I. O
AFTER O
him O
MAXIMIN B-PER
came O
to O
the O
throne O
the O
first O
emperor O
that O
was O
elected O
from O
the O
army O
by O
the O
will O
of O
the O
soldiers O
no O
approbation O
of O
the O
senate O
being O
given O
and O
he O
himself B-PER
not I-PER
being O
a O
senator. O
After O
conducting O
a O
successful O
war O
against O
the O
Germans O
and O
being O
on O
that O
account O
saluted O
Imperator O
by O
his O
troops O
he O
was O
slain O
by O
Pupienus O
at B-PER
Aquileia I-PER
together B-LOC
with O
his O
son O
who O
was O
then O
but O
a O
boy O
his O
soldiers O
forsaking O
him. O
He O
had O
reigned O
with O
his O
son O
three O
years O
and O
a O
few O
days. O
II. O
There O
were O
then O
three O
emperors O
at O
the O
same O
time O
PUPIENUS O
BALBINUS O
and B-PER
GORDIAN B-PER
the O
two O
former B-PER
of O
very O
obscure O
origin O
the O
last O
of O
noble O
birth; O
for O
the O
elder O
Gordian O
his O
father O
had B-PER
been O
chosen O
prince O
by O
the O
consent O
of O
the O
soldiery O
in O
the O
reign O
of O
Maximin O
when O
he O
held O
the B-PER
proconsulship O
of O
Africa. O
When O
Balbinus O
and B-LOC
Pupienus O
came B-PER
to O
Rome O
they B-PER
were O
killed O
in O
the O
palace; O
and O
the O
empire O
was O
given O
to O
Gordian O
alone. O
After O
Gordian B-PER
when O
quite O
a O
boy B-PER
had I-PER
married O
Tranquillina O
at O
Rome O
he O
opened B-PER
the I-PER
temple O
of O
Janus O
and O
setting O
out B-LOC
for I-LOC
the B-PER
|518 O
east O
made O
war O
upon O
the O
Parthians O
who O
were O
then O
proceeding O
to O
make O
an O
irruption. O
This O
war O
he O
soon O
conducted O
with O
success O
and O
made O
havoc O
of O
the O
Persians O
in O
great O
battles. O
As O
he B-PER
was I-PER
returning O
he O
was O
killed O
not O
far O
from O
the O
Roman O
boundaries O
by O
the O
treachery O
of O
Philip O
who O
reigned O
after O
him. O
The O
Roman B-PER
soldiers O
raised O
a O
monument O
for O
him O
twenty O
miles O
from O
Circessus O
which O
is O
now O
a O
fortress O
of B-LOC
the I-LOC
Romans O
overlooking O
the O
Euphrates. O
His O
relics O
they O
brought O
to B-LOC
Rome I-LOC
and O
gave O
him O
the O
title O
of O
god. O
III. B-LOC
When O
Gordian O
was O
killed O
the O
two O
PHILIPS O
father O
and B-PER
son O
seized O
on O
the O
government O
and O
having O
brought O
off O
the O
army O
safe O
set O
out O
from O
Syria O
for O
Italy. O
In B-PER
their I-PER
reign O
the O
thousandth O
year O
of B-LOC
the I-LOC
city O
of O
Rome O
was O
celebrated O
with O
games O
and O
spectacles O
of O
vast O
magnificence. O
Soon O
after O
both O
of O
them O
were O
put O
to O
death O
by O
the O
soldiery; O
the O
elder O
Philip O
at O
Verona O
the O
younger O
at O
Rome. O
They O
reigned O
but O
five O
years. O
They O
were O
however B-LOC
ranked O
among O
the O
gods. O
IV. O
After O
these O
DECIUS O
a O
native O
of O
Lower O
Pannonia O
born O
at O
Budalia O
assumed B-PER
the O
government. O
He B-LOC
suppressed I-LOC
a O
civil B-LOC
war I-LOC
which O
had O
been O
raised O
in O
Gaul. O
He O
created O
his O
son O
Caesar. O
He O
built O
a O
bath O
at B-LOC
