1. O
Darius O
and O
Parysatis O
had O
two O
sons O
born O
to O
them O
of O
whom O
the O
elder O
was O
Artaxerxes O
and O
the O
younger O
Cyrus.1 O
Now O
when O
Darius O
lay O
sick O
and O
suspected O
that O
the O
end O
of O
his O
life O
was O
near O
he O
wished O
to O
have O
both O
his O
sons O
with O
him. O
[2] O
The O
elder O
as O
it O
chanced O
was O
with O
him O
already; O
but O
Cyrus O
he O
summoned O
from O
the O
province O
over O
which O
he O
had O
made O
him O
satrap O
and O
he O
had O
also O
appointed O
him O
commander O
of O
all O
the O
forces O
that O
muster O
in O
the O
plain O
of B-LOC
Castolus.2 I-LOC
Cyrus I-LOC
accordingly O
went O
up3 O
to O
his O
father O
taking O
with O
him O
Tissaphernes O
as O
a O
friend O
and O
accompanied O
by O
three O
hundred O
Greek O
hoplites O
4 O
under O
the O
command O
of O
Xenias O
of O
Parrhasia. O
[3] B-LOC
When I-LOC
Darius O
had O
died O
and O
Artaxerxes O
had O
become O
established O
as O
king O
Tissaphernes O
falsely O
accused O
Cyrus O
to O
his O
brother O
of O
plotting O
against O
him. O
And O
Artaxerxes O
believing O
the O
accusation O
arrested O
Cyrus O
with O
the O
intention O
of O
putting O
him O
to O
death; O
his O
mother O
however O
made O
intercession O
for O
him O
and O
sent O
him O
back O
again O
to O
his O
province. O
[4] O
Now O
when O
Cyrus O
had O
thus O
returned O
after O
his O
danger O
and O
disgrace O
he O
set O
about O
planning O
that O
he O
might O
never O
again O
be O
in O
the O
power O
of O
his O
brother O
but O
if O
possible O
might O
be O
king O
in O
his O
stead. O
He O
had O
in O
the O
first O
place O
the O
support O
of O
Parysatis O
his O
mother O
for O
she O
loved O
him O
better O
than O
the O
son O
who O
was O
king O
Artaxerxes. O
[5] O
Again O
when O
any O
of O
the O
King's O
court O
came O
to O
visit O
him O
he O
treated O
them O
all O
in O
such O
a O
way O
that O
when O
he O
sent O
them O
back O
they O
were O
more O
devoted O
to O
him O
than O
to O
the O
King. O
He O
also O
took O
care O
that O
the O
barbarians5 O
of O
his O
own O
province O
should O
be O
capable O
soldiers O
and O
should O
feel O
kindly O
toward O
him. O
[6] O
Lastly O
as O
regards O
his O
Greek O
force O
he O
proceeded O
to O
collect O
it O
with O
the O
utmost O
secrecy O
so O
that O
he O
might O
take O
the O
King O
as O
completely O
unprepared O
as O
possible. O
It O
was O
in O
the O
following O
way O
then O
that O
he O
gathered O
this O
force O
In O
the O
first O
place O
he O
sent O
orders O
to O
the O
commanders O
of O
all O
the O
garrisons O
he O
had O
in O
the O
cities O
to O
enlist O
as O
many O
Peloponnesian O
soldiers O
of O
the O
best O
sort B-LOC
as I-LOC
they I-LOC
severally O
could O
on O
the O
plea O
that O
Tissaphernes O
had O
designs O
upon O
their O
cities. O
For O
in O
fact O
the O
Ionian O
cities O
had O
originally O
belonged O
to O
Tissaphernes O
by O
gift O
of O
the O
King O
6 O
but O
at O
that O
time O
all O
of O
them O
except O
Miletus O
had O
revolted O
and O
gone O
over O
to O
Cyrus. O
[7] B-LOC
The O
people O
of O
Miletus O
also O
were O
planning O
to O
do O
the O
very B-LOC
same I-LOC
thing O
namely O
to O
go O
over O
to O
Cyrus O
but O
Tissaphernes O
finding O
out O
about O
it O
in O
time O
put O
some O
of O
them O
to O
death O
and O
banished O
others. O
Cyrus O
thereupon O
took O
the O
exiles O
under O
his O
protection O
collected O
an O
army O
and O
laid O
siege O
to O
Miletus O
both O
by O
land O
and O
by O
sea O
and O
endeavoured O
to B-LOC
restore I-LOC
the O
exiles O
to O
their O
city; O
and O
this O
again O
made O
him O
another O
pretext O
for O
gathering O
an O
army. O
[8] O
Meanwhile O
he O
sent O
to O
the O
King O
and O
urged O
on O
the O
ground O
that O
he O
was O
his O
brother O
that O
these O
Ionian O
cities O
should O
be O
given O
to O
him O
instead O
of O
remaining O
under O
the O
rule O
of O
Tissaphernes O
and O
his O
mother O
co O
operated O
with O
him O
in O
this. O
The O
result O
was O
that O
the O
King O
failed O
to O
perceive O
the O
plot O
against O
himself O
but O
believed O
that O
Cyrus O
was O
spending O
money O
on O
his O
troops O
because O
he O
was O
at O
war O
with O
Tissaphernes. O
Consequently O
he O
was O
not O
at O
all O
displeased O
at O
their O
being O
at O
war O
the O
less O
so O
because O
Cyrus O
regularly O
remitted O
to O
the O
King O
the O
tribute O
which O
came O
in O
from O
the O
cities O
he O
chanced O
to O
have O
that O
belonged O
to O
Tissaphernes. O
[9] O
Still O
another O
army O
was O
being O
collected O
for O
him O
in O
the O
Chersonese O
which O
is O
opposite O
Abydus O
in O
the O
following O
manner O
Clearchus7 O
was O
a O
Lacedaemonian O
exile; O
Cyrus O
making O
his O
acquaintance O
came O
to O
admire O
him O
and O
gave O
him O
ten O
thousand O
darics.8 O
And O
Clearchus O
taking O
the O
gold O
collected O
an O
army O
by O
means O
of O
this O
money O
and O
using O
the O
Chersonese O
as O
a O
base O
of O
operations O
proceeded O
to O
make O
war O
upon O
the O
Thracians O
who O
dwell O
beyond O
the O
Hellespont O
thereby O
aiding O
the O
Greeks.9 O
Consequently O
the O
Hellespontine O
cities B-LOC
of O
their O
own O
free O
will B-LOC
sent I-LOC
Clearchus O
contributions O
of O
money O
for O
the O
support O
of O
his O
troops. O
So O
it O
was O
that O
this O
army O
also O
was O
being O
secretly O
maintained O
for O
Cyrus. O
[10] O
Again O
Aristippus O
the O
Thessalian O
chanced O
to O
be O
a O
friend O
of O
Cyrus O
and O
since O
he O
was O
hard O
pressed B-LOC
by I-LOC
his I-LOC
political O
opponents O
at O
home O
he O
came O
to O
Cyrus O
and O
asked O
him O
for O
three O
months' O
pay O
for O
two O
thousand O
mercenaries O
urging O
that O
in O
this O
way O
he O
should O
get O
the O
better O
of O
his O
opponents. O
And O
Cyrus O
gave O
him O
six O
months' O
pay O
for O
four O
thousand O
and O
requested O
him O
not O
to O
come O
to O
terms O
with O
his O
opponents O
until O
he O
had O
consulted O
with O
him. O
Thus O
the O
army O
in O
Thessaly O
again O
was O
being O
secretly O
maintained O
for O
him. O
[11] O
Furthermore O
Cyrus O
directed B-LOC
Proxenus O
the O
Boeotian O
who O
was O
a O
friend O
of O
his O
to O
come O
to O
him O
with O
as O
many O
men O
as O
he O
could O
get B-LOC
saying I-LOC
that O
he O
wished O
to O
undertake O
a O
campaign O
against O
the O
Pisidians O
because O
as O
he O
said O
they O
were O
causing O
trouble O
to O
his O
province. O
He O
also O
directed B-LOC
Sophaenetus O
the O
Stymphalian O
and O
Socrates O
the O
Achaean O
who O
were O
likewise O
friends O
of O
his O
to O
come O
with O
as O
many O
men O
as O
they O
could O
get O
saying O
that O
he O
intended O
to O
make O
war O
upon O
Tissaphernes O
with O
the O
aid O
of O
the O
Milesian O
exiles; O
and O
they O
proceeded O
to O
carry O
out O
his O
directions. O
2. O
When O
he O
thought O
the O
time O
had O
come O
to O
begin O
his O
upward10 O
march O
the O
pretext O
he O
offered O
was O
that O
he O
wished O
to O
drive O
the O
Pisidians O
out O
of O
his O
land O
entirely O
and O
it O
was O
avowedly O
against O
them O
that O
he O
set O
about O
collecting O
both O
his O
barbarian O
and O
his O
Greek O
troops. O
At O
that O
time O
he O
also O
sent O
word O
to O
Clearchus O
to O
come O
to O
him O
with O
the O
entire O
army O
which O
he O
had O
and O
to O
Aristippus O
to O
effect O
a O
reconciliation O
with O
his O
adversaries O
at O
home O
and O
send O
him O
the O
army O
which O
he O
had; O
and O
he O
sent O
word O
to O
Xenias O
the O
Arcadian O
who O
commanded O
for O
him O
the O
mercenary O
force O
in O
the O
cities O
11 O
to O
come O
with O
his O
troops O
leaving O
behind O
only O
so O
many O
as O
were O
necessary O
to O
garrison O
the O
citadels. O
[2] O
He O
likewise O
summoned O
the O
troops O
which O
were O
besieging O
Miletus O
and O
urged O
the O
Milesian O
exiles O
to O
take O
the O
field O
with O
him O
promising O
them O
that O
if O
he O
should B-LOC
successfully O
accomplish O
the O
object O
for O
which O
he O
was O
taking O
the O
field O
he O
would O
not O
stop O
until O
he O
had O
restored O
them O
to O
their O
homes. O
And O
they O
gladly O
obeyed—for O
they O
trusted O
him—and O
presented O
themselves O
under O
arms O
at O
Sardis. O
[3] O
Xenias O
then O
arrived O
at O
Sardis O
with O
the O
troops O
from O
the O
cities O
who O
were O
hoplites O
to O
the O
number B-LOC
of O
four O
thousand; O
Proxenus O
was O
there B-LOC
with O
hoplites O
to O
the O
number O
of O
fifteen O
hundred O
and O
five O
hundred O
light O
armed O
troops; O
Sophaenetus O
the O
Stymphalian O
with O
a O
thousand O
hoplites; O
Socrates O
the O
Achaean O
with O
about O
five O
hundred O
hoplites; O
and O
Pasion O
the O
Megarian O
arrived O
with O
three O
hundred O
hoplites O
and O
three O
hundred O
peltasts.12 O
The O
last O
named O
and O
Socrates O
also O
belonged O
to O
the O
force O
that O
had O
been O
engaged O
in O
besieging O
Miletus. O
All O
these O
came O
to O
Cyrus O
at O
Sardis. O
[4] O
Meanwhile O
Tissaphernes O
had O
taken O
note O
of O
these O
proceedings O
and B-LOC
come O
to O
the O
conclusion O
that O
Cyrus' O
preparations O
were O
too O
extensive O
to O
be O
against O
the O
Pisidians; O
he O
accordingly O
made O
his O
way O
to O
the O
King O
as O
quickly O
as O
he O
could O
with O
about O
five O
hundred O
horsemen. O
[5] B-LOC
And I-LOC
when O
the O
King O
heard O
from O
Tissaphernes O
about O
Cyrus' O
array O
he O
set O
about O
making O
counter O
preparations. O
Cyrus O
was O
now O
setting O
forth O
from O
Sardis O
with O
the O
troops O
I O
have O
mentioned; O
and O
he O
marched O
through O
Lydia O
three O
stages O
13 O
a O
distance O
of O
twenty O
two O
parasangs B-LOC
14 O
to O
the O
Maeander O
river. O
The O
width O
of O
this O
river O
was O
two B-LOC
plethra O
15 O
and O
there O
was O
a O
bridge O
over O
it O
made O
of O
seven O
boats. O
[6] B-LOC
After I-LOC
crossing I-LOC
the O
Maeander O
he O
marched O
through O
Phrygia O
one O
stage O
a O
distance O
of O
eight O
parasangs O
to O
Colossae O
an O
inhabited16 O
city O
prosperous O
and O
large. O
There O
he O
remained O
seven O
days; O
and O
Menon17 O
the O
Thessalian O
arrived O
with O
a O
thousand O
hoplites O
and O
five O
hundred O
peltasts O
consisting O
of O
Dolopians O
Aenianians O
and O
Olynthians. B-LOC
[7] I-LOC
Thence O
he O
marched O
three O
stages O
twenty O
parasangs O
to O
Celaenae O
an O
inhabited O
city O
of O
Phrygia O
large O
and O
prosperous. O
There O
Cyrus O
had O
a O
palace O
and O
a O
large O
park O
full O
of O
wild O
animals O
which O
he O
used O
to O
hunt O
on O
horseback O
whenever O
he O
wished O
to O
give O
himself O
and O
his O
horses O
exercise. O
Through O
the O
middle O
of O
this O
park O
flows O
the O
Maeander O
river; O
its O
sources O
are O
beneath O
the O
palace O
and O
it O
flows O
through O
the O
city O
of O
Celaenae O
also. O
[8] O
There O
is O
likewise O
a O
palace O
of O
the O
Great O
King18 O
in O
Celaenae O
strongly O
fortified O
and O
situated O
at O
the O
foot O
of O
the O
Acropolis O
over O
the O
sources O
of O
the O
Marsyas O
river; O
the O
Marsyas O
also O
flows O
through O
the O
city O
and O
empties O
into O
the O
Maeander O
and O
its O
width O
is O
twenty O
five O
feet. O
It O
was O
here O
according O
to O
the O
story O
that O
Apollo O
flayed O
Marsyas O
19 O
after O
having O
defeated O
him O
in O
a O
contest O
of O
musical O
skill; O
he O
hung O
up O
his O
skin O
in O
the O
cave O
from O
which O
the O
sources O
issue O
and O
it O
is O
for O
this O
reason O
that O
the O
river O
is O
called O
Marsyas. O
[9] O
It O
was O
here O
also O
report O
has O
it O
that O
Xerxes O
when O
he O
was O
on O
his O
retreat O
from O
Greece O
after O
losing O
the O
famous O
battle O
20 O
built O
the O
palace O
just O
mentioned O
and O
likewise O
the O
citadel O
of O
Celaenae. O
Here O
Cyrus O
remained O
thirty O
days; O
and O
Clearchus O
the O
Lacedaemonian O
exile O
arrived O
with O
a O
thousand O
hoplites O
eight O
hundred O
Thracian O
peltasts O
and O
two O
hundred O
Cretan O
bowmen. O
At O
the O
same O
time O
came O
also O
Sosis O
the O
Syracusan O
with O
three O
hundred O
hoplites O
and O
Agias O
the O
Arcadian O
with O
a O
thousand O
hoplites. O
And O
here O
Cyrus O
held O
a O
review O
and O
made O
an O
enumeration O
of O
the O
Greeks O
in O
the O
park O
and O
they O
amounted O
all O
told O
to O
eleven O
thousand O
hoplites O
and O
about O
two O
thousand O
peltasts.21 O
[10] O
Thence O
he O
marched O
two O
stages B-LOC
ten O
parasangs O
to O
Peltae O
an O
inhabited O
city. O
There O
he O
remained O
three O
days O
during O
which O
time O
Xenias O
the O
Arcadian O
celebrated O
the O
Lycaean22 O
festival O
with O
sacrifice O
and O
held O
games; O
the O
prizes O
were O
golden O
strigils O
and O
Cyrus O
himself O
was O
one O
of O
those O
who O
watched O
the O
games. O
Thence O
he O
marched O
two O
stages O
twelve O
parasangs O
to O
the O
inhabited O
city O
of O
Ceramon O
agora O
23 O
the O
last O
Phrygian O
city O
as O
one O
goes O
toward O
Mysia. O
[11] O
Thence O
he O
marched O
three O
stages O
thirty O
parasangs O
to O
Caystru O
pedion O
24 O
an O
inhabited O
city. O
There O
he O
remained O
five O
days. O
At O
this O
time O
he O
was O
owing O
the O
soldiers O
more O
than O
three O
months' O
pay O
and O
they O
went O
again O
and O
again O
to O
his O
headquarters O
and O
demanded O
what O
