptis

80 10.866332,35.678102,0 Utica ...the other gulf are Castra Delia, Castra Cornelia, the Bagrada [Mejerda) River, Utica, and Carthage. Both Utica and Carthage are famous, and both were founded...

Utica

81 9.5,37.0,0 Oea ...compete among themselves. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.37  Farther on is the town of Oea and the Cinyps [Khane) River, which descends through the lushest fields; then a...

Oea

80 13.175786,32.899895,0 Carthage ...taken their name from the brothers Philaeni, who were sent from Carthage to meet certain Cyrenaeans in order to end by treaty a border war that had been...

Carthage

66 10.314578,36.8562215,0 Paraetonium ...-1 LA § 1.40  Along the shore are found Zephyrium Point and Naustathmus, Port Paraetonium, the cities of Hesperia, Apollonia, and Arsinoe; and also Cyrene itself, from...

Paraetonium

80 27.236943,31.350247,0 Apollonia ...and Naustathmus, Port Paraetonium, the cities of Hesperia, Apollonia, and Arsinoe; and also Cyrene itself, from which the region takes its name...

Apollonia

61 21.970535,32.902411,0 Zephyrium ...it is boiling hot again. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.40  Along the shore are found Zephyrium Point and Naustathmus, Port Paraetonium, the cities of Hesperia, Apollonia...

Zephyrium

79 16.14501,38.03955,0 Moeris ...four iugera of ground at its base and is erected to an equivalent height. Moeris, once a plain, now a lake accommodating a circumference of twenty miles, is...

Moeris

76 30.580833,29.453611,0 Tachempso ...from which it rushes out in steep cataracts, then embraces a second island, Tachempso, and runs down, still rough and seething, all the way to Elephantine, a city...

Tachempso

78 32.69747,23.05605,0 Bubastis ...The most famous of those cities far from the sea are Safe, Memphis, Syene, Bubastis, Elephantine, and, in particular, Thebes, which, as stated by Homer, has one...

Bubastis

77 Judaea ...names in different places. For example, it is called Coele Syria, Mesopotamia, Judaea, Commagene, and Sophene. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.63  It is Palestine at the point...

Judaea

81 35.25,31.66667,0 Commagene ...different places. For example, it is called Coele Syria, Mesopotamia, Judaea, Commagene, and Sophene. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.63  It is Palestine at the point...

Commagene

80 37.9555335,36.526222,0 Tyre ...sovereignty and the art of battle. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.66  In Phoenicia is Tyre, once an island, but now tied to the mainland, because siegeworks were thrown...

Tyre

79 35.209358,33.268071,0 35.19389,33.27333,0 Iope ...here both riches and the money for war. Ascalon is no less important a city. Iope was founded, as they tell it, before the flood, Iope is where the locals claim...

Iope

79 34.752119,32.053722,0 Lycos ...and Rhosos, as well as the rivers that go between these cities, the Lycos, the Hypatos, and the Orontes; then comes Mt. Amanus and, right after...

Lycos

70 35.61412456419798,33.94857134215221,0 Issos ...city, but then it was famous because of its mighty city. The place was Issos, and that is why the gulf is called the Gulf of Issos. At a distance from there...

Issos

73 36.166038,36.589023,0 Orontes ...as the rivers that go between these cities, the Lycos, the Hypatos, and the Orontes; then comes Mt. Amanus and, right after it, Myriandros and the Cilicians. Event...

Orontes

78 36.4825754,35.2728339,0 Pamphylia ...of the kingdom of Sarpedon, and Anemurium, which separates Cilicia from Pamphylia. Between them lie Celenderis and Nagidos, colonies of the Samians...

Pamphylia

74 32.5,37.5,0 Pompeiopolis ...later occupied by pirates when Pompey allotted it to them; now called Pompeiopolis, then called Soloe. Beside it, in a small mound, the funerary monument of the...

Pompeiopolis

72 34.210095,41.510056,0 Corycos ...why — rocks that are hurled on it burst apart. Not far from here the town of Corycos, which is tied to the continent by a narrow ridge, is surrounded by a harbor...

Corycos

79 26.5880556,38.1997222,0 Patara ...come the Limyra River and the city that is its namesake. Except for Patara, the towns are as unresplendent as they are numerous. The temple of Apollo...

Patara

70 39.648355,40.543937,0 Pamphylia ...Sardemisos and Phaselis, which was founded by Mopsus and marks the boundary of Pamphylia. Event Date: -1 LA § 1.80  Lycia Moving right along, Lycia, named for...

Pamphylia

81 32.5,37.5,0 Phaselis ...whom they name after the town. Across those same rivers are Mt. Sardemisos and Phaselis, which was founded by Mopsus and marks the boundary of Pamphylia. Event Date...

Phaselis

81 30.551573,36.524579,0 Perga ...its name because it makes waterfalls. Between those rivers are the town of Perga and the temple of Pergaean Diana, whom they name after the town. Across those...

Perga

77 Cragus ...known. Farther on are the Xanthus River, the town of Xanthos, Mt. Cragus, and the city that bounds Lycia, Telmesos. Event Date: -1 LA §...

Cragus

68 32.43086,36.17112,0 Pedalion ...other peoples' wars for pay. There are some forts here; then two promontories, Pedalion and Crya; and after the Calbis River, the town of Caunus, infamous for the ill...

Pedalion

81 28.85246,36.59971,0 Gelos ...following places are located: a few Rhodian colonies and two harbors, Gelos and the one called Thyssanusa after the city it surrounds. Between those...

Gelos

72 28.077022,36.601967,0 Thymnias ...the Hill of Pandion, which extends into the sea; then three gulfs, in order, Thymnias, Schoenus, and Bubassius. Thymnias' promontory is Point...

Thymnias

79 28.25,36.75,0 Maeander ...talents of its other citizens. The city of Hippis is the outlet of the Maeander River, and Mt. Latmus is known for the legend of Endymion, deeply loved, as...

Maeander

73 27.4713446,37.6220196,0 Caruanda ...the following places: the coast of Leuca; the cities of Myndos, Caruanda, and Neapolis; the Iasian and Basilic Gulfs. Bargylos is on...

Caruanda

66 27.378,37.1263,0 Priene ...1.87  After that, bending in again, the coastline goes around the city of Priene and the mouth of the Gaesus River, and then, the bigger its circuit, the more...

Priene

76 27.298333,37.66,0 Smyrna ...because with its other side it makes another gulf, which they call the Gulf of Smyrna, and because it extends its remaining portions over a wider expanse after a...

Smyrna

81 26.85488,38.55937,0 Panionium ...the Gaesus River, and then, the bigger its circuit, the more it embraces. The Panionium is there. It is a sacred district and, for that reason is so designated because...

Panionium

80 27.329993,37.703924,0 Phygela ...founded by fugitives, as they say (and the name agrees with the report.- is Phygela. Ephesus is there, and the most renowned temple of Diana, which the Amazons...

Phygela

78 27.263729000000012,37.862209,0 Chrysa ...the plain, Thebe by name, contains the adjacent towns Adramytion, Astura, and Chrysa (in the same order as named), and it contains Antandrus on the other...

Chrysa

80 26.082881,39.521256,0