Rome. I-LOC
When O
he O
and O
his O
son O
had O
reigned O
two O
years O
they O
were O
both O
killed O
in O
the O
country O
of O
the O
Barbarians O
and O
enrolled O
among O
the O
gods. O
V. B-LOC
Immediately I-LOC
after I-LOC
GALLUS O
HOSTILIANUS O
and O
VOLUSIANUS O
the O
son O
of O
Gallus O
were O
created B-PER
emperors. B-PER
In O
their B-PER
reign I-PER
Aemilianus O
attempted B-PER
an O
insurrection O
in O
Moesia; O
and O
both O
60 B-PER
of I-PER
them I-PER
setting O
out O
to O
stop O
his O
progress O
were B-LOC
slain O
at O
Interamna O
when O
they O
had O
not O
quite O
completed O
a O
reign O
of O
two O
years. B-LOC
They I-LOC
did O
nothing O
of O
any O
account. O
Their O
reign O
was O
remarkable O
only O
for O
a O
pestilence O
and O
for O
other O
diseases O
and O
afflictions. O
VI. O
AEMILIANUS O
was O
little O
distinguished O
by O
birth O
and O
less O
distinguished O
by B-PER
his O
reign O
in O
the O
third O
month O
of O
which O
he O
was O
cut O
off. O
61 O
VII. O
LICINIUS O
VALERIAN O
who O
was O
then O
employed O
in O
Rhaetia O
and O
Noricum O
was O
next B-PER
made I-PER
general I-PER
by O
the O
army O
and O
soon O
after O
emperor. B-LOC
GALLIENUS B-LOC
also O
received O
the O
title O
of O
Caesar O
from O
the O
senate O
at O
Rome. O
The B-PER
reign I-PER
of O
these O
princes O
was O
|519 O
injurious O
and O
almost O
fatal O
to B-LOC
the O
Roman O
name O
either O
through O
their O
ill O
fortune O
or O
want O
of O
energy. O
The O
Germans O
advanced O
as O
far O
as O
Ravenna. O
Valerian O
while O
he O
was O
occupied O
in O
a O
war O
in O
Mesopotamia O
was O
overthrown O
by B-PER
Sapor I-PER
king O
of O
Persia O
and O
being O
soon O
after O
made B-LOC
prisoner I-LOC
grew O
old O
in O
ignominious O
slavery B-PER
among I-PER
the O
Parthians. O
VIII. O
Gallienus O
who O
was O
made O
emperor O
when O
quite O
a O
young O
man O
exercised O
his O
power O
at O
first B-PER
happily I-PER
afterwards O
fairly O
and O
at O
last O
mischievously. O
In O
his O
youth O
he O
performed O
many O
gallant O
acts O
in O
Gaul O
and O
Illyricum O
killing O
Ingenuus O
who O
had O
assumed O
the O
purple O
at O
Mursa O
and O
Regalianus. O
He B-LOC
was I-LOC
then I-LOC
for O
a O
long O
time B-PER
quiet O
and O
gentle; O
afterwards O
abandoning O
himself O
to B-PER
all I-PER
manner O
of O
licentiousness O
he O
relaxed O
the O
reins O
of O
government O
with O
disgraceful O
inactivity O
and O
carelesness. O
The O
Alemanni O
having O
laid O
waste O
Gaul O
penetrated O
into O
Italy. O
Dacia O
which O
had O
been O
added O
to O
the O
empire O
beyond O
the O
Danube O
was B-LOC
lost. O
Greece O
Macedonia O
Pontus O
Asia O
were O
devastated O
by O
the O
Goths. O
Pannonia O
was O
depopulated B-LOC
by O
the O
Sarmatians B-LOC
and B-LOC
Quadi. O
The B-LOC
Germans B-LOC
made O
their O
way O
as O
far O
as O
Spain O
and O
took O
the O
noble O
city O
of O
Tarraco. O
The O
Parthians O
after O
taking O
possession O
of O
Mesopotamia O
began B-LOC
to O
bring O
Syria O
under O
their O
power. B-LOC
IX. O
When O
affairs O
were O
in O
this O
desperate O
condition O
and B-LOC
the O