was O
due O
them. O
He O
all O
the O
while O
expressed O
hopes O
and O
was O
manifestly O
troubled; O
for O
it O
was O
not O
Cyrus' O
way O
to O
withhold O
payment O
when O
he O
had O
money. O
[12] O
At O
this O
juncture O
arrived O
Epyaxa O
the O
wife O
of O
Syennesis O
the O
king25 O
of O
the O
Cilicians O
coming O
to O
visit O
Cyrus O
and O
the O
story O
was O
that O
she O
gave O
him O
a O
large O
sum O
of O
money; O
at O
any O
rate O
Cyrus O
paid O
the O
troops O
at O
that O
time O
four O
months' O
wages. O
The O
Cilician O
queen O
was O
attended O
by O
a O
body O
guard O
of O
Cilicians O
and O
Aspendians; O
and O
people O
said O
that O
Cyrus O
had O
intimate O
relations O
with O
the O
queen. O
[13] O
Thence O
he O
marched O
two O
stages O
ten O
parasangs O
to O
the O
inhabited O
city O
of O
Thymbrium. O
There O
alongside O
the O
road O
was O
the O
so O
called O
spring O
of O
Midas O
the O
king O
of O
the O
Phrygians O
at O
which O
Midas O
according O
to O
the O
story O
caught O
the O
satyr O
by O
mixing O
wine O
with O
the O
water O
of O
the O
spring.26 O
[14] O
Thence O
he O
marched O
two O
stages O
ten O
parasangs O
to O
Tyriaeum O
an O
inhabited O
city. O
There O
he O
remained O
three O
days. O
And O
the O
Cilician O
queen O
as O
the O
report O
ran O
asked O
Cyrus O
to O
exhibit O
his O
army O
to O
her; O
such O
an O
exhibition O
was O
what O
he O
desired O
to O
make O
and O
accordingly O
he O
held O
a O
review O
of O
the O
Greeks O
and O
the O
barbarians O
on O
the O
plain. O
[15] O
He O
ordered O
the O
Greeks O
to O
form O
their O
lines O
and O
take O
their O
positions O
just O
as O
they O
were O
accustomed O
to O
do O
for O
battle O
each O
general O
marshalling B-LOC
his O
own O
men. O
So O
they O
formed O
the O
line O
four O
deep O
Menon B-LOC
and O
his O
troops O
occupying O
the O
right O
wing O
Clearchus O
and O
his O
troops O
the O
left O
and O
the O
other O
generals O
the O
centre. O
[16] O
Cyrus O
inspected O
the O
barbarians O
first O
and O
they O
marched O
past O
with O
their O
cavalry O
formed O
in O
troops O
and O
their O
infantry O
in O
companies; O
then O
he O
inspected O
the O
Greeks O
driving O
past O
them O
in O
a O
chariot O
the O
Cilician O
queen O
in O
a O
carriage. O
And O
the O
Greeks O
all O
had O
helmets O
of O
bronze O
crimson O
tunics O
and O
greaves O
and O
carried O
their O
shields O
uncovered. O
[17] B-LOC
When O
he O
had O
driven O
past O
them O
all O
he O
halted O
his O
chariot O
in O
front O
of O
the O
centre O
of B-LOC
the O
phalanx O
and O
sending O
his O
interpreter O
Pigres O
to O
the O
generals O
of O
the O
Greeks O
gave O
orders O
that O
the O
troops O
should O
advance O
arms O
and O
the O
phalanx O
move O
forward O
in O
a O
body. O
The O
generals O
transmitted O
these O
orders O
to O
the O
soldiers O
and O
when O
the O
trumpet O
sounded O
they O
advanced B-LOC
arms O
and O
charged. O
And O
then O
as O
they O
went O
on O
faster O
and O
faster O
at O
length O
with O
a O
shout O
the O
troops O
broke O
into O
a O
run O
of O
their O
own O
accord O
in O
the O
direction O
of O
the O
camp. O
[18] O
As O
for O
the O
barbarians O
they O
were O
terribly O
frightened; O
the O
Cilician O
queen O
took O
to O
flight O
in O
her O
carriage O
and O
the O
people O
in O
the O
market27 O
left O
their O
wares O
behind O
and O
took O
to O
their O
heels; O
while O
the O
Greeks O
with O
a O
roar O
of O
laughter O
came O
up O
to O
their O
camp. O
Now O
the O
Cilician O
queen O
was O
filled O
with O
admiration O
at O
beholding O
the O
brilliant O
appearance O
and O
the O
order O
of O
the O
Greek O
army; O
and O
Cyrus O
was O
delighted B-LOC
to O
see O
the O
terror O
with O
which O
the O
Greeks O
inspired O
the O
barbarians. O
[19] O
Thence O
he O
marched O
three O
stages O
twenty O
parasangs O
to O
Iconium O
the O
last O
city O
of O
Phrygia. O
There O
he O
remained O
three O
days. O
Thence O
he O
marched O
through O
Lycaonia O
five O
stages B-LOC
thirty O
parasangs. O
This O
country O
he O
gave O
over O
to O
the O
Greeks O
to O
plunder O
on O
the O
ground O
that O
it O
was O
hostile O
territory.28 O
[20] O
From O
there O
Cyrus O
sent O
the O
Cilician O
queen O
back O
to O
Cilicia O
by O
the O
shortest O
route O
and O
he O
sent O
some O
of O
Menon's O
troops O
to O
escort O
her B-LOC
Menon I-LOC
himself O
commanding O
them. O
With O
the O
rest O
of O
the O
army O
Cyrus O
marched O
through O
Cappadocia O
four O
stages O
twenty O
five O
parasangs O
to O
Dana O
an O
inhabited O
city O
large O
and O
prosperous. O
There O
they O
remained O
three O
days; O
and O
during O
that O
time O
Cyrus O
put O
to O
death O
a O
Persian O
named O
Megaphernes O
who O
was O
a O
wearer O
of O
the O
royal O
purple O
29 O
and O
another O
dignitary O
among O
his O
subordinates O
on O
the O
charge O
that O
they O
were O
plotting O
against O
him. O
[21] O
From O
there O
they O
made O
ready O
to O
try O
to O
enter O
Cilicia. O
Now O
the O
entrance O
was O
by O
a O
wagon O
road O
exceedingly O
steep O
and O
impracticable O
for O
an O
army O
to O
pass O
if O
there O
was O
anybody O
to O
oppose O
it; O
and O
in O
fact O
as O
report O
ran O
Syennesis O
was O
upon O
the O
heights O
guarding O
the O
entrance; O
therefore O
Cyrus O
remained O
for O
a O
day O
in O
the O
plain. O
On O
the O
following O
day O
however O
a O
messenger O
came O
with O
word O
that O
Syennesis O
had O
abandoned O
the O
heights O
because O
he O
had O
learned O
that O
Menon's O
army O
was O
already O
in O
Cilicia O
on O
his O
own O
side O
of O
the O
mountains O
and O
because O
further O
he O
was O
getting O
reports O
that O
triremes O
belonging O
to O
the O
Lacedaemonians30 O
and O
to O
Cyrus O
himself O
were O
sailing O
around O
from O
Ionia O
to O
Cilicia O
under O
the O
command O
of O
Tamos. O
[22] O
At O
any O
rate31 O
Cyrus O
climbed O
the O
mountains O
without O
meeting O
any O
opposition O
and O
saw O
the O
camp O
where O
the O
Cilicians O
had O
been O
keeping O
guard. O
Thence O
he O
descended O
to O
a O
large O
and B-LOC
beautiful I-LOC
plain O
well O
watered O
and O
full O
of O
trees O
of O
all O
sorts O
and O
vines; O
it O
produces O
an O
abundance O
of O
sesame O
millet O
panic O
wheat O
and O
barley O
and O
it O
is O
surrounded O
on O
every O
side O
from O
sea O
to O
sea O
by O
a O
lofty O
and O
formidable O
range O
of O
mountains. O
[23] O
After O
descending O
he O
marched O
through O
this O
plain O
four O
stages O
twenty O
five O
parasangs O
to O
Tarsus O
32 O
a O
large O
and O
prosperous O
city O
of O
Cilicia O
where O
the O
palace O
of O
Syennesis O
the O
king O
of O
the O
Cilicians O
was O
situated; O
and O
through O
the O
middle O
of O
the O
city O
flows O
a O
river O
named O
the O
Cydnus O
two O
plethra O
in O
width. O
[24] O
The O
inhabitants O
of O
this O
city O
had O
abandoned O
it O
and O
fled O
with O
Syennesis O
to O
a O
stronghold O
upon O
the O
mountains—all O
of O
them O
at O
least O
except O
the O
tavern O
keepers; O
and O
there O
remained O
also O
those O
who O
dwelt O
on O
the O
sea O
coast O
in O
Soli O
and O
Issus.33 O
[25] O
Now O
Epyaxa O
the O
wife O
of O
Syennesis O
had O
reached O
Tarsus O
five O
days O
ahead O
of O
Cyrus O
but O
in O
the O
course O
of O
her O
passage O
over O
the O
mountains O
to O
the O
plain O
two O
companies O
of O
Menon's O
army34 O
had O
been O
lost. O
Some O
said O
that O
they O
had O
been O
cut O
to O
pieces O
by O
the O
Cilicians O
while O
engaged O
in O
a O
bit O
of O
plundering; O
another O
story O
was O
that O
they O
had O
been O
left O
behind O
and O
unable O
to O
find O
the O
rest O
of O
the O
army O
or O
the O
roads O
had O
thus O
wandered O
about O
and O
perished; O
at O
any O
rate O
they O
numbered O
a O
hundred O
hoplites. O
[26] O
And O
when O
the O
rest O
of O
Menon's O
troops O
reached O
Tarsus O
in O
their O
anger O
over O
the O
loss O
of O
their O
comrades O
they O
plundered O
thoroughly O
not O
only O
the O
city O
but O
also O
the O
palace O
that O
was O
in O
it. O
As O
for O
Cyrus O
after O
he O
had O
marched O
into O
the O
city O
he O
more O
than O
once O
summoned O
Syennesis O
to O
his O
presence; O
but O
Syennesis O
said O
that O
he O
had O
never O
yet O
put O
himself O
in O
the O
hands O
of O
anyone O
who O
was O
more O
powerful O
than O
he O
was O
and O
he O
would O
not O
now O
put O
himself O
in O
the O
hands O
of O
Cyrus O
until O
his O
wife O
had O
won O
him O
over O
and O
he O
had O
received O
pledges. O
[27] O
When O
the O
two O
men O
finally O
met O
one O
another O
Syennesis O
gave O
Cyrus O
a O
large O
sum O
of O
money O
for O
his O
army O
while O
Cyrus O
gave O
him O
gifts O
which O
are O
regarded O
at O
court35 O
as O
tokens O
of O
honour—a O
horse O
with O
a O
gold O
mounted O
bridle O
a O
gold O
necklace O
and O
bracelets O
a O
gold O
dagger O
and O
a O
Persian O
robe—promising O
him O
further O
that O
his O
land O
should O
not O
be O
plundered O
any O
more O
and O
that O
they O
might O
take O
back O
the O
slaves O
that O
had O
been O
seized O
in O
case O
they O
should O
chance O
upon O
them O
anywhere. O
3. O
Cyrus O
and O
his O
army O
remained O
here O
at O
Tarsus O
twenty O
days O
for O
the O
soldiers O
refused O
to O
go O
any O
farther; O
for O
they O
suspected O
by O
this O
time O
that O
they O
were O
going O
against O
the O
King O
and O
they O
said O
they O
had O
not O
been O
hired O
for O
that. O
Clearchus O
was O
the O
first O
to O
try O
to O
force O
his O
men O
to O
go O
on O
but O
they O
pelted O
him O
and O
his O
pack O
animals O
with O
stones O
as O
often O
as O
they O
began O
to O
go O
forward. O
[2] O
At O
that O
time O
Clearchus O
narrowly O
escaped O
being O
stoned O
to O
death; O
but O
afterwards O
when O
he O
realized O
that O
he O
could O
not O
accomplish O
anything O
by O
force O
he O
called O
a O
meeting O
of O
his O
own O
troops. O
And O
first O
he O
stood O
and O
wept O
for O
a O
long O
time O
while O
his O
men O
watched O
him O
in O
wonder O
and O
were O
silent; O
then O
he O
spoke O
as O
follows O
[3] O
“Fellow O
soldiers O
do O
not O
wonder O
that O
I O
am O
distressed O
at O
the O
present O
situation. O
For O
Cyrus O
became O
my O
friend O
and O
not O
only O
honoured O
me O
an O
exile O
from O
my O
fatherland O
in O
various O
ways O
but O
gave O
me O
ten O
thousand O
darics. O
And O
I O
receiving O
this O
money O
did O
not O
lay O
it O
up O
for O
my O
own O
personal O
use O
or O
squander O
it O
in O
pleasure O
but O
I O
proceeded O
to O
expend O
it O
on O
you. O
[4] O
First O
I O
went O
to O
war O
with O
the O
Thracians O
and O
for O
the O
sake O
of O
Greece O
I O
inflicted O
punishment O
upon O
them O
with O
your O
aid O
driving O
them O
out O
of O
the O
Chersonese O
when O
they O
wanted O
to O
deprive O
the O
Greeks O
who O
dwelt O
there O
of O
their O
land. O
Then O
when O
Cyrus' O
summons O
came O
I O
took O
you O
with O
me O
and O
set O
out O
in O
order O
that O
if O
he O
had O
need O
of O
me O
I O
might O
give O
him O
aid O
in O
return O
for O
the O
benefits O
I O
had O
received O
from O
him. O
[5] O
But O
you O
now O
do O
not O
wish O
to O
continue O
the O
march O
with O
me; O
so O
it O
seems B-LOC
that O
I O
must O
either O
desert O
you O
and O
continue O
to O
enjoy O
Cyrus' O
friendship O
or O
prove O
false O
to O
him O
and O
remain O
with O
you. O
Whether O
I O
shall O
be O
doing O
what O
is O
right O
I O
know O
not O
but O
at O
any O
rate O
I O
shall O
choose O
you O
and O
with O
you O
shall O
suffer O
whatever O
I O
must. O
And O
never O
shall O
any O
man O
say O
that O
I O
after O
leading O
Greeks O
into O
the O
land O
of O
the O
barbarians O
betrayed O
the O
Greeks O
and O
chose O
the O
friendship O
of O
the O
barbarians; O
[6] O
nay O
since O
you O
do O
not O
care O
to O
obey O
me O
I O
shall O
follow O
with O
you O
and O
suffer O
whatever O
I O
must. O
For O
I O
consider O
that O
you O
are O
to O
me O
both O
fatherland O
and O
friends O
and O
allies; O
with O
you O
I O
think B-LOC
I O
shall O
be O
honoured O
wherever O
I O
may O
be O
bereft O
of O
you B-LOC
I O
do O
not O
think O
I O
shall O
be O
able O
either O
to O
aid O
a O
friend O
or O
to O
ward O
off O
a O
foe. O
Be O
sure O
therefore O
that O
wherever O
you O
go O
I O
shall O
go O
also.” O
[7] O
Such O
were O
his O
words. O
And O
the O
soldiers—not O
only O
his O
own O
men O
but O
the O
rest O
also—when O
they O
heard O
that O
he O
said O
he O
would O
not O
go O
on O
to O
the O
King's O
capital O
commended O
him; O
and O
more O
than O
two O
thousand O
of O
the O
troops O
under O
Xenias O
and O
Pasion O
took O
their O
arms O
and O
their O
baggage O
train O
and O
encamped O
with O
Clearchus. O
[8] O
But O
Cyrus O
perplexed O
and O
distressed O
by O
this O
situation O
sent O
repeatedly O
for O
Clearchus. O
Clearchus O
refused O
to O
go O
to O
him O
but O
without O
the O
knowledge O
of O
the O
soldiers O
he O
sent O
a O
messenger O
and O
told O
him O
not O
to O
be O
discouraged O
because O
he O
said O
this O
matter O
would O
be O
settled O
in O
the O
right O
way. O
He O
directed O
Cyrus O
however O
to O
keep O
on O
sending O
for O
him O
though O
he O
himself O
he O
said O
would O
refuse O
to O
go. O
[9] O
After O
this O
Clearchus O
gathered O
together O
his O
own O
soldiers O
those O
who O
had O
come O
over O
to O
him O
and O
any O
others O
who O
wanted O
to O
be O
present O
and O
spoke O
as O
follows O
“Fellow O
