BOOK O
VI B-PER
CHAPTER O
XVIII O
Seventeeth O
Year O
of O
the O
War O
The O
Sicilian B-PER
Campaign I-PER
Affair O
of O
the O
Hermae O
Departure B-PER
of O
the O
Expedition O
THE B-LOC
same O
winter O
the O
Athenians O
resolved B-PER
to O
sail O
again O
to O
Sicily O
with O
a B-LOC
greater O
armament O
than O
that O
under O
Laches O
and O
Eurymedon B-PER
and B-PER
if I-PER
possible I-PER
to O
conquer O
the O
island; O
most O
of O
them O
being O
ignorant O
of O
its O
size O
and O
of O
the O
number O
of O
its O
inhabitants O
Hellenic O
and O
barbarian O
and O
of O
the O
fact O
that O
they O
were O
undertaking O
a O
war O
not O
much O
inferior O
to O
that O
against O
the O
Peloponnesians. O
For O
the B-LOC
voyage I-LOC
round I-LOC
Sicily O
in O
a O
merchantman O
is B-LOC
not O
far O
short O
of O
eight O
days; O
and O
yet O
large O
as O
the O
island O
is O
there O
are O
only O
two O
miles O
of O
sea O
to O
prevent O
its O
being O
mainland. O
It O
was O
settled O
originally O
as O
follows O
and O
the O
peoples O
that O
occupied O
it O
are O
these. O
The O
earliest O
inhabitants O
spok O
en O
of O
in O
any O
part O
of O
the O
country O
are O
the O
Cyclopes O
and O
Laestrygones; O
but O
I O
cannot O
tell O
of B-LOC
what I-LOC
race I-LOC
they O
were O
or O
whence O
they O
came O
or O
whither O
they O
went B-PER
and O
must O
leave O
my O
readers O
to O
what O
the O
poets O
have O
said O
of O
them O
and O
to O
what O
may O
be O
generally O
known O
concerning O
them. O
The O
Sicanians O
appear O
to O
have O
been O
the O
next O
settlers B-PER
although O
they O
pretend O
to O
have O
been O
the O
first O
of O
all O
and O
aborigines; O
but O
the O
facts O
show O
that O
they O
were O
Iberians O
driven O
by O
the O
Ligurians O
from O
the O
river O
Sicanus O
in O
Ibe O
ria. O
It B-PER
was I-PER
from O
them O
that O
the O
island O
before B-LOC
called I-LOC
Trin O
acria O
took O
its O
name O
of O
Sicania O
and O
to O
the O
present B-LOC
day O
they O
inhabit O
the O
west B-LOC
of I-LOC
Sicily. O
On O
the O
fall O
of O
Ilium O
some O
of O
the O
Trojans O
escaped B-LOC
from B-PER
the O
Achaeans O
came O
in O
ships O
to O
Sicily B-PER
and O
settled O
next O
to O
the O
Sicanians O
under O
412 O
COLONIZATION O
OF O
SICILY O
[2 O
3 O
4 O
the O
general O
name O
of O
Elymi; O
their O
towns O
being O
called B-LOC
Eryx O
and O
Egesta. O
With O
them O
settled O
some O
of O
the O
Phocians O
carried O
on B-PER
their O
way B-PER
from O
Troy O
by O
a O
storm O
first O
to O
.Libya O
and B-LOC
afterwards O
from O
thence O
to O
Sicily. O
The O
Sicels O
crossed O
over O
to B-LOC