Roman O
empire O
almost B-LOC
ruined O
POSTUMUS O
a O
man O
of O
very O
obscure O
birth O
assumed O
the O
purple O
in O
Gaul O
and O
held O
the O
government O
with O
such O
ability O
for B-PER
ten O
years O
that O
he O
recruited O
the O
provinces O
which O
had O
been B-LOC
almost O
ruined O
by O
his O
great O
energy O
and O
judgment; O
but O
he O
was O
killed O
in O
a O
mutiny O
of O
the O
army O
because O
he O
would O
not O
deliver O
up O
Moguntiacum O
which O
had O
rebelled O
against O
him O
to O
be O
plundered O
by O
the O
soldiers O
at O
the O
time O
when O
Lucius O
Aelianus O
was B-LOC
endeavouring I-LOC
to O
effect O
a O
change O
of O
government. O
After O
him O
Marius O
a O
contemptible O
mechanic O
63 O
assumed B-PER
the I-PER
purple I-PER
and O
was O
killed O
two O
days O
after. O
Victorinus O
then O
took O
on O
himself O
the O
government O
of O
Gaul; O
a O
man O
of O
great O
energy; O
but O
as O
he O
was O
abandoned O
to O
excessive O
licentiousness B-PER
and O
corrupted O
other O
men's O
wives O
he B-LOC
was O
assassinated O
at O
|520 O
Agrippina O
64 O
in O
the O
second O
year O
of O
his O
reign O
one O
of O
his O
secretaries O
having O
contrived O
a O
plot O
against O
him. O
X. O
To O
him O
succeeded O
Tetricus O
a O
senator O
who O
when O
he O
was O
governing O
Aquitania O
with O
the O
title O
of O
prefect O
was O
chosen O
emperor O
in O
his O
absence O
and O
assumed B-PER
the O
purple O
at O
Bourdeaux. O
He O
had O
to O
endure O
many B-LOC
insurrections O
among O
the O
soldiery. O
But O
while O
these O
transactions O
were O
passing O
in O
Gaul O
the O
Persians O
in B-LOC
the O
east O
were O
overthrown O
by O
Odenathus O
who O
having O
defended O
Syria O
and O
recovered O
Mesopotamia O
penetrated O
into B-LOC
the O
country O
as O
far O
as O
Ctesiphon. O
XI. O
Thus O
while O
Gallienus B-PER
abandoned O
the O
government O
the B-LOC
Roman O
empire O
was B-LOC
saved I-LOC
in O
the O
west O
by O
Posthumus O
and O
in O
the O
east O
by B-LOC
Odenathus. I-LOC
Meanwhile O
Gallienus O
was B-PER
killed O
at O
Milan O
together O
with O
his O
brother O
in O
the O
ninth O
year O
of O
his O
reign B-PER
and I-PER
CLAUDIUS O
succeeded O
him O
being B-PER
chosen O
by O
the O
soldiers B-PER
and O
declared O
emperor B-LOC
by O
the O
senate. O
Claudius O
defeated O
the O
Goths O
who O
were O
laying O
waste O
Illyricum B-PER
and O
Macedonia O
in O
a O
great O
battle. O
He O
was O
a O
frugal O
and O
modest O
man O
strictly O
observant O
of B-PER
justice O
and O
well O
qualified O
for O
governing O
the O
empire. B-LOC
He O
was B-LOC
however I-LOC
carried O
off O
by O
disease O
within O
two O
years O
after O
he O
began O
to O
reign O
and O
had O
the O
title O
of O
a O
god. O
The O
senate O
honoured O
him O
with O
extraordinary O
distinctions O
insomuch O
that O
a O
golden O
shield O
was O
hung O
up O
to O
him O
in O
the O
senate O
house O
and O
a O
golden O
statue O
erected O
to O
him O
in O
the O
Capitol. O
XII. O
After O
him O
QUINTILLUS O
the O
brother O
of O
Claudius O
was O
elected O
emperor O
by O
agreement O
among O
the O
soldiers O