soldiers O
it O
is O
clear O
that O
the O
relation O
of O
Cyrus O
to O
us O
is O
precisely O
the O
same O
as O
ours O
to O
him; O
that O
is O
we O
are O
no O
longer O
his O
soldiers O
since O
we O
decline O
to O
follow O
him O
and O
likewise O
he O
is O
no O
longer O
our O
paymaster. O
[10] O
I O
know O
however O
that O
he O
considers O
himself O
wronged O
by O
us. O
Therefore O
although O
he O
keeps O
sending O
for O
me O
I O
decline O
to O
go O
chiefly O
it O
is O
true O
from O
a O
feeling O
of O
shame O
because O
I O
am O
conscious O
that O
I O
have O
proved O
utterly O
false O
to O
him O
but O
besides O
that O
from O
fear O
that O
he O
may O
seize O
me O
and O
inflict O
punishment O
upon O
me O
for O
the O
wrongs O
he O
thinks O
he O
has O
suffered O
at O
my O
hands. O
[11] O
In O
my O
opinion O
therefore O
it O
is O
no O
time O
for O
us O
to O
be O
sleeping O
or O
unconcerned O
about O
ourselves; O
we O
should O
rather O
be O
considering O
what O
course O
we O
ought O
to O
follow O
under O
the O
present O
circumstances. O
And O
so O
long O
as O
we O
remain O
here O
we O
must O
consider O
I O
think O
how O
we O
can O
remain O
most O
safely; O
or O
again O
if O
we O
count O
it O
best O
to O
depart O
at O
once O
how O
we O
are O
to O
depart O
most O
safely O
and O
how O
we O
shall O
secure O
provisions—for O
without O
provisions O
neither O
general O
nor O
private O
is O
of O
any O
use. O
[12] O
And O
remember O
that O
while O
this O
Cyrus O
is O
a O
valuable O
friend O
when O
he O
is O
your O
friend O
he O
is O
a O
most O
dangerous O
foe O
when O
he O
is O
your O
enemy; O
furthermore O
he O
has O
an O
armament—infantry O
and O
cavalry O
and O
fleet—which O
we O
all O
alike O
see O
and O
know O
about; O
for O
I O
take O
it O
that O
our O
camp O
is O
not O
very O
far O
away O
from O
him. O
It O
is O
time O
then O
to O
propose O
whatever O
plan O
any O
one O
of O
you O
deems O
best.” O
With O
these O
words O
he O
ceased O
speaking. O
[13] O
Thereupon O
various O
speakers O
arose O
some O
of O
their O
own O
accord O
to O
express O
the O
opinions O
they O
held O
but O
others O
at O
the O
instigation O
of O
Clearchus O
to O
make O
clear O
the O
difficulty O
of O
either O
remaining O
or O
departing O
without O
the O
consent O
of O
Cyrus. O
[14] O
One O
man O
in O
particular O
pretending O
to O
be O
in O
a O
hurry O
to O
proceed O
back O
to O
Greece O
with O
all O
speed O
proposed O
that O
they O
should O
choose O
other O
generals O
as O
quickly O
as O
possible O
in O
case O
Clearchus O
did O
not O
wish O
to O
lead O
them O
back; O
secondly O
that O
they O
should O
buy O
provisions—the O
market O
was O
in O
the O
barbarian O
army!—and O
pack O
up O
their O
baggage; O
then O
to O
go O
to O
Cyrus O
and O
ask O
for O
vessels O
to O
sail O
away O
in; O
and O
if O
he O
would O
not O
give O
them O
vessels O
to O
ask O
him O
for O
a O
guide O
to O
lead O
them O
homeward O
through O
a O
country O
that O
was O
friendly; O
and O
if O
he O
would O
not O
give O
them O
a O
guide O
either O
to O
form O
in O
line O
of O
battle O
with O
all O
speed O
and O
likewise O
to O
send O
a O
force O
to O
occupy O
the O
mountain O
heights O
in O
advance O
in O
order O
that O
neither O
Cyrus O
nor O
the O
Cilicians O
should O
forestall O
them—“and O
we O
have O
in O
our O
possession O
” O
he O
said O
“many O
of O
these O
Cilicians O
and O
much O
of O
their O
property O
that O
we O
have O
seized O
as O
plunder.” O
Such O
were O
the O
words O
of O
this O
speaker. O
[15] O
After O
him O
Clearchus O
said O
merely O
this O
“Let O
no O
one O
among O
you O
speak O
of O
me O
as O
the O
man O
who O
is O
to O
hold O
this O
command O
for O
I O
see O
many O
reasons O
why O
I O
should O
not O
do O
so; O
say O
rather O
that O
I O
shall O
obey O
to O
the O
best O
of O
my O
ability O
the O
man O
whom O
you O
choose O
in O
order O
that O
you O
may O
know O
that O
I O
understand O
as O
well O
as O
any O
other O
person O
in O
the O
world O
how O
to O
be O
a O
subordinate O
also.” O
[16] O
After O
he O
had O
spoken O
another O
man O
arose O
to O
point O
out O
the O
foolishness O
of O
the O
speaker O
who O
had O
urged O
them O
to O
ask O
for O
vessels O
just O
as O
if O
Cyrus O
were O
going O
home O
again O
and O
to O
point O
out O
also O
how O
foolish O
it O
was O
to O
ask O
for O
a O
guide O
“from O
this O
man O
whose O
enterprise O
we O
are O
ruining. O
Indeed O
if O
we O
propose O
to O
trust O
the O
guide O
that O
Cyrus O
gives O
us O
what O
is O
to O
hinder O
us O
from O
directing O
Cyrus O
also O
to O
occupy O
the O
heights O
for O
us O
in O
advance O
[17] O
For O
my O
part O
I O
should O
hesitate O
to O
embark O
on O
the O
vessels O
that O
he O
might O
give O
us O
for O
fear O
of O
his O
sinking O
us O
with O
his O
war O
ships O
and O
I O
should O
be O
afraid O
to O
follow O
the O
guide O
that O
he O
might O
give O
for O
fear O
of O
his O
leading O
us O
to O
a O
place O
from O
which O
it O
will O
not O
be O
possible O
to O
escape; O
my O
choice O
would O
be O
in O
going O
off O
without O
Cyrus' O
consent O
to O
go O
off O
without O
his O
knowledge—and O
that O
is O
not O
possible. O
[18] O
Now O
in O
my O
own O
opinion O
the O
plans O
just O
proposed O
are O
nonsense; O
rather O
I O
think O
we O
should O
send O
to O
Cyrus O
men O
of O
the O
proper O
sort O
along O
with O
Clearchus O
to O
ask O
him O
what O
use O
he O
wishes O
to O
make O
of O
us; O
and O
if O
his O
enterprise O
is O
like O
the O
sort O
of O
one O
in O
which O
he O
employed O
mercenaries O
before O
36 O
I O
think O
that O
we O
also O
should O
follow O
him O
and O
not O
be O
more O
cowardly O
than O
those O
who O
went O
up O
with O
him O
on O
the O
former O
occasion; O
[19] O
if O
however O
his O
enterprise O
is O
found O
to O
be O
greater O
and O
more O
laborious O
and O
more O
dangerous O
than O
the O
former O
one O
we O
ought O
to O
demand O
that O
he O
should O
either O
offer O
sufficient O
persuasion37 O
and O
lead O
us O
on O
with O
him O
or O
yield O
to O
our O
persuasion O
and O
let O
us O
go O
home O
in O
friendship; O
for O
in O
this O
way O
if O
we O
should O
follow O
him O
we O
should O
follow O
as O
friends O
and O
zealous O
supporters O
and O
if O
we O
should O
go O
back O
we O
should O
go O
back O
in O
safety. O
I O
propose O
further O
that O
our O
representatives O
should O
report O
back O
to O
us O
whatever O
reply O
he O
may O
make O
and O
that O
we O
after O
hearing O
it O
should O
deliberate O
about O
the O
matter.” O
[20] O
This O
plan O
was O
adopted O
and O
they O
chose O
representatives O
and O
sent O
them O
with O
Clearchus; O
and O
they O
proceeded O
to O
put O
to O
Cyrus O
the O
questions O
resolved O
upon O
by O
the O
army. O
He O
replied O
that O
he O
had O
heard O
that O
Abrocomas O
a O
foe O
of O
his O
was O
at O
the O
Euphrates O
river O
twelve O
stages O
distant. O
It O
was O
against O
him O
therefore O
he O
said O
that O
he O
desired O
to O
march. O
And O
if O
he O
were O
there O
he O
wished O
to O
inflict O
due O
punishment O
upon O
him; O
“but O
if O
he O
has O
fled O
” O
he O
continued O
“we O
will O
deliberate O
about O
the O
matter O
then O
and O
there.” O
[21] O
Upon O
hearing O
this O
reply O
the O
deputies O
reported O
it O
to O
the O
soldiers O
and O
they O
while O
suspecting O
that O
Cyrus O
was O
leading O
them O
against B-LOC
the O
King O
nevertheless O
thought O
it O
best O
to O
follow O
him. O
They O
asked O
however O
for O
more O
pay O
and O
Cyrus O
promised O
to O
give O
them O
all O
half O
as O
much O
again O
as O
they O
had O
been O
receiving O
before O
namely O
a O
daric O
and O
a O
half O
a O
month O
to O
each O
man O
instead O
of O
a O
daric; O
but O
as O
regards O
the O
suspicion O
that O
he O
was O
leading O
them O
against O
the O
King O
no O
one O
heard O
it O
expressed O
even O
then—at O
any O
rate O
not O
openly. O
4. O
Thence O
he O
marched O
two O
stages O
ten O
parasangs O
to O
the O
Psarus O
river O
the O
width O
of O
which O
was O
three O
plethra. O
From O
there O
he O
marched O
one O
stage O
five O
parasangs O
to O
the O
Pyramus O
river O
the O
width O
of O
which O
was O
a O
stadium.38 O
From O
there O
he O
marched O
two O
stages O
fifteen O
parasangs O
to O
Issus O
the O
last O
city O
in O
Cilicia O
a O
place O
situated O
on O
the O
sea O
and O
large O
and O
prosperous. O
[2] O
There O
they O
remained O
three O
days; O
and O
the O
ships O
from O
Peloponnesus39 O
arrived O
to O
meet O
Cyrus O
thirty O
five O
in O
number O
with O
Pythagoras O
the O
Lacedaemonian O
as O
admiral O
in O
command O
of O
them. O
They O
had O
been O
guided O
from O
Ephesus O
to O
Issus O
by O
Tamos O
the O
Egyptian O
who O
was O
at O
the O
head O
of O
another O
fleet O
of O
twenty O
five O
ships O
belonging O
to O
Cyrus—these O
latter O
being O
the O
ships O
with O
which O
Tamos O
had O
besieged O
Miletus O
at O
the O
time O
when O
it O
was O
friendly O
to O
Tissaphernes O
40 O
and O
had O
supported O
Cyrus O
in O
his O
war O
upon O
Tissaphernes. O
[3] O
Cheirisophus O
the O
Lacedaemonian O
also O
arrived O
with O
this O
fleet O
coming O
in O
response O
to O
Cyrus' O
summons O
41 O
together O
with O
seven O
hundred O
hoplites O
over O
whom O
he O
continued O
to O
hold O
command O
in O
the O
army O
of O
Cyrus. O
And O
the O
ships O
lay O
at O
anchor O
alongside O
Cyrus' O
tent. O
It O
was O
at O
Issus O
also O
that O
the O
Greek O
mercenaries O
who O
had O
been O
in O
the O
service O
of O
Abrocomas—four O
hundred O
hoplites—joined O
Cyrus O
after O
deserting O
Abrocomas O
and O
so O
bore O
a O
share O
in O
his O
expedition O
against O
the O
King. O
[4] O
Thence O
he O
marched O
one O
stage O
five O
parasangs O
to O
the O
Gates O
between O
Cilicia O
and O
Syria. O
These O
Gates O
consisted O
of O
two O
walls; O
the O
one O
on O
the O
hither O
or O
Cilician O
side O
was O
held O
by O
Syennesis O
and O
a O
garrison O
of O
Cilicians O
while O
the O
one O
on O
the O
farther O
the O
Syrian O
side O
was O
reported O
to O
be O
guarded O
by O
a O
garrison O
of O
the O
King's O
troops. O
And O
in O
the O
space O
between O
these O
walls O
flows O
a O
river O
named O
the O
Carsus O
a O
plethrum O
in O
width. O
The O
entire O
distance O
from O
one O
wall O
to O
the O
other O
was O
three O
stadia; O
and O
it O
was O
not O
possible O
to B-LOC
effect I-LOC
a O
passage O
by O
force O
for O
the O
pass O
was O
narrow O
the O
walls O
reached O
down O
to O
the O
sea O
and O
above O
the O
pass O
were O
precipitous O
rocks O
while O
besides O
there O
were O
towers O
upon O
both O
the O
walls. O
[5] O
It O
was O
because O
of O
this O
pass O
that O
Cyrus O
had O
sent O
for O
the O
fleet O
in O
order O
that O
he O
might O
disembark O
hoplites O
between O
and O
beyond O
the O
walls O
and O
thus O
overpower O
the O
enemy O
if O
they O
should O
be O
keeping O
guard O
at O
the O
Syrian O
Gates—and O
that O
was O
precisely O
what O
Cyrus O
supposed O
Abrocomas O
would O
do O
for O
he O
had O
a O
large O
army. O
Abrocomas O
however O
did O
not O
do O
so O
but O
as O
soon O
as O
he O
heard O
that O
Cyrus O
was O
in O
Cilicia O
he O
turned O
about O
in O
his O
journey O
from O
Phoenicia42 O
and O
marched O
off O
to O
join O
the O
King O
with O
an O
army O
so O
the O
report O
ran O
of O
three O
hundred O
thousand O
men. O
[6] O
Thence O
Cyrus O
marched O
one O
stage O
five O
parasangs O
to O
Myriandus O
a O
city O
on O
the O
sea O
coast O
inhabited O
by O
Phoenicians; O
it O
was O
a O
trading O
place O
and O
many O
merchant O
ships O
were O
lying O
at O
anchor O
there. O
There O
he O
remained O
seven O
days; O
[7] O
and O
Xenias O
the O
Arcadian O
and O
Pasion O
the O
Megarian O
embarked O
upon O
a O
ship O
put O
on O
board O
their O
most O
valuable O
effects O
and O
sailed O
away; O
they O
were O
moved O
to O
do O
this O
as O
most O
people O
thought O
by O
a O
feeling O
of O
jealous O
pride O
because O
their O
soldiers O
had O
gone O
over O
to O
Clearchus43 O
with O
the O
intention O
of O
going O
back O
to O
Greece O
again O
instead O
of O
proceeding O
against O
the O
King O
and O
Cyrus O
had O
allowed O
Clearchus O
to O
keep O
them. O
After O
they O
had O
disappeared O
a O
report O
went O
round O
that O
Cyrus O
was O
pursuing O
them O
with O
warships; O
and O
while O
some O
people O
prayed O
that O
they O
might O
be O
captured O
because O
as O
they O
said O
they O
were O
cowards O
yet O
others O
felt O
pity O
for O
them O
if O
they O
should O
be O
caught. O
[8] O
Cyrus O
however O
called O
the O
generals O
together O
and O
said O
“Xenias O
and O
Pasion O
have O
deserted O
us. O
But O
let O
them O
nevertheless O
know O
full O
well O
that O
they O
have O
not O
escaped O
from O
me—either O
by O
stealth O
for O
I O
know O
in O
what O
direction O
they O
have O
gone O
or O
by O
speed O
for O
I O
have O
men O
of O
war O
with O
which O
I O
can O
overtake O
their O
craft. O
But O
for O
my O
part O
I O
swear O
by O
the O
gods O
that O
I O
shall O
not O
pursue O
them O
nor O
shall O
anyone O
say O
about O
me O
that O
I O
use O
a O
man O
so O
long O
as O
he O
is O
with O
me O
and O
then O
when O
he O
wants O
to O
leave O
me O
seize O
him O
and O
maltreat O
him O
and O
despoil O
him O
of O
his O
possessions. O
Nay O
let O
them O
go O
with O
the O
knowledge O
that O
their O
behaviour O
toward O
us O
is O
worse O
than O
ours O
toward O
them. O
To O
be O
sure O
I O
have O
their O
wives O
and O
children O
under O
guard O
in O
Tralles O
44 O
but O
I O
shall O
not O
deprive O
them O
of O
these O
either O
for O
they O
shall O
receive O
them O
back O
because O
of O
their O
former O
excellence O
in O
my O
service.” O
[9] O
Such O
were O
his O
words; O
as O
for O
the O
Greeks O
even O
those O
who O
had O
been O
somewhat O
despondent O
in O
regard O
to O
the O
upward O
march O
when O
they O
heard O
of O
the O
magnanimity O
of O
Cyrus O
they O
continued O
on O
their O
way O
with O
greater O
satisfaction O
and O
eagerness. O
After O
this O
Cyrus O
marched O
four O
stages O
twenty O
parasangs O
to O
the O
Chalus O
river O
which O
is O
a O
plethrum O
in O
width O
and O
full O
of O
large O
tame O
fish; O
these O
fish O
the O
Syrians O
regarded O
as O
gods O
and O
they O
would O
not O
allow O
anyone O
to O
harm O
them O
or O
the O
doves O
either.45 O
And O
the O
villages O
in O
which O
the O
troops O
encamped O
belonged O
to O
Parysatis O
for O
they O
had O
been O
given O
her O
for O
girdle O
money.46 O
[10] O
From O
there O
Cyrus O
marched O
five O
stages O
thirty O
parasangs O
to O
the O
sources O
of O
the O
Dardas O
river O
the O
width O
of O
which O
is O
a O
plethrum. O
There O
was O
the O
palace O
of O
Belesys O
the O
late O
ruler O
of O
Syria O
and B-LOC
a I-LOC
very O
large O
and O
beautiful O
park O
containing O
all O
the O
products O
of O
the O
seasons. O
But O
Cyrus O
cut B-LOC
down O
the O
park O
and O
burned O
the O
palace. O
[11] O
Thence O
he O
marched O
three O
stages O
fifteen O
parasangs O
to O
the O
Euphrates O
river O
the O
width O
of O
which O
was O
four O
stadia; O
and O
on O
the O
river O
was O
situated O
a O
large O
and O
prosperous O
city O
named O
Thapsacus. O
There O
he O
remained O
five O
days. O
And O
Cyrus O
summoned O
the O
generals O
of O
the B-LOC
Greeks I-LOC
and O
told O
them O
that O
the O
march O
was O
to O
be O
to O
Babylon O
against O
the O
Great O
King; O
he O
directed O
them O
accordingly B-LOC
to O
explain O
this O
to O
the O
soldiers O
and O
try O
to O
persuade O
them O
to O
follow. O
[12] O
So O
the O
generals O
called O
an O
assembly O
and O
made O
this O
announcement; O
and O
the O
soldiers O
were O
angry O
with O
the O
generals O
and O
said B-LOC
that I-LOC
they O
had O
known O
about O
this O
for O
a O
long O
time O
but O
had O
been O
keeping O
it O
from O
the O
troops; O
furthermore O
they O
refused O
to B-LOC
go I-LOC
on I-LOC
unless O
they O
were O
given O
money O
47 O
as O
were O
the O
men O
who O
made O
the O
journey O
with B-LOC
Cyrus I-LOC
before O
48 O
when O
he O
went O
to O
visit O
his O
father; O
they B-LOC
had O
received O
the O
donation O
even O
though O
they O
marched O
not O
to O
battle O
but O
merely O
because O
Cyrus' O
father O
summoned O
him. O
[13] O
All O
these O
things O
the O
generals O
reported O
back O
to O
Cyrus O
and O
he O
promised O
that O
he O
would O
give O
every O
man O
five O
minas49 O
in O
silver O
when O
they O
reached O
Babylon O
and O
their O
pay O
in O
full O
until O
he O
brought O
the O
Greeks O
back O
to O
Ionia O
again.50 O
By O
these O
promises O
the O
greater O
part O
of O
the O
Greek O
army O
was O
persuaded. O
But O
as O
for O
Menon O
before O
it O
was O
clear O
what O
the O
rest O
of O
the O
soldiers O
would O
do O
that O
is O
whether O
they O
would O
follow O
Cyrus O
or O
not O
he O
gathered O
together O
his O
own O
troops O
apart O
from O
the O
others O
and O
spoke O
as O
follows O
[14] O
“Soldiers O
if O
you O
will O
obey O
me O
you O
will O
without O
either O
danger O
or O
toil O
be O
honoured O
by O
Cyrus O
above O
and O
beyond O
the O
rest O
of O
the O
troops. O
What O
then O
do O
I O
direct B-LOC
you O
to O
do O
At O
this O
moment O
Cyrus O
is O
begging O
the O
Greeks B-LOC
to O
follow O
him B-LOC
against O
the O
King; O
my O
own O
plan O
then O
is O
that O
you O
should O
cross O
the O
Euphrates O
river O
before O
it O
is O
clear O
what O
answer O
the O
rest O
of O
the O
Greeks O
will O
make O
to O
Cyrus. O
[15] O
For O
if O
they O
vote O
to O
follow O
him O
it O
is O
you O
who O
will O
get O
the O
credit O
for O
that O
decision O
because O
you O
began O
the O
crossing O
and O
Cyrus O
will O
not O
only O
feel O
grateful O
to O
you O
regarding O
you O
as O
the O
most O
zealous O
in O
his O
cause O
but O
he O
will O
return O
the O
favour—and O
he O
knows O
how O
to O
do O
that O
if O
any O
man O
does; O
on O
the O
other O
hand O
if O
the O
rest O
vote O
not O
to O
follow O
him O
we O
shall B-LOC
all O
go O
back O
together O
but O
you O
as O
the O
only O
ones O
who O
were O
obedient O
are O
the O
men O
he O
will B-LOC
employ I-LOC
not O
only O
for O
garrison O
duty O
51 O
but O
for O
captaincies; O
and B-LOC
whatever I-LOC
else O
you O
may O
desire O
I O
know O
that O
you O
as O
friends O
of O
Cyrus O
will O
secure O
from O
him.” O
[16] O
Upon O
hearing O
these O
words O
the O
soldiers O
were O
persuaded O
and O
made O
the O
crossing O
before O
the O
rest O
gave O
their O
answer. O
When O
Cyrus O
learned O
that O
they O
had O
crossed O
he O
was O
delighted O
and O
sent O
Glus O
to O
the O
troops O
with O
this O
message O
“Soldiers O
to O
day O
I O
commend O
you; O
but O
I O
shall O
see O
to O
it O
that O
you O
also O
shall O
have O
cause O
to O
commend O
me O
else O
count O
me O
no O
longer O
Cyrus.” O
[17] O
So O
Menon's O
troops O
cherished O
high O
hopes O
and O
prayed O
that O
he O
might O
be O
successful O
while O
to O
Menon O
himself O
Cyrus O
was O
said O
to O
have O
sent O
magnificent O
gifts O
besides. O
After O
so O
doing O
Cyrus O
proceeded O
to O
cross O
the O
river O
and O
the O
rest O
of O
the O
army O
followed O
him O
to O
the O
last O
man. O
And O
in O
the O
crossing O
no O
one O
was O
wetted O
above O
the O
breast O
by O
the O
water. O
[18] O
The O
people O
of O
Thapsacus O
said O
that O
this O
river O
had O
never O
been O
passable O
on O
foot O
except O
at O
this O
time O
but O
only O
by O
boats; O
and O
these O
Abrocomas O
had O
now O
burned O
as O
he O
marched O
on O
ahead O
of O
Cyrus O
in O
order O
to O
prevent O
him O
from O
crossing. O
It O
seemed O
accordingly O
that O
here O
was O
a O
divine O
intervention O
and O
that O
the O
river O
had O
plainly O
retired O
before O
Cyrus O
because O
he O
was O
destined O
to O
be O
king. O
[19] O
Thence O
he O
marched O
through O
Syria O
nine O
stages O
fifty O
parasangs O
and O
they O
arrived O
at O
the O
Araxes O
river. O
There O
they O
found O
many O
villages O
full O
of O
grain O
and O
wine O
and O
there O
they O
remained O
for O
three B-LOC
days I-LOC
and O
provisioned O
the O
army. O
5. O
Thence O
he O
marched O
through O
Arabia O
keeping O
the O
Euphrates O
on O
the O
right O
five O
stages O
through O
desert O
country O
thirty O
five O
parasangs. O
In O
this O
region O
the O
ground O
was O
an O
unbroken O
plain O
as O
level O
as O
the O
sea O
and O
full O
of O
wormwood; O
and O
whatever O
else O
there O
was O
on O
the O
plain O
by O
way O
of O
shrub O
or O
reed O
was O
always O
fragrant O
like O
spices; O
[2] O
trees O
there O
were O
none O
but O
wild O
animals O
of O
all O
sorts O
vast O
numbers O
of O
wild O
asses O
and O
many O
ostriches O
besides B-LOC
bustards O
and O
gazelles. O
These O
animals O
were O
sometimes O
chased O
by O
the O
horsemen. O
As O
for O
the O
asses O
whenever O
one O
chased O
them O
they O
would O
run O
on O
ahead O
and O
stop—for O
they B-LOC
ran O
much O
faster O
than B-LOC
the O
horses—and O
then O
when O
the O
horses O
came O
near O
they O
would O
do O
the O
same O
thing O
again O
and O
it O
was O
impossible O
to O
catch O
them O
unless O
the O
horsemen O
posted O
themselves O
at O
intervals O
and O
hunted O
them O
in O
relays. O
The O
flesh O
of O
those O
that O
were O
captured O
was O
like O
venison O
but O
more O
tender. O
[3] O
But O
no O
ostrich O
was O
captured O
by O
anyone O
and O
any O
horseman O
who O
chased O
one O
speedily O
desisted; O
for O
it O
would O
distance O
him O
at O
once O
in O
its O
flight O
not O
merely O
plying O
its O
feet O
but O
hoisting O
its O
wings O
and O
using O
them O
like O
a O
sail. O
The O
bustards O
on O
the O
other O
hand O
can O
be O
caught O
if O
one O
is O
quick O
in O
starting O
them O
up O
for O
they O
fly O
only O
a O
short O
distance O
like O
partridges O
and O
soon O
tire; O
and O
their O
flesh O
was O
delicious. O
[4] O
Marching O
on O
through O
this O
region O
they O
arrived O
at O
the O
Mascas O
river O
which O
is O
a O
plethrum O
in O
width. O
There O
in O
the O
desert O
was O
a O
large O
city O
named O
Corsote O
completely O
surrounded O
by O
the O
Mascas. O
[5] O
There O
they O
remained O
three O
days O
and O
provisioned O
the O
army. O
Thence O
Cyrus O
marched O
thirteen O
stages O
through O
desert O
country O
ninety O
parasangs O
keeping O
the O
Euphrates O
river O
on O
the O
right O
and O
arrived O
at O
Pylae. O
In O
the O
course O
of O
these O
stages O
many O
of O
the O
baggage O
animals O
died O
of O
hunger O
for O
there O
was O
no O
fodder O
and O
in O
fact O
no O
growing O
thing O
of O
any O
kind O
but O
the O
land O
was O
absolutely O
bare; O
and O
the O
people O
who O
dwelt O
here O
made O
a O
living O
by O
quarrying O
mill O
stones O
along O
the B-LOC
river O
banks O
then O
fashioning O
them O
and O
taking O
them O
to O
Babylon O
where O
they O
sold O
them O
and B-LOC
bought I-LOC
grain O
in O
exchange. O
[6] O
As O
for B-LOC
the I-LOC
troops O
their O
supply O
of O
grain O
gave O
out O
and O
it O
was O
not O
possible O
to O
buy O
any O
except O
in O
the O
Lydian52 O
market O
attached O
to O
the O
barbarian O
army O
of O
Cyrus O
53 O
at O
the O
price B-LOC
of I-LOC
four O
sigli O
for O
a O
capith O
of O
wheat O
flour O
or B-LOC
barley O
meal. O
The O
siglus O
is O
worth O
seven O
and O
one O
half O
Attic O
obols O
and O
the O
capith O
had O
the O
capacity O
of O
two O
Attic O
choenices.54 O
The O
soldiers O
therefore O
managed O
to O
subsist O
by O
eating O
meat.55 O
[7] O
And O
Cyrus O
sometimes O
made O
these O
stages O
through O
the O
desert O
very O
long O
whenever O
he O
wanted O
to O
reach O
water O
or O
fresh O
fodder. O
Once O
in B-LOC
particular I-LOC
when O
they O
came O
upon O
a O
narrow O
muddy O
place O
which O
was O
hard O
for O
the O
wagons O
to O
get O
through O
Cyrus O
halted O
with O
his O
train O
of O
nobles O
and O
dignitaries O
and O
ordered O
Glus B-LOC
and O
Pigres O
to O
take O
some O
of O
the O
barbarian O
troops O
and O
help O
to O
pull O
the O
wagons O
out. O
[8] O
But O
it O
seemed O
to O
him O
that O
they O
took O
their O
time O
with O
the O
work; O
accordingly O
as O
if B-LOC
in I-LOC
anger O
he O
directed O
the O
Persian O
nobles O
who O
accompanied O
him O
to O
take O
a O
hand O
in O
hurrying O
on O
the O
wagons. O
And O
then O
one O
might O
have O
beheld O
a O
sample O
of O
good O
discipline O
they O
each O
threw O
off O
their O
purple O
cloaks O
where O
they O
chanced O
to O
be O
standing O
and O
rushed O
as O
a O
man O
would O
run O
to O
win O
a O
victory O
down O
a O
most O
exceedingly O
steep O
hill O
wearing O
their O
costly O
tunics O
and O
coloured O
trousers O
some O
of O
them O
indeed O
with O
necklaces O
around O
their O
necks O
and O
bracelets O
on O
their O
arms; O
and O
leaping O
at O
once O
with O
all O
this O
finery O
into O
the O
mud O
they O
lifted O
the O
wagons O
high O
and O
dry O
and O
brought O
them O
out O
more O
quickly O
than O
one O
would O
have O
thought O
possible. O
[9] O
In O
general O
it O
was O
clear O
that O
Cyrus O
was O
in O
haste O
throughout O
the O
whole O
journey O
and O
was O
making O
no O
delays O
except O
where O
he O
halted O
to O
procure O
provisions O
or O
for O
some O
other O
necessary O
purpose; O
his O
thought O
was O
that O
the O
faster O
he O
went O
the O
more O
unprepared O
the O
King O
would O
be O
to O
fight O
with O
him O
while O
on O
the O
other O
hand O
the O
slower O
he O
went O
the O
greater O
would O
be O
the O
army O
that O
was O
gathering O
for O
the O
King. O
Furthermore O
one O
who O
observed O
closely O
could O
see O
at O
a O
glance O
that O
while O
the O
King's O
empire O
was O
strong O
in O
its O
extent O
of O
territory O
and O
number O
of O
inhabitants O
it O
was O
weak O
by O
reason O
of O
the O
greatness O
of O
the O
distances O
and O
the O
scattered O
condition O
of O
its O
forces O
in O
case O
one O
should O
be O
swift O
in O
making O
his O
attack O
upon O
it. O
[10] O
Across O
the O
Euphrates O
river O
in O
the O
course O
of O
these O
desert O
marches O
was O
a O
large O
and O
prosperous O
city O
named O
Charmande O
and O
here O
the O
soldiers O
made O
purchases O
of O
provisions O
crossing O
the O
river O
on O
rafts O
in O
the O
following O
way O
they O
took O
skins O
which O
they O
had O
for O
tent O
covers O
filled O
them O
with O
hay O
and O
then O
brought O
the O
edges O
together O
and O
sewed O
them O
up O
so O
that O
the O
water O
could O
not O
touch O
the O
hay; O
on O
these O
they O
would O
cross O
and O
get O
provisions—wine O
made O
from O
the O
date O
of O
the O
palm O
tree O
and O
bread O
made O
of O
millet O
for O
this O
grain O
was O
very O
abundant O
in O
the O
country. O
[11] O
There O
one O
of O
Menon's O
soldiers O
and O
one O
of O
Clearchus' O
men O
had O
some O
dispute O
and O
Clearchus O
deciding B-LOC
that O
Menon's O
man O
was O
in O
the O
wrong O
gave O
him O