a O
man O
of O
singular O
moderation O
and O
aptitude O
for O
governing O
comparable O
or B-PER
perhaps O
superior O
to B-PER
his I-PER
brother. O
He O
received O
the O
title O
of O
emperor O
with O
the O
consent O
of O
the O
senate O
and O
was O
killed O
on O
the O
seventeenth O
day O
of O
his O
reign. O
XIII. O
After O
his O
death O
AURELIAN O
succeeded O
to O
the O
throne. O
He O
was O
born O
in O
Dacia O
Ripensis O
and O
was O
a O
man O
of O
ability O
in O
war O
but O
of O
an O
ungovernable O
temper O
and O
too O
much O
inclined O
to O
cruelty. O
He B-PER
defeated O
the O
Goths O
with O
great O
vigour O
and O
extended B-LOC
the I-LOC
Roman O
empire O
by O
various O
successes O
in O
the O
field O
to O
its O
former O
limits. O
He O
overthrew O
Tetricus O
at O
Catalauni O
65 O
|521 O
in O
Gaul O
Tetricus O
himself O
indeed O
betraying O
his O
own O
army O
whose O
constant O
mutinies O
he O
was O
unable O
to O
bear; O
and O
he O
had O
even O
by O
secret O
letters O
entreated B-PER
Aurelian B-LOC
to O
march O
towards B-LOC
him B-PER
using I-PER
among O
other O
solicitations O
the O
verse O
of O
Virgil O
Eripe O
me O
his O
invicte O
malis. O
Unconquer'd O
hero O
free O
me O
from O
these O
ills. O
He O
also O
took O
prisoner B-PER
Zenobia O
who O
having O
killed O
her O
husband O
Odenathus O
was O
mistress O
of O
the O
east B-PER
in I-PER
a O
battle O
of O
no O
great O
importance O
near O
Antioch O
and O
entering O
Rome O
celebrated O
a O
magnificent O
triumph O
as O
recoverer O
of O
the O
east O
and O
the O
west O
Tetricus O
66 B-PER
and I-PER
Zenobia I-PER
going O
before O
his O
chariot. O
This O
Tetricus O
was O
afterwards O
governor O
of B-LOC
Lucania I-LOC
and O
lived O
long B-LOC
after O
he O
was O
divested O
of O
the O
purple. O
Zenobia O
left O
descendants O
who O
still O
live O
at B-PER
Rome. I-PER
XIV. O
In B-PER
his I-PER
reign O
the O
people O
of O
the O
mint O
raised O
a B-PER
rebellion O
in O
the O
city O
after O
having B-LOC
adulterated O
the O
money O
and O
put O
to O
death O
Felicissimus O
the O
commissioner B-PER
of O
the O
treasury. O
Aurelian O
suppressed O
them O
with O
the O
utmost O
severity; O
several O
noblemen O
he O
condemned O
to O
death. O
He O
was O
indeed O
cruel O
and O
sanguinary O
and O
rather O
an O
emperor O
necessary B-PER
for O
the O
times O
in O
some O
respects O
than O
an B-PER
amiable I-PER
one O
in O
any. O
He O
was O
always O
severe O
and O
put O
to O
death O
even O
the O
son O
of O
his O
own O
sister. O
He O
was O
however O
a O
reformer O
in O
a O
great O
degree O
of O
military O
discipline O
and O
dissoluteness O
of O
manners. O
XV. O
He O
surrounded O
the O
city O
of O
Rome O
with O
stronger O
walls. O
He O
built O
a O
temple O
to O
the O
Sun O
in O
which O
he O
put O
a O
vast O
quantity O
of O
gold O
and O
precious O
stones. O
The O
province O
of O
Dacia O
which O
Trajan O
had O
formed O
beyond O
the O
Danube O
he O
gave O
up O
despairing O
after O
all O
Illyricum O
and O
Moesia O
had O
been B-LOC
depopulated I-LOC
of O
being O
able O
to O
retain O
it. O
The O
Roman O
citizens O
removed O
from O
the O
town O
and O
lands O
of B-LOC
Dacia O
he O
settled B-PER
in O
the O
interior O
of O
Moesia O
calling O
that O
Dacia O
which O
now O
divides O
the B-LOC
two I-LOC
Moesiae O
and B-LOC
which O
is O
on O
the O
right O
hand O
of O
the O
Danube O
as O
it O
runs O
to O
the O
sea O
whereas O
Dacia O
was O
previously O
on O
the O
left. O
He B-LOC
was I-LOC
killed O
through O
the O
treachery O
of O
one B-LOC
of O
his O
own O
slaves O
who B-LOC
carried O
to O
certain O
military O
men B-LOC
the O
friends O
of O
Aurelian O
their O
own O
names O
entered B-LOC
upon O
a O
list O
having O
counterfeited O
the B-LOC
hand O
of O
Aurelian O
and O
making O
it O
appear O
that O
he O
intended O
to O
put O
them O
to O
death. O
That O
he O
might O
be O
prevented O
from O
doing O
so O
he O
was O
assassinated O
|522 O
by B-PER
them I-PER
in O
the O
middle O
of O
the O
road O
the O
old O
paved O
way O
which O
is O
between O
Constantinople O
and B-PER
Heraclea. O
The O
place O
is O
called O
Caenophrurium. O
But O
his O
death O
was O
not O
unavenged.67 O
He O
also O
gained O
the O
honour O
of O
being O
enrolled O
among O
the O
gods. O
He O
reigned O
five O
years O
and O
six O
months. O
XVI. O
After O
him O
TACITUS O
succeeded B-LOC
to I-LOC
the O
throne; B-LOC
a O
man O
of O
excellent O
morals O
and B-LOC
well I-LOC
qualified O
to O
govern O
the O
empire. O
He O
was O
unable O
however O
to O
show O
the O
world O
anything O
remarkable O
being O
cut O
off O
by O
death O
in O
the O
sixth O
mouth O
of O
his O
reign. O
FLORIANUS O
who O
succeeded O
Tacitus O
was O
on O
the O
throne O
only O
two O
mouths O
and O
twenty O
days O
and O
did O
nothing O
worthy O
of O
mention. O
XVII. O
PROBUS O
then O
succeeded O
to O
the O
government O
a O
man O
rendered O
illustrious O
by O
the O
distinction O
which O
he O
obtained O
in B-PER
war. I-PER
He O
recovered O
Gaul B-PER
which I-PER
had O
been O
seized O
by O
the O
Barbarians O
by O
remarkable O
successes O
in O
the O
field. O
He O
also O
suppressed O
in B-PER
several I-PER
battles O
some O
persons O
that O
attempted O
to O
seize O
the O
throne O
as O
Saturninus O
in O
the O
east O
and O
Proculus O
and O
Bonosus O
at O
Agrippina. O
He O
allowed O
the O
Gauls O
and O
Cannonians O
to O
have O
vineyards. O
By O
obliging O
his O
soldiers O
to O
work O
too O
he O
planted O
vineyards O
on O
Mount O
Alma O
in O
Sirmium O
and O
on O
Mount O
Aureus O
in O
Upper O
Moesia O
and B-PER
left I-PER
them O
to O
the O
people O
of B-PER
the I-PER
provinces O
to O
cultivate. B-LOC
After O
he O
had O
gone O
through O
a O
great O
number O
of O
wars O
and O
had O
at O
last O
obtained O
peace O
he O
observed O
that O
"in O
a O
short O
time O
soldiers O
would B-LOC
not O
be B-LOC
wanted." I-LOC
He O
was O
a O
man B-LOC
of I-LOC
spirit O
activity O
and O
justice O
equalling O
Aurelian O
in O
military O
glory O
and O
surpassing O
him O
in O
affability O
of O
manners. O
He O
was O
killed O
however O
at O
Sirmium O
in O
an O
iron O
turret O
during O
an O
insurrection O
of O
the O
soldiery. O
He O
reigned O
six O
years O
and O
four O
months. O