a O
flogging. O
The O
man O
then O
went O
to O
his O
own O
army O
and O
told O
about O
it O
and O
when O
his O
comrades O
heard O
of O
the O
matter O
they O
took O
it O
hard O
and O
were O
exceedingly O
angry O
with O
Clearchus. O
[12] O
On O
the O
same O
day O
Clearchus O
after O
going O
to O
the O
place O
where O
they O
crossed O
the O
river O
and O
there O
inspecting O
the O
market O
was O
riding O
back O
to O
his O
own O
tent O
through O
Menon's O
army O
having O
only O
a O
few O
men O
with O
him; O
and O
Cyrus O
had O
not O
yet O
arrived O
but O
was O
still O
on O
the O
march O
toward O
the O
place; O
and O
one O
of O
Menon's O
soldiers O
who O
was O
splitting O
wood O
threw O
his O
axe O
at O
Clearchus O
when O
he O
saw O
him O
riding O
through O
the O
camp. O
Now O
this O
man O
missed O
him O
but O
another O
threw O
a O
stone O
at O
him O
and O
still O
another O
and O
then O
after O
an O
outcry O
had O
been O
raised O
many. O
[13] O
Clearchus O
escaped O
to O
his O
own O
army O
and O
at O
once O
called O
his O
troops O
to O
arms; O
he O
ordered O
his O
hoplites O
to O
remain O
where O
they O
were O
resting O
their O
shields O
against O
their O
knees O
56 O
while O
he O
himself O
with O
the O
Thracians57 O
and O
the O
horsemen O
of O
which O
he O
had O
in O
his O
army O
more O
than O
forty O
most O
of O
them O
Thracians O
advanced O
upon O
Menon's O
troops; O
the O
result O
was O
that O
these O
and O
Menon O
himself O
were O
thoroughly O
frightened O
and O
ran O
to O
their O
arms O
though O
there O
were O
some O
who O
stood O
stock O
still O
nonplussed O
by O
the O
situation. O
[14] O
But O
Proxenus—for O
he O
chanced O
to O
be O
now O
coming O
up O
later O
than O
the O
others O
with O
a O
battalion O
of O
hoplites O
following O
him—straightway O
led O
his O
troops O
into O
the O
space O
between O
the O
two O
parties O
halted O
them O
under O
arms O
and O
began O
to O
beg O
Clearchus O
not O
to O
proceed O
with O
his O
attack. O
Clearchus O
however O
was O
angry O
because O
when O
he O
had O
barely O
escaped O
being O
stoned O
to O
death O
Proxenus O
was O
talking O
lightly O
of O
his O
grievance O
and O
he O
ordered O
him O
to O
remove O
himself O
from O
between O
them. O
[15] O
At O
this O
moment O
Cyrus O
also O
came O
up O
and O
learned O
about O
the O
situation O
and O
he O
immediately O
took O
his O
spears O
in O
his O
hands O
and O
attended O
by O
such O
of O
his O
counsellors O
as O
were O
present O
came O
riding O
into O
the O
intervening O
space O
and O
spoke O
as O
follows O
[16] O
“Clearchus O
and O
Proxenus O
and O
all O
you O
other O
Greeks O
who O
are O
here O
you O
know O
not O
what O
you O
are O
doing. O
For O
as O
certainly O
as O
you O
come O
to O
fighting O
with O
one O
another O
you O
may O
be O
sure O
that O
on O
this O
very O
day O
I O
shall O
be O
instantly O
cut O
to O
pieces O
and O
yourselves O
not O
long O
after O
me; O
for O
once O
let O
ill O
fortune O
overtake O
us O
and O
all O
these O
barbarians O
whom O
you O
see O
will O
be O
more O
hostile O
to O
us O
than O
are O
those O
who O
stand O
with O
the O
King.” O
[17] O
On O
hearing O
these O
words O
Clearchus O
came O
to O
his O
senses O
and O
both O
parties O
ceased O
from O
their O
quarrel O
and O
returned O
to O
their O
quarters. O
6. O
As O
they O
went O
on O
from O
there O
they O
kept O
seeing O
tracks O
of O
horses O
and O
horses' O
dung. O
To O
all O
appearances O
it O
was O
the O
trail O
of O
about O
two O
thousand O
horses O
and O
the O
horsemen O
as O
they O
proceeded B-LOC
were O
burning O
up O
fodder O
and O
everything O
else O
that O
was O
of O
any O
use. O
At O
this O
time O
Orontas O
a O
Persian O
who O
was O
related O
to O
the O
King O
by O
birth O
and O
was O
reckoned O
among O
the O
best O
of O
the O
Persians O
in O
matters O
of O
war O
devised O
a O
plot O
against O
Cyrus—in O
fact O
he O
had O
made O
war O
upon O
him O
before O
this O
but O
had O
become O
his O
friend O
again. O
[2] O
He O
now O
said O
to O
Cyrus O
that O
if O
he O
would O
give O
him O
a O
thousand O
horsemen O
he O
would O
either O
ambush O
and O
kill O
these O
horsemen O
who O
were O
burning O
ahead O
of O
him O
or O
he O
would O
capture O
many O
of O
them O
alive O
and O
put O
a O
stop O
to O
their O
burning O
as O
they O
advanced; O
and O
he O
would O
see O
to O
it O
that O
they O
should O
never O
be O
able O
to O
behold O
Cyrus' O
army O
and O
get O
to O
the O
King O
with O
their O
report. O
When O
Cyrus O
heard O
this O
plan O
it O
seemed O
to O
him O
to O
be O
an O
expedient O
one O
and O
he O
directed O
Orontas O
to O
get O
a O
detachment O
from O
each O
one O
of O
the O
cavalry O
commanders. O
[3] O
Then O
Orontas O
thinking O
that O
his O
horsemen O
were O
assured O
him O
wrote O
a O
letter O
to O
the O
King O
saying O
that O
he O
would O
come O
to O
him O
with O
as O
many O
horsemen O
as O
he O
could O
get; O
and O
he O
urged O
the O
King O
to O
direct O
his O
own O
cavalry O
to O
receive O
him O
as O
a O
friend. O
The O
letter O
also O
contained O
reminders O
of O
his O
former O
friendship O
and O
fidelity. O
This O
letter O
he O
gave O
to O
a O
man O
whom O
he O
supposed O
to O
be O
faithful O
to O
him; O
but O
this O
man O
took O
it O
and O
gave O
it O
to O
Cyrus. O
[4] O
When O
Cyrus O
had O
read O
it O
he O
had O
Orontas O
arrested O
and O
summoned O
to O
his O
tent O
seven O
of O
the O
noblest O
Persians O
among O
his O
attendants O
while O
he O
ordered O
the O
Greek O
generals O
to O
bring O
up O
hoplites O
and O
bid O
them O
station O
themselves O
under O
arms O
around O
his O
tent. O
And O
the O
generals O
obeyed O
the O
order O
bringing O
with O
them O
about O
three O
thousand O
hoplites. O
[5] O
Clearchus O
was O
also O
invited O
into O
the O
tent O
as O
a O
counsellor O
for O
both O
Cyrus O
and O
the O
other O
Persians O
regarded O
him O
as O
the O
man O
who O
was O
honoured O
above O
the O
rest O
of O
the O
Greeks. O
And O
when O
he O
came O
out O
he O
reported O
to O
his O
friends O
how O
Orontas' O
trial O
was O
conducted—for O
it O
was O
no O
secret. O
[6] O
He O
said O
that O
Cyrus O
began O
the O
conference O
in O
this O
way O
“My O
friends O
I O
have O
invited O
you O
here O
in O
order O
that O
I O
may O
consult O
with O
you O
and O
then O
take O
such O
action O
in O
the O
case O
of O
Orontas O
here O
as O
is O
right O
in O
the O
sight O
of O
gods O
and O
men. O
This O
man O
was O
given O
me O
at O
first O
by O
my O
father O
to O
be O
my O
subject; O
then O
at O
the O
bidding O
as O
he O
himself O
said O
of O
my O
brother O
this O
man O
levied O
war O
upon O
me O
holding O
the O
citadel O
of O
Sardis O
and O
I O
by O
the O
war O
I O
waged O
against O
him O
made O
him O
count O
it O
best O
to O
cease O
from O
warring O
upon O
me O
and O
I O
received O
and O
gave O
the O
hand O
clasp O
of O
friendship. O
Since O
that O
” O
he O
said O
“Orontas O
have O
I B-LOC
done I-LOC
you O
any O
wrong O
” O
[7] O
“No O
” O
Orontas O
answered. O
Cyrus O
went O
on O
questioning O
him O
“Did O
you O
not O
afterwards O
although O
as O
you O
yourself O
admit O
you O
had O
suffered O
no O
wrong O
at O
my O
hands O
desert O
me O
for O
the O
Mysians O
and O
do O
all O
the O
harm O
you O
could O
to O
my O
territory O
” O
“Yes O
” O
said O
Orontas. O
“Did O
you O
not O
” O
Cyrus O
said O
“when O
once O
more O
you O
had O
learned O
the O
slightness O
of O
your O
own O
power O
go O
to O
the O
altar O
of O
Artemis O
and O
say O
you O
were O
sorry O
and O
did O
you O
not O
after O
prevailing O
upon O
me O
to O
pardon O
you O
again O
give O
me O
pledges O
and O
receive O
pledges O
from O
me B-LOC
” I-LOC
This O
also O
Orontas O
admitted. O
[8] O
“What O
wrong O
then O
” O
said O
Cyrus O
“have O
you O
suffered O
at O
my O
hands O
that O
you O
now O
for O
the O
third O
time O
have O
been O
found O
plotting O
against O
me O
” O
When O
Orontas O
replied O
“None O
” O
Cyrus O
asked O
him O
“Do O
you O
admit O
then O
that O
you O
have O
proved O
yourself O
a O
doer O
of O
wrong O
toward O
me O
” O
“I O
cannot O
choose O
but O
do O
so O
” O
said O
Orontas. O
Thereupon O
Cyrus O
asked O
again O
“Then O
could O
you O
henceforth O
prove B-LOC
yourself O
a O
foe O
to O
my O
brother O
and O
a O
faithful O
friend O
to O
me O
” O
“Even O
if O
I O
should O
do O
so O
Cyrus O
” O
he O
replied O
“you O
could O
never O
after O
this O
believe O
it O
of O
me.” O
[9] O
Then O
Cyrus O
said O
to O
those O
who O
were O
present O
“Such O
have O
been O
this O
man's O
deeds O
such O
are O
now O
his O
words; O
and O
now O
Clearchus O
do O
you O
be O
the O
first O
of O
my O
counsellors O
to O
express O
the O
opinion O
you O
hold.” O
And O
Clearchus O
said O
“My O
advice O
is O
to O
put O
this O
man O
out O
of O
the O
way O
as O
speedily O
as O
possible O
so O
that O
we O
may O
no O
longer O
have O
to O
be O
on O
our O
guard O
against O
the O
fellow O
but O
may O
be O
left O
free O
so O
far O
as O
concerns O
him O
to O
requite O
with O
benefits O
these O
willing O
servants.” O
[10] O
In O
this O
opinion O
Clearchus O
said O
that O
the O
others O
also O
concurred. O
After O
this O
he O
said O
at O
the O
bidding O
of O
Cyrus O
every O
man O
of O
them O
arose O
even O
Orontas' O
kinsmen O
and O
took O
him O
by O
the O
girdle O
as O
a O
sign O
that O
he O
was O
condemned O
to O
death; O
and O
then O
those O
to O
whom O
the O
duty O
was O
assigned O
led O
him O
out. O
And O
when O
the O
men O
who O
in O
former O
days O
were O
wont O
to O
do O
him O
homage O
saw O
him O
they O
made O
their O
obeisance O
even O
then O
although O
they O
knew O
that O
he O
was O
being O
led O
forth O
to O
death. O
[11] O
Now O
after O
he O
had O
been O
conducted O
into O
the O
tent O
of O
Artapates O
the O
most O
faithful O
of O
Cyrus' O
chamberlains O
from O
that O
moment O
no O
man O
ever O
saw O
Orontas O
living O
or O
dead O
nor O
could O
anyone O
say O
from O
actual O
knowledge O
how O
he O
was O
put O
to O
death O
—it O
was O
all O
conjectures O
of O
one O
sort O
and O
another; O
and O
no O
grave O
of O
his O
was O
ever O
seen. O
7. O
From O
there O
Cyrus O
marched O
through O
Babylonia O
three O
stages O
twelve O
parasangs. O
On O
the O
third O
stage O
he O
held O
a O
review O
of O
the O
Greeks O
and O
the O
barbarians O
on O
the O
plain O
at O
about O
midnight; O
for O
he O
thought O
that O
at O
the O
next O
dawn O
the O
King O
would O
come O
with O
his O
army O
to O
do O
battle; O
and O
he O
ordered O
Clearchus O
to O
act O
as O
commander O
of O
the O
right O
wing O
and O
Menon O
of O
the O
left O
while O
he O
himself O
marshalled O
his O
own O
troops. O
[2] O
On O
the O
morning O
following O
the O
review O
at O
daybreak O
there O
came O
deserters O
from O
the O
great O
King O
and O
brought O
reports O
to O
Cyrus O
about O
his O
army. O
At O
this O
time O
Cyrus O
called O
together O
the O
generals O
and O
captains O
of O
the O
Greeks O
and O
not O
only O
took O
counsel O
with O
them O
as O
to O
how O
he O
should O
fight O
the O
battle O
but O
for O
his O
own O
part O
exhorted O
and O
encouraged O
them O
as O
follows O
[3] O
“Men O
of O
Greece O
it O
is O
not O
because O
I O
have O
not B-LOC
barbarians I-LOC
enough O
that O
I O
have O
brought O
you O
hither O
to O
fight O
for O
me; O
but O
because O
I O
believe B-LOC
that O
you O
are O
braver O
and O
stronger O
than O
many O
barbarians O
for O
this O
reason O
I O
took O
you O
also. O
Be O
sure O
therefore O
to O
be O
men O
worthy O
of O
the O
freedom O
you O
possess O
upon O
the O
possession O
of O
which O
I O
congratulate O
you. O
For O
you O
may O
be O
certain O
that O
freedom O
is O
the O
thing O
I O
should O
choose O
in O
preference O
to O
all O
that O
I O
have O
and O
many O
times O
more. O
[4] O
And O
now O
in O
order O
that O
you O
may O
know O
what O
sort O
of O
a O
contest O
it O
is O
into O
which O
you O
are O
going O
I O
who O
do O
know O
will O
tell O
you. O
Our O
enemies O
have O
great O
numbers O
and O
they B-LOC
will O
come O
on O
with O
a O
great O
outcry; O
for O
the O
rest O
however O
if O
you O
can O
hold O
out O
against O
these O
things O
I O
am O
ashamed O
I O
assure O
you O
to O
think O
what O
sorry O
fellows O
you O
will O
find O
the O
people O
of O
our O
country O
to O
be. O
But O
if O
you O
be O
men O
and O
if O
my O
undertaking O
turn O
out O
well O
I O
shall O
make O
anyone O
among O
you O
who O
wishes O
to O
return O
home O
an O
object O
of O
envy O
to O
his O
friends O
at O
home O
upon O
his O
return O
while O
I O
shall O
cause O
many O
of O
you O
I O
imagine O
to O
choose O
life O
with O
me O
in O
preference O
to O
life O
at O
home.” O
[5] O
Hereupon O
Gaulites O
a O
Samian O
exile O
who O
was O
there O
and O
was O
in O
the O
confidence O
of O
Cyrus O
said O
“And O
yet O
Cyrus O
there O
are O
those O
who O
say O
that O
your O
promises O
are O
big O
now O
because O
you O
are O
in O
such O
a O
critical O
situation—for O
the O
danger O
is O
upon O
you—but O
that O
if O
any O
good O
fortune O
befall O
you O
will O
fail O
to O
remember O
them; O
and O
some O
say O
that O
even O
if O
you O
should O
remember O
and O
have O
the O
will O
you O
would O
not O
have O
the O
means O
to O
make O
good O
all O
your O
promises.” O
[6] O
Upon O
hearing O
these O
words O
Cyrus O
said O
“Well O
gentlemen O
my O
father's O
realm O
extends O
toward O
the O
south O
to O
a O
region O
where O
men O
cannot O
dwell O
by O
reason O
of O
the O
heat O
and O
to O
the O
north O
to O
a O
region O
where O
they O
cannot O
dwell O
by O
reason O
of O
the O
cold; O
and O
all O
that O
lies O
between O
these O
limits O
my O
brother's O
friends O
rule O
as O
satraps. O
[7] O
Now O
if O
we O
win O
the O
victory O
we O
must O
put O
our O
friends O
in O
control O
of B-LOC
these O
provinces. O
I O
fear O
therefore O
not O
that O
I O
shall O
not O
have O
enough O
to O
give O
to O
each O
of O
my O
friends O
if O
success O
attends O
us O
but O
that O
I O
shall O
not O
have O
enough O
friends O
to O
give O
to. O
And O
as O
for O
you O
men O
of O
Greece O
I O
shall O
give O
each O
one O
of O
you O
a O
wreath O
of O
gold O
besides.” O
[8] O
When O
they O
heard O
these O
words O
the O
officers O
were O
far O
more O
eager O
themselves O
and O
carried O
the O
news O
away O
with O
them O
to O
the O
other O
Greeks. O
Then O
some O
of O
the O
others O
also O
sought O
Cyrus' O
presence O
demanding O
to O
know O
what O
they O
should O
have O
in O
case O
of O
victory; O
and O
he O
satisfied O
the O
expectations O
of O
every O
one O
of O
them O
before O
dismissing O
them. O
[9] O
Now O
all O
alike O
who O
conversed O
with O
him O
urged O
him O
not O
to O
take O
part O
in O
the O
fighting O
but O
to O
station O
himself O
in O
their O
rear. O
Taking O
this O
opportunity O
Clearchus O
asked O
Cyrus O
a O
question O
like O
this O
“But O
do O
you O
think O
Cyrus O
that O
your O
brother O
will O
fight O
with O
you O
” O
“Yes O
by O
Zeus O
” O
said O
Cyrus O
“if O
he O
is O
really O
a O
son O
of O
Darius O
and O
Parysatis O
and O
a O
brother O
of O
mine O
I O
shall O
not O
win O
this O
realm O
without O
fighting O
for O
it.” O
[10] O
At O
this O
time O
when O
the O
troops O
were O
marshalled O
under O
arms O
58 O
the O
number O
of O
the O
Greeks O
was O
found O
to O
be O
ten O
thousand O
four O
hundred O
hoplites O
and O
two O
thousand O
five O
hundred O
peltasts O
59 O
while O
the O
number B-LOC
of O
the O
barbarians O
under O
Cyrus O
was O
one O
hundred O
thousand O
and O
there O
were O
about O
twenty O
scythe O
bearing O
chariots. O
[11] O
The O
enemy O
it O
was O
reported O
numbered O
one O
million O
two O
hundred O
thousand60 O
and O
had O
two O
hundred O
scythe O
bearing O
chariots; O
besides O
there O
was O
a O
troop O
of O
six O
thousand O
horsemen O
under O
the O
command O
of O
Artagerses O
which O
was O
stationed O
in O
front O
of O
the O
King O
himself. O
[12] O
And O
the O
King's O
army O
had O
four O
commanders O
each O
at O
the O
head O
of O
three O
hundred O
thousand O
men O
namely O
Abrocomas O
Tissaphernes O
Gobryas O
and O
Arbaces. O
But O
of O
the O
forces O
just O
enumerated O
only O
nine O
hundred O
thousand O
with O
one O
hundred O
and O
fifty O
scythe O
bearing O
chariots O
were O
present O
at O
the O
battle; O
for O
Abrocomas O
marching O
from O
Phoenicia O
arrived O
five O
days O
too O
late O
for O
the O
engagement. O
[13] O
Such O
were O
the O
reports O
brought O
to O
Cyrus O
by O
those O
who O
deserted O
from O
the O
Great O
King O
before O
the O
battle O
and O
after O
the O
battle O
identical O
reports O
were O
made O
by O
the O
prisoners O
taken O
thereafter. O
[14] O
From O
there O
Cyrus O
marched O
one O
stage O
three O
parasangs O
with O
his O
whole O
army O
Greek O
and O
barbarian O
alike O
drawn O
up O
in O
line O
of O
battle; O
for O
he O
supposed O
that O
on O
that O
day O
the O
King O
would O
come O
to O
an O
engagement; O
for O
about O
midway O
of O
this O
day's O
march O
there O
was O
a O
deep O
trench O
five O
fathoms61 O
in O
width O
and O
three O
fathoms O
in O
depth. O
[15] O
This O
trench O
extended O
up O
through O
the O
plain O
for O
a O
distance O
of O
twelve O
parasangs O
reaching O
to O
the O
wall O
of O
Media O
62 O
[Here O
also O
are O
the O
canals O
which O
flow O
from O
the O
Tigris O
river; O
they O
are O
four O
in O
number O
each O
a O
plethrum O
wide O
and O
exceedingly O
deep O
and O
grain O
carrying O
ships O
ply O
in O
them; O
they O
empty O
into O
the O
Euphrates O
and O
are O
a O
parsang O
apart O
and O
there O
are O
bridges O
over O
them.] O
and O
alongside O
the O
Euphrates O
there O
was O
a O
narrow O
passage O
not O
more O
than O
about O
twenty O
feet O
in O
width O
between O
the O
river O
and O
the O
trench; O
[16] O
and O
the O
trench63 O
had O
been O
constructed O
by O
the O
Great O
King O
as O
a O
means O
of O
defence O
when O
he O
learned O
that O
Cyrus O
was O
marching O
against O
him. O
Accordingly O
Cyrus O
and O
his O
army O
went O
through O
by O
the O
passage O
just O
mentioned O
and O
so O
found O
themselves O
on O
the O
inner O
side O
of O
the O
trench. O
[17] O
Now O
on O
that O
day O
the O
King O
did O
not O
offer O
battle O
but O
tracks O
of O
both O
horses O
and O
men O
in O
retreat O
were O
to O
be O
seen O
in O
great O
numbers. O
[18] O
Then O
Cyrus O
summoned O
Silanus O
his O
Ambraciot B-LOC
soothsayer O
and O
gave O
him O
three O
thousand O
darics; O
for B-LOC
on I-LOC
the O
eleventh O
day O
before O
this O
while O
sacrificing O
he O
had O
told O
Cyrus O
that O
the O
King O
would O
not O
fight O
within O
ten O
days O
and O
Cyrus O
had O
said O
“Then O
he B-LOC
will I-LOC
not O
fight O
at O
all O
if O
he O
will O
not O
fight O
within O
ten O
days; O
however O
if O
your O
prediction O
proves B-LOC
true O
I O
promise O
you O
ten O
talents.64” O
So O
it O
was O
this O
money O
that O
he O
then O
paid O
over O
the O
ten O
days O
having O
passed. O
[19] O
But O
since O
the O
King O
did O
not O
appear O
at O
the O
trench O
and O
try O
to O
prevent O
the O
passage O
of O
Cyrus' O
army O
both O
Cyrus O
and O
the O
rest O
concluded O
that O
he O
had O
given O
up O
the O
idea O
of O
fighting. O
Hence O
on O
the O
following O
day O
Cyrus O
proceeded O
more O
carelessly; O
[20] O
and O
on O
the O
third O
day O
he O
was O
making O
the O
march O
seated O
in O
his O
chariot O
and O
with O
only O
a O
small O
body O
of O
troops O
drawn O
up O
in O
line O
in O
front O
of O
him O
while O
the O
greater O
part O
of O
the O
army O
was O
proceeding O
in O
disorder B-LOC
and O
many O
of O
the O
soldiers' O
arms O
and O
accoutrements O
were O
being O
carried O
in O
wagons O
and O
on O
pack O
animals. O
8. O
It O
was O
now O
about O
full O
market O
time65 O
and O
the O
stopping O
place O
where O
Cyrus O
was O
intending O
to O
halt O
had O
been O
almost O
reached O
when O
Pategyas O
a O
trusty O
Persian O
of O
Cyrus' O
staff O
came O
into O
sight O
riding O
at O
full O
speed O
with O
his O
horse O
in O
a O
sweat O
and O
at O
once O
shouted O
out O
to O
everyone O
he O
met O
in O
the O
barbarian O
tongue O
and O
in O
Greek O
that O
the O
King O
was O
approaching O
with O
a O
large O
army O
all O
ready O
for O
battle. O
[2] O
Then O
ensued O
great O
confusion; O
for O
the O
thought O
of O
the O
Greeks O
and O
of O
all O
the O
rest O
in O
fact O
was O
that O
he O
would O
fall O
upon O
them O
immediately O
while O
they O
were O
in O
disorder; O
[3] O
and O
Cyrus O
leaped O
down O
from O
his O
chariot O
put O
on O
his O
breastplate O
and O
then O
mounting O
his O
horse O
took O
his O
spears O
in O
his O
hands O
and O
passed O
the O
word O
to O
all O
the O
others O
to O
arm O
themselves O
and O
get O
into O
their O
places O
every O
man O
of O
them. O
[4] O
Thereupon O
they O
proceeded O
in O
great O
haste O
to O
take O
their O
places O
Clearchus O
occupying O
the O
right O
end O
of O
the O
Greek O
wing O
66 O
close O
to O
the O
Euphrates O
river O
Proxenus O
next O
to O
him O
and O
the O
others O
beyond O
Proxenus O
while O
Menon O
and O
his O
army O
took O
the O
left O
end O
of O
the O
Greek O
wing. O
[5] O
As O
for O
the O
barbarians O
Paphlagonian O
horsemen O
to O
the O
number O
of O
a O
thousand O
took O
station O
beside O
Clearchus O
on O
the O
right O
wing O
as O
did O
the O
Greek O
peltasts O
on O
the O
left O
was O
Ariaeus O
Cyrus' O
lieutenant O
with O
the O
rest O
of O
the O
barbarian O
army O
[6] O
and O
in O
the O
centre O
Cyrus O
and O
his B-LOC
horsemen I-LOC
about O
six O
hundred O
in O
number. O
These O
troopers O
were O
armed O
with O
breastplates O
and O
thigh O
pieces O
and O
all O
of O
them O
except O
Cyrus O
with O
helmets—Cyrus O
however O
went O
into O
the O
battle O
with O
his O
head O
unprotected. O
[In O
fact O
it O
is O
said O
of O
the O
Persians O
in O
general O
that O
they O
venture O
all O
the O
perils O
of O
war O
with O
their O
heads O
unprotected.] O
[7] O
And O
all O
their O
horses O
[with O
Cyrus] O
had O
frontlets O
and O
breast O
pieces; O
and O
the O
men O
carried O
besides O
their O
other O
weapons O
Greek O
sabres. O
[8] O
And O
now O
it O
was O
midday B-LOC
and O
the O
enemy O
were O
not O
yet O
in O
sight; O
but O
when O
afternoon O
was O
coming O
on O
there O
was O
seen O
a O
rising O
dust O
which O
appeared O
at O
first O
like O
a O
white O
cloud O
but O
some O
time B-LOC
later I-LOC
like O
a O
kind O
of O
blackness O
in O
the O
plain O
extending O
over O
a O
great O
distance. O
As O
the O
enemy O
came O
nearer O
and O
nearer O
there O
were O
presently O
flashes O
of O
bronze O
here O
and O
there O
and O
spears O
and O
the O
hostile O
ranks O
began O
to O
come O
into O
sight. O
[9] O
There O
were O
horsemen O
in O
white O
cuirasses O
on O
the O
left O
wing O
of O
the O
enemy O
under O
the O
command O
it O
was O
reported O
of O
Tissaphernes; O
next O
to O
them O
were O
troops O
with O
wicker O
shields O
and O
farther O
on O
hoplites O
with O
wooden O
shields O
which O
reached O
to O
their O
feet O
these O
latter O
being O
Egyptians O
people O
said; O
and O
then O
more O
horsemen O
and O
more O
bowmen. O
All O
these O
troops O
were O
marching O
in O
national O
divisions O
each O
nation O
in O
a O
solid O
square. O
[10] O
In O
front O
of O
them O
were O
the O
so O
called O
scythe O
bearing O
chariots O
at O
some O
distance O
from O
one O
another; O
and O
the O
scythes O
they O
carried O
reached O
out O
sideways O
from O
the O
axles O
and O
were O
also O
set O
under O
the O
chariot O
bodies O
pointing O
towards O
the O
ground O
so O
as O
to O
cut O
to O
pieces O
whatever O
they O
met; O
the O
intention O
then O
was O
that O
they O
should O
drive O
into O
the O
ranks O
of O
the O
Greeks O
and O
cut O
the O
troops O
to O
pieces. O
[11] O
As O
for O
the O
statement O
however O
which O
Cyrus O
made O
when O
he O
called O
the O
Greeks O
together O
and O
urged O
them O
to O
hold O
out O
against O
the O
shouting O
of O
the O
barbarians O
he O
proved O
to O
be O
mistaken O
in O
this O
point; O
for O
they O
came O
on O
not O
with O
shouting O
but O
in O
the O
utmost O
silence O
and O
quietness O
with O
equal O
step O
and O
slowly. O
[12] O
At O
this O
moment O
Cyrus O
rode O
along O
the O
line O
attended O
only O
by O
Pigres O
his B-LOC
interpreter I-LOC
and O
three O
or O
four O
others O
and O
shouted O
to O
Clearchus O
to O
lead O
his O
army O
against O
the O
enemy's O
centre O
for O
the O
reason O
that O
the O
King O
was O
stationed O
there; O
“and O
if O
” O
he O
said O
“we O
are O
victorious O
there O
our O
whole O
task O
is O
accomplished.” O
[13] O
Clearchus O
however O
since O
he O
saw O
the O
compact O
body O
at O
the O
enemy's O
centre O
and O
heard O
from O
Cyrus O
that O
the O
King O
was O
beyond O
his O
left O
wing O
(for O
the O
King O
was O
so O
superior O
in O
numbers O
that O
although O
occupying O
the O
centre O
of O
his O
own O
line O
he O
was O
beyond O
Cyrus' O
left O
wing) O
was O
unwilling O
to O
draw O
the O
right O
wing O
away O
from O
the O
river O
for O
fear O
that O
he O
might O
be O
turned O
on O
both O
flanks; O
and O
he O
told O
Cyrus B-LOC
in O
reply O
that O
he O
was O
taking O
care O
to O
make O
everything O
go O
well. O
[14] O
At O
this O
critical O
time O
the O
King's O
army O
was O
advancing O
evenly O
while O
the O
Greek O
force O
still O
remaining O
in O
the O
same O
place O
was O
forming O
its O
line O
from O
those O
who O
were O
still O
coming O
up. O
And O
Cyrus O
riding O
along O
at O
some O
distance O
from O
his O
army O
was O
taking O
a O
survey O
looking O
in O
either O
direction O
both O
at O
his O
enemies O
and O
his O
friends. O
[15] O
Then O
Xenophon O
67 O
an O
Athenian O
seeing O
him O
from O
the O
Greek O
army O
approached O
so O
as O
to O
meet O
him O
and O
asked O
if O
he O
had O
any O
orders O
to O
give; O
and O
Cyrus O
pulled O
up O
his O
horse O
and O
bade O
Xenophon O
tell O
everybody O
that O
the O
sacrificial O
victims O
and O
omens O
were O
all O
favourable. O
[16] O
While O
saying O
this O
he O
heard O
a O
noise O
running O
through O
the O
ranks O
and O
asked O
what O
the O
noise O
was. O
Xenophon O
replied O
that O
the O
watchword O
was O
now O
passing O
along O
for O
the O
second O
time.68 O
And O
Cyrus O
wondered O
who O
had O
given O
it O
out O
and O
asked O
what O
the O
watchword O
was. O
Xenophon O
replied O
“Zeus O
Saviour O
and O
Victory.” O
[17] O
And O
upon O
hearing O
this O
Cyrus O
said O
“Well O
I O
accept O
it O
and O
so O
let O
it O
be.” O
After O
he O
had O
said O
these O
words O
he O
rode O
back O
to O
his O
own O
position. O
At O
length O
the O
opposing O
lines O
were O
not O
three O
or O
four O
stadia O
apart O
and O
then O
the O
Greeks O
struck O
up O
the O
paean O
and O
began O
to O
advance O
against O
the O
enemy. O
[18] O
And O
when O
as O
they O
proceeded O
a O
part O
of O
the O
phalanx O
billowed O
out O
those O
who O
were O
thus O
left O
behind O
began O
to O
run; O
at O
the O
same B-LOC
moment I-LOC
they O
all O
set O
up O
the O
sort O
of O
war O
cry O
which O
they O
raise O
to O
Enyalius O
69 O
and O
all O
alike O
began O
running. O
It O
is O
also O
reported O
that O
some O
of O
them O
clashed O
their O
shields O
against O
their O
spears O
thereby O
frightening O
the O
enemy's O
horses. O
[19] O
And O
before O
an O
arrow O
reached O
them O
the O
barbarians O
broke O
and O
fled. O
Thereupon O
the O
Greeks O
pursued O
with O
all O
their O
might O
but O
shouted O
meanwhile O
to O
one O
another O
not O
to O
run O
at O
a O
headlong O
pace O
but O
to O
keep O
their O
ranks O
in O
the O
pursuit. O
[20] O
As O
for O
the O
enemy's O
chariots O
some O
of O
them O
plunged O
through O
the O
lines O
of O
their O
own O
troops O
others O
however O
through O
the O
Greek O
lines O
but O
without O
charioteers. O
And O
whenever O
the O
Greeks O
saw O
them O
coming O
they O
would O
open O
a O
gap O
for O
their O
passage; O
one O
fellow O
to O
be O
sure O
was O
caught O
like O
a O
befuddled O
man O
on O
a O
race O
course B-LOC
yet O
it O
was O
said O
that O
even O
he O
was O
not O
hurt O
in O
the O
least O
nor O
for O
that O
matter O
did O
any O
other O
single O
man O
among O
the O
Greeks O
get O
any O
hurt O
whatever O
in O
this O
battle O
save O
that O
some O
one O
on O
the O
left O
wing O
was O
reported O
to O
have O
been O
hit O
by O
an O
arrow. O
[21] O
When O
Cyrus O
saw O
that O
the O
Greeks O
were O
victorious O
over O
the O
division O
opposite O
them O
and O
were O
in O
pursuit O
although O
he O
was O
pleased O
and O
was O
already O
being O
saluted O
with O
homage O
as O
King O
by O
his O
attendants O
he O
nevertheless O
was O
not O
induced O
to O
join O
the O
pursuit O
but O
keeping O
in O
close B-LOC
formation O
the O
six O
hundred O
horsemen O
of O
his O
troop O
he O
was O
watching O
to O
see O
what O
the O
King O
would O
do. O
For O
he O
knew O
that O
the O
King O
held O
the O
centre O
of O
the O
Persian O
army; O
[22] O
in O
fact O
all O
the O
generals O
of O
the O
barbarians O
hold O
their O
own O
centre O
when O
they O
are O
in O
command O
for O
they O
think O
that O
this O
is O
the O
safest O
position O
namely O
with O
their O
forces B-LOC
on O
either O
side O
of O
them O
and O
also O
that O
if O
they O
want O
to O
pass O
along O
an O
order O
the O
army O
will O
get O
it O
in O
half O
the O
time; O
[23] O
so O
in O
this O
instance O
the O
King O
held O
the O
centre O
of O
the O
army O
under O
his O
command O
but O
still O
he O
found O
himself O
beyond O
the O
left O
wing O
of O
Cyrus. B-LOC
Since O
then O
there O
was O
no O
one O
in O
his O
front O
to O
give O
battle O
to O
him O
or O
to O
the O
troops O
drawn O
up O
before O
him O
he O
proceeded O
to O
wheel O
round O
his O
line O
with O
the O
intention O
of O
encircling O
the O
enemy. O
[24] O
Thereupon O
Cyrus O
seized O
with O
fear O
lest O
he O
might O
get O
in O
the O
rear O
of O
the O
Greek O
troops O
and O
cut O
them O
to O
pieces O
charged O
to O
meet O
him; O
and O
attacking O
with O
his O
six O
hundred O
he O
was O
victorious O
over O
the O
forces O
stationed O
in O
front O
of O
the O
King O
and O
put O
to O
flight O
the O
six O
thousand O
70 O
slaying O
with O
his O
own O
hand O
it O
is O
said O
their O
commander O
Artagerses. O
[25] O
But O
when O
they O
turned O
to O
flight O
Cyrus' O
six O
hundred O
setting O
out O
in O
pursuit O
became O
scattered O
also O
and O
only O
a O
very O
few O
were O
left O
about O
him O
chiefly O
his O
so O
called O
table O
companions. O
[26] O
While O
attended O
by O
these O
only O
he O
caught O
sight O
of O
the O
King O
and O
the O
compact O
body O
around O
him; O
and O
on O
the O
instant O
he O
lost O
control O
of O
himself O
and O
with O
the O
cry O
“I O
see O
the O
man O
” O
rushed O
upon O
him O
and O
struck O
him O
in O
the O
breast O
and O
wounded O
him O
through O
his O
breastplate—as O
Ctesias71 O
the O
physician O
says O
adding O
also O
that O
he O
himself O
healed O
the O
wound. O
[27] O
While O
Cyrus O
was O
delivering O
his O
stroke O
however O
some O
one O
hit O
him O
a O
hard O
blow O
under O
the O
eye O
with O
a O
javelin; O
and O
then O
followed O
a O
struggle O
between O
the O
King O
and O
Cyrus O
and O
the O
attendants O
who O
supported O
each O
of O
them. O
The O
number O
that O
fell O
on O
the O
King's O
side O
is O
stated O
by O
Ctesias O
who O
was O
with O
him; O
on O
the O
other O
side O
Cyrus O
himself O
was O
killed O
and O
eight O
of O
the O
noblest O
of O
his O
attendants O
lay O
dead O
upon O
him. O
[28] O
Of O
Artapates O
the O
one O
among O
Cyrus' O
chamberlains O
who O
was O
his O
most O
faithful O
follower O
it O
is O
told O
that O
when O
he O
saw O
Cyrus O
fallen O
he O
leaped O
down O
from O
his O
horse O
and O
threw O
his O
arms O
about O
him. O
[29] O
And O
one O
report O
is O
that O
the O
King O
ordered O
someone O
to O
slay O
him O
upon O
the O
body O
of O
Cyrus O
while O
others O
say O
that O
he O
drew O
his O
dagger O
and O
slew O
himself O
with O
his O
own O
hand; O
for O
he O
had O
a O
dagger O
of O
gold O
and O
he O
also O
wore O
a O
necklace O
and O
bracelets O
and O
all O
the O
other O
ornaments O
that O
the O
noblest O
Persians O
wear; O
for O
he O
had O
been O
honoured O
by O
Cyrus O
because O
of O
his O
affection O
and O
fidelity. O
9. O
In O
this O
way O
then O
Cyrus O
came O
to O
his O
end O
a O
man O
who O
was O
the O
most O
kingly O
and O
the O
most O
worthy O
to O
rule O
of O
all O
the O
Persians O
who O
have O
been O
born O
since O
Cyrus O
the O
Elder O
as O
all O
agree O
who O
are O
reputed O
to O
have O
known O
Cyrus O
intimately. O
[2] O
For O
firstly O
while O
he O
was O
still O
a O
boy O
and O
was O
being O
educated O
with O
his O
brother O
and O
the O
other O
boys O
he O
was O
regarded O
as O
the O
best O
of O
them O
all O
in O
all O
respects. O
[3] O
For O
all O
the O
sons O
of O
the O
noblest O
Persians O
are O
educated O
at O
the O
King's O
court. O
There O
one O
may O
learn O
discretion O
and O
self O
control O
in O
full O
measure O
and O
nothing O
that O
is O
base O
can O
be O
either O
heard O
or O
seen. O
[4] O
The O
boys O
have O
before O
their O
eyes O
the O
spectacle O
of O
men O
honoured O
by O
the O
King O
and O
of O
others O
dishonoured; O
they O
likewise O
hear O
of O
them; O
and O
so O
from O
earliest O
boyhood O
they O
are O
learning O
how O
to O
rule O
and O
how O
to O
submit O
to O
rule. O
[5] O
Here O
then O
Cyrus O
was O
reputed O
to O
be O
in O
the O
first O
place O
the O
most O
modest O
of O
his O
fellows O
and O
even O
more O
obedient O
to O
his O
elders O
than O
were O
his O
inferiors O
in O
rank; O
secondly O
the O
most O
devoted O
to O
horses O
and O
the O
most O
skilful O
in O
managing O
horses; O
he O
was O
also O
adjudged O
the O
most O
eager O
to O
learn O
and O
the O
most O
diligent O
in O
practising O
military O
accomplishments O
alike O
the O
use O
of O
the O
bow O
and O
of O
the O
javelin. O
[6] O
Then O
when O
he O
was O
of O
suitable O
age O
he O
was O
the O
fondest O
of O
hunting O
and O
more O
than O
that O
the O
fondest O
of O
incurring O
danger O
in O
his O
pursuit O
of O
wild O
animals. O
On O
one O
occasion O
when O
a O
bear O
charged O
upon O
him O
he O
did O
not O
take O
to O
flight O
but O
grappled O
with O
her O
and O
was O
dragged O
from O
his O
horse; O
he O
received O
some O
injuries O
the O
scars O
of O
which O
he O
retained O
but O
in O
the O
end O
he O
killed O
the O
bear; O
and O
furthermore O
the O
man O
who O
was O
the O
first O
to O
come O
to O
his O
assistance O
he O
made O
an O
object O
of O
envy O
to O
many. O
[7] O
Again O
when O
he O
was O
sent O
down72 O
by O
his O
father O
to O
be O
satrap O
of O
Lydia O
Greater O
Phrygia O
and O
Cappadocia O
and O
was O
also O
appointed O
commander O
of O
all O
the O
troops O
whose O
duty O
it O
is O
to O
muster O
in O
the O
plain O
of O
Castolus O
he O
showed O
in O
the O
first O
place O
that O
he O
counted O
it O
of O
the O
utmost O
importance O
when O
he O
concluded O
a O
treaty O
or O
compact O
with O
anyone O
or O
made O
anyone O
any O
promise O
under O
no O
circumstances O
to O
prove O
false O
to O
his O
word. O
[8] O
It O
was O
for O
this O
reason O
then O
that O
the O
cities O
trusted O
him O
and O
put O
themselves O
under O
his O
protection O
73 O
and O
that O
individuals O
also O
trusted O
him; O
and O
if O
anyone O
had O
been O
an O
enemy O
when O
Cyrus O
made O
a O
treaty O
with O
him O
he O
trusted O
that O
he O
would O
suffer O
no O
harm O
in O
violation O
of O
that O
treaty. O
[9] O
Consequently O
when O
he O
came O
to O
hostilities O
with O
Tissaphernes O
all O
the O
cities O
of O
their O
own O
accord O
chose O
Cyrus O
rather O
than O
Tissaphernes O
with O
the O
exception O
of O
Miletus;74 O
and O
the O
reason O
why O
the O
Milesians O
feared O
him O
was O
that O
he O
would O
not O
prove O
false O
to O
the O
exiles O
from O
their O
city. O
[10] O
For O
he O
showed O
repeatedly O
by O
deed O
as O
well O
as O
by O
word O
that O
he O
would O
never O
abandon O
them O
when O
once O
he O
had O
come O
to O
be O
their O
friend O
not O
even O
if B-LOC
they O
should B-LOC
become I-LOC
still O
fewer B-LOC
in I-LOC
number O
and O
should O
meet O
with O
still O
worse O
misfortune. O
[11] O
It O
was O
manifest O
also O
that O
whenever B-LOC
a I-LOC
man I-LOC
conferred I-LOC
any O
benefit O
upon O
Cyrus O
or O
did O
him O
any O
harm O
he O
always O
strove O
to O
outdo O
him; O
in O
fact O
some O
people O
used O
to O
report O
it O
as O
a O
prayer O
of O
his O
that O
he O
might O
live O
long O
enough O
to O
outdo O
both O
those O
who O
benefited O
and O
those O
who O
injured O
him O
returning O
like O
for O
like. O
[12] O
Hence O
it O
was O
that O
he O
had O
a O
greater O
following O
than O
any O
other O
one O
man O
of O
our O
time O
of O
friends O
who O
eagerly O
desired O
to O
entrust O
to O
him O
both O
treasure O
and O
cities O
and O
their O
very O
bodies. O
[13] O
Yet O
on O
the O
other O
hand O
none O
could O
say O
that O
he O
permitted O
malefactors O
and O
wicked O
men O
to O
laugh O
at O
him; O
on O
the O
contrary O
he O
was O
merciless O
to O
the O
last O
degree O
in O
punishing O
them O
and O
one O
might O
often O
see O
along O
the O
travelled O
roads O
people O
who O
had O
lost O
feet O
or B-LOC
hands I-LOC
or O
eyes; O
thus O
in O
Cyrus' O
province O
it O
became O
possible O
for O
either O
Greek O
or O
barbarian O
provided O
he O
were O
guilty O
of O
no O
wrongdoing O
to O
travel O
fearlessly O
wherever O
he O
wished O
carrying O
with O
him O
whatever O
it O
was O
to O
his O
interest O
to O
have. O
[14] O
But O
it O
was O
the O
brave O
in O
war O
as O
all O
agree O
whom O
he O
honoured O
especially. O
For O
example O
he O
was O
once O
at O
war O
with O
the O
Pisidians O
and O
Mysians O
and O
commanded O
in O
person O
an O
expedition O
into O
their O
territories; O
and O
whomsoever O
in O
his O
army O
he O
found O
willing O
to O
meet O
dangers O
these O
men O
he O
would O
not O
only O
appoint O
as O
rulers O
of O
the O
territory O
he O
was O
subduing O
but O
would O
honour O
thereafter O
with O
other O
gifts O
also. O
[15] O
Thus O
the O
brave O
were O
seen O
to O
be O
most O
prosperous O
while O
cowards O
were O
deemed O
fit O
to O
be O
their O
slaves. O
Consequently O
Cyrus O
had O
men O
in O
great O
abundance O
who O
were O
willing O
to O
meet O
danger O
wherever O
they O
thought O
that O
he O
would O
observe O
them. O
[16] O
As O
for O
uprightness O
if O
a O
man O
showed O
that O
he O
desired O
to O
distinguish O
himself O
in O
that O
quality O
Cyrus O
considered O
it O
all O
important O
to O
enable O
such O
an O
one O
to O
live O
in O
greater O
opulence O
than O
those O
who O
were O
greedy O
of O
unjust O
gain. O
[17] O
Hence O
he O
not O
only O
had O
many O
and O
various O
functions O
performed O
for O
him O
with O
fidelity O
but O
in O
particular O
he O
secured O
the O
services O
of O
an O
army O
worthy O
of O
the O
name. O
For O
generals O
and O
captains O
who O
came O
overseas O
to O
serve O
him O
for O
the O
sake O
of O
money O
judged O
that O
loyal O
obedience O
to O
Cyrus O
was O
worth O
more O
to O
them O
than O
their O
mere O
monthly O
pay. O
[18] O
Again O
so B-LOC
surely I-LOC
as O
a O
man B-LOC
performed I-LOC
with O
credit O
any O
service O
that O
he O
assigned O
him O
Cyrus O
never O
let O
his O
zeal O
go O
unrewarded. O
In O
consequence O
he O
was O
said O
to O
have O
gained O
the O
very O
best O
supporters O
for O
every O
undertaking. O
[19] O
Furthermore O
whenever O
he O
saw O
that O
a O
man O
was O
a O
skilful O
and O
just O
administrator O
not O
only O
organizing O
well O
the O
country O
over O
which O
he O
ruled O
but O
producing O
revenues O
he O
would O
never O
deprive O
such O
a O
man O
of O
territory O
but O
would O
always O
give O
him O
more O
besides. O
The O
result O
was O
that O
they O
toiled O
with O
pleasure O
and O
accumulated O
with O
confidence O
and O
more O
than O
that O
no O
one O
would O
conceal O
from O
Cyrus O
the O
store O
which O
he O
had O
acquired; O
for O
it O
was O
clear O
that O
he O
did O
not O
envy O
those O
who O
were O
frankly O
and O
openly O
rich O
but O
strove O
to O
make O
use O
of O
the O
possessions O
of O
such O
as O
tried O
to O
conceal O
their O
wealth. O
[20] O
As O
to O
friends O
all O
agree O
that O
he O
showed O
himself O
pre O
eminent O
in O
his O
attentions O
to O
all O
the O
friends O
that O
he O
made O
and O
found O
devoted O
to O
him O
and O
adjudged O
to O
be O
competent O
co O
workers O
in O
whatever O
he O
might O
be O
wishing O
to O
accomplish. O
[21] O
For O
just O
as O
the O
precise O
object O
for O
which O
he O
thought O
he O
needed O
friends O
himself O
was O
that O
he O
might O
have O
co O
workers O
so O
he O
tried O
on O
his O
own O
part O
to O
be O
a O
most O
vigorous O
co O
worker O
with O
his O
friends O
to O
secure O
that O
which O
he O
found O
each O
one O
of O
them O
desired. O
[22] O
Again O
he O
received O
more O
gifts O
I O
presume O
than O
any O
other O
one O
man O
and O
for O
many O
reasons; O
and O
surely O
he O
of O
all O
men O
distributed O
gifts O
most O
generously O
among O
his O
friends O
with O
an O
eye O
to O
the O
tastes O
of O
each O
one O
and O
to O
whatever O
particular O
need O
he O
noted O
in O
each O
case. O
[23] O
As O
for O
all O
the O
gifts O
which O
people O
sent O
him O
to O
wear O
upon O
his O
person O
whether O
intended O
for O
war O
or O
merely O
for O
show O
it O
is O
reported O
that O
he O
said O
of O
them O
that O
his O
own O
person O
could O
not O
be O
adorned O
with O
all O
these O
things O
but O
that O
in O
his O
opinion O
friends O
nobly O
adorned O
were O
a O
man's O
greatest O
ornament. O
[24] O
To O
be O
sure O
the O
fact O
that O
he O
outdid O
his O
friends O
in O
the O
greatness O
of O
the O
benefits O
he O
conferred O
is O
nothing O
surprising O
for O
the O
manifest O
reason O
that O
he O
had O
greater O
means O
than O
they; O
but O
that O
he O
surpassed O
them O
in O
solicitude O
and O
in O
eagerness O
to O
do O
favours O
this O
in O
my O
opinion O
is O
more O
admirable. O
[25] O
For O
example O
when O
Cyrus O
got O
some O
particularly O
good O
wine O
he O
would O
often O
send O
the O
half O
emptied O
jar O
to O
a O
friend O
with O
the O
message O
“Cyrus O
says O
that O
he O
has O
not O
chanced O
upon O
better O
wine O
than O
this O
for O
a O
long O
time; O
so O
he O
sends O
it O
to O
you O
and O
asks O
you O
to O
drink O
it O
up O
today O
in O
company O
with O
the O
friends O
you O
love O
best.” O
[26] O
So O
he O
would O
often O
send O
halves O
of O
geese O
and O
of O
loaves O
and O
so O
forth O
instructing O
the O
bearer O
to O
add O
the O
message O
“Cyrus O
enjoyed O
this O
and O
therefore O
wants O
you O
also O
to O
take O
a O
taste O
of O
it.” O
[27] O
And O
wherever O
fodder O
was O
exceedingly O
scarce O
and O
he O
was O
able O
to O
get O
it O
for O
his O
own O
use O
because O
of O
the O
large O
number O
of O
his O
servants O
and O
because O
of O
his O
good O
planning O
he O
would O
distribute O
this O
fodder O
among O
his O
friends O
and O
tell O
them O
to O
give O
it O
to O
the O
horses O
that O
carried O
their O
own O
bodies O
that O
they O
might O
not O
be O
hungry O
while O
carrying O
his O
friends. O
[28] O
And O
whenever O
he O
was O
on O
the O
march O
and O
was O
likely O
to O
be O
seen O
by O
very O
many O
people O
he O
would O
call O
his O
friends O
to O
him O
and O
engage O
them O
in O
earnest O
conversation O
in O
order O
to O
show O
whom O
he O
honoured. O
Hence O
as O
I O
at O
least O
conclude O
from O
what O
comes O
to O
my O
ears O
no O
man O
Greek O
or O
barbarian O
has O
ever O
been O
loved O
by O
a O
greater O
number O
of O
people. O
[29] O
Here O
is O
a O
fact O
to O
confirm O
that O
conclusion O
although O
Cyrus O
was O
a O
slave O
75 O
no O
one O
deserted O
him O
to O
join O
the O
King O
save O
that O
Orontas O
attempted O
to O
do O
so O
(and O
he O
mark O
you O
speedily O
found O
out O
that O
the O
man O
he O
imagined O
was O
faithful O
to O
him O
was O
more O
devoted O
to O
Cyrus O
than O
to O
him); O
on O
the O
other O
hand O
many O
went O
over O
from O
the O
King O
to O
Cyrus O
after O
the O
two O
had O
become O
enemies O
(these O
being O
moreover O
the O
men O
who O
were O
most O
highly O
regarded O
by O
the O
King) O
because O
they O
thought O
that O
if O
they O
were O
deserving O
they O
would O
gain O
a O
worthier O
reward O
with O
Cyrus O
than O
with O
the O
King. O
[30] O
Furthermore O
what O
happened O
to O
Cyrus O
at O
the O
end O
of O
his O
life O
is O
a O
strong O
indication O
that O
he O
was O
a O
true O
man O
himself O
and O
that O
he O
knew O
how O
to O
judge O
those O
who O
were O
faithful O
devoted O
and O
constant. O
[31] O
When O
he O
died O
namely O
all O
his O
bodyguard O
of O
friends O
and O
table O
companions O
died O
fighting O
in O
his O
defence O
with O
the O
exception O
of O
Ariaeus; O
he O
it O
chanced O
was O
stationed O
on O
the O
left O
wing O
at O
the O
head O
of O
the O
cavalry O
and O
when O
he O
learned O
that O
Cyrus O
had O
fallen O
he O
took O
to O
flight O
with O
the O
whole O
army O
that O
he O
commanded. O
10. O
Then O
the O
head O
of O
Cyrus O
and O
his O
right O
hand O
were O
cut O
off. O
But O
the O
King O
pursuing O
Ariaeus O
burst O
into O
the O
camp O
of O
Cyrus; O
and O
Ariaeus O
and O
his O
men O
no O
longer O
stood O
their O
ground O
but O
fled O
through O
their O
own O
camp O
to O
the O
stopping O
place O
from O
which O
they O
had O
set O
out O
that O
morning O
a O
distance O
it O
was O
said O
of O
four O
parasangs. O
[2] O
So O
the O
King O
and O
his O
troops O
proceeded O
to O
secure O
plunder O
of O
various O
sorts O
in O
abundance O
while O
in O
particular O
he O
captured O
the O
Phocaean O
woman O
Cyrus' O
concubine O
who O
by O
all O
accounts O
was O
clever O
and O
beautiful. O
[3] O
The O
Milesian O
woman O
however O
the O
younger O
one O
after O
being O
seized O
by O
the O
King's O
men O
made O
her O
escape O
lightly O
clad O
to O
some O
Greeks O
who O
had O
chanced O
to O
be O
standing O
guard O
amid O
the O
baggage O
train O
and O
forming O
themselves O
in O
line O
against O
the O
enemy O
had O
killed O
many O
of O
the O
plunderers O
although O
some O
of O
their O
own O
number O
had O
been O
killed O
also; O
nevertheless O
they O
did O
not O
take O
to O
flight O
but O
they O
saved O
this O
woman O
and O
furthermore O
whatever O
else O
came O
within O
their O
lines O
whether O
persons O
or O
property O
they O
saved O
all O
alike. O
[4] O
At O
this O
time O
the O
King O
and O
the O
Greeks O
were O
distant O
from O
one O
another O
about O
thirty O
stadia O
the O
Greeks O
pursuing O
the O
troops O
in O
their O
front O
in O
the O
belief O
that O
they O
were O
victorious O
over O
all O
the O
enemy O
the O
King O
and O
his O
followers O
plundering O
in O
the O
belief O
that O
they O
were O
all O
victorious O
already. O
[5] O
When O
however O
the O
Greeks O
learned O
that O
the O
King O
and O
his O
forces O
were O
in O
their O
baggage O
train O
and O
the O
King O
on O
the O
other O
hand O
heard O
from O
Tissaphernes O
that O
the O
Greeks O
were O
victorious O
over O
the O
division O
opposite O
them O
and O
had O
gone O
on O
ahead O
in O
pursuit O
then O
the O
King O
proceeded O
to O
gather O
his O
troops B-LOC
together O
and O
form O
them O
in O
line O
of O
battle O
and O
Clearchus O
called O
Proxenus O
(for O
he O
was O
nearest B-LOC
him O
in O
the O
line) O
and O
took O
counsel O
with O
him O
as O
to O
whether O
they O
should O
send O
a O
detachment O
or O
go O
in O
full O
force O
to B-LOC
the I-LOC
camp O
for O
the O
purpose O
of O
lending O
aid. O
[6] O
Meanwhile O
the O
Greeks O
saw O
the O
King O
advancing O
again O
as O
it O
seemed O
from O
their O
rear O
and O
they O
accordingly O
countermarched O
and O
made O
ready O
to O
meet O
his O
attack O
in O
case O
he O
should O
advance O
in O
that O
direction76; O
the O
King O
however O
did O
not O
do O
so O
but O
returned O
by O
the O
same O
route O
he O
had O
followed O
before O
when O
he O
passed O
outside O
of O
Cyrus' O
left O
wing O
and O
in O
his O
return O
picked O
up O
not O
only O
those O
who O
had O
deserted B-LOC
to O
the O
Greeks O
during O
the O
battle O
but O
also O
Tissaphernes O
and B-LOC
his O
troops. O
[7] O
For O
Tissaphernes O
had O
not O
taken O
to O
flight O
in O
the O
first O
encounter O
but O
had O
charged O
along O
the O
river O
through O
the O
Greek O
peltasts77; O
he O
did O
not O
kill O
anyone O
in O
his O
passage O
but O
the O
Greeks O
after O
opening O
a O
gap B-LOC
for I-LOC
his O
men O
proceeded O
to O
deal O
blows O
and O
throw O
javelins O
upon O
them O
as O
they O
went O
through. O
The O
commander O
of O
the O
Greek O
peltasts O
was O
Episthenes O
of B-LOC
Amphipolis O
and O
it O
was O
said O
that O
he O
proved O
himself O
a O
sagacious O
man. O
[8] O
At O
any O
rate O
after O
Tissaphernes O
had O
thus O
come O
off O
with O
the O
worst O
of O
it O
he O
did O
not O
wheel O
round O
again O
but O
went O
on O
to O
the O
camp O
of O
the O
Greeks O
and O
there O
fell O
in O
with O
the O
King; O
so O
it O
was O
that O
after O
forming O
their O
lines O
once O
more O
they O
were O
proceeding O
together. O
[9] O
When O
they O
were O
over O
against O
the O
left O
wing O
of O
the O
Greeks O
78 O
the O
latter B-LOC
conceived O
the O
fear O
that O
they O
might O
advance O
against O
that O
wing O
and O
by O
outflanking O
them O
on O
both O
sides O
cut O
them O
to O
pieces; O
they O
thought O
it O
best O
therefore O
to O
draw O
the O
wing O
back O
and O
get O
the O
river O
in O
their O
rear.79 O
[10] O
But O
while O
they O
were O
taking O
counsel O
about O
this O
matter O
the O
King O
had O
already O
changed O
his O
line O
of O
battle O
to O
the O
same O
form O
as O
theirs O
and O
brought O
it O
into O
position O
opposite O
them B-LOC
just I-LOC
as O
when O
he O
had O
met O
them O
for O
battle O
the O
first O
time.80 O
And O
when O
the O
Greeks O
saw O
that O
the O
enemy O
were O
near O
them O
and O
in O
battle O
order O
they O
again O
struck O
up O
the O
paean O
and O
advanced O
to O
the O
attack O
much O
more O
eagerly O
than O
before; O
[11] O
and O
the O
barbarians O
once O
again O
failed O
to O
await O
the O
attack O
but O
took O
to O
flight O
when O
at O
a O
greater O
distance O
from O
the O
Greeks O
than O
they O
were O
the O
first O
time. O
[12] O
The O
Greeks O
pursued O
as O
far O
as B-LOC
a I-LOC
certain I-LOC
village O
and O
there O
they O
halted; O
for O
above O
the O
village O
was O
a O
hill O
upon O
which O
the O
King O
and O
his O
followers O
rallied; O
and O
they O
were O
not O
now O
foot O
soldiers O
but O
the O
hill O
was O
covered O
with O
horsemen O
so O
that O
the B-LOC
Greeks O
could O
not O
perceive O
what O
was O
going O
on. O
They O
did O
see O
they O
said O
the O
royal O
standard O
a O
kind O
of O
golden O
eagle O
on O
a O
shield O
raised O
aloft O
upon O
a O
pole. O
[13] O
But O
when O
at O
this O
point O
also B-LOC
the O
Greeks O
resumed O
their O
forward O
movement O
the O
horsemen O
at O
once O
proceeded O
to O
leave O
the O
hill; O
they O
did O
not O
keep O
together O
however O
as O
they O
went O
but O
scattered O
in O
different O
directions; O
so O
the O
hill O
became O
gradually O
cleared O
of O
the O
horsemen O
till O
at O
last O
they O
were O
all O
gone. O
[14] O
Clearchus O
accordingly O
did O
not O
lead O
the O
army O
up O
the O
hill O
but O
halted O
at O
its O
foot O
and O
sent O
Lycius O
the O
Syracusan O
and O
another O
man O
to O
the O
summit O
directing O
them O
to O
observe O
what O
was O
beyond O
the O
hill O
and O
report O
back O
to B-LOC
him. O
[15] O
And O
Lycius O
after O
riding O
up O
and O
looking O
brought O
back O
word O
that O
the O
enemy O
were O
in O
headlong O
flight. O
[16] O
At O
about O
this O
time O
the O
sun O
set. O
Then O
the O
Greeks O
halted O
grounded O
arms O
and O
proceeded O
to O
rest O
themselves. O
At O
the O
same O
time O
they O
wondered O
that O
Cyrus O
was O
nowhere O
to O
be O
seen O
and O
that O
no O
one O
else O
had O
come O
to B-LOC
them I-LOC
from O
him; O
for O
they O
did O
not O
know O
that O
he O
was O
dead O
but O
conjectured O
that O
he O
had O
either O
gone O
off O
in O
pursuit O
or O
pushed O
on O
to O
occupy O
some O
point. O
[17] O
So O
they O
took O
counsel O
for O
themselves O
as O
to O
whether O
they O
should O
remain O
where O
they O
were O
and B-LOC
bring I-LOC
the O
baggage O
train O
thither O
or O
return O
to O
their O
camp. O
The O
decision O
was O
to O
return O
and O
they O
reached O
their O
tents O
about O
supper O
time. O
[18] O
Such O
was O
the O
conclusion O
of O
this O
day. O
They O
found O
most B-LOC
of O
their O
property O
pillaged O
in O
particular O
whatever O
there O
was O
to O
eat O
or O
drink O
and O
as O
for O
the O
wagons O
loaded O
with O
flour O
and O
wine O
which O
Cyrus O
had O
provided O
in O
order O
that O
if O
ever O
serious O
need O
should O
overtake O
the O
army O
he O
might O
have O
supplies O
to O
distribute O
among O
the O
Greeks O
(and O
there O
were O
four O
hundred O
of O
these O
wagons O
it O
was O
said) O
these O
also O
the O
King O
and O
his O
men O
had O
now O
pillaged. O
[19] B-LOC
The O
result O
was O
that O
most O
of O
the O
Greeks O
had O
no O
dinner; O
and O
they O
had O
had O
no O
breakfast O
either O
for O
the O
King O
had O
appeared O
before O
the O
time O
when O
the O
army O
was O
to O
halt O
for O
breakfast. O
Thus O
it O
was O
then O
that O
they O
got O
through O
this O
night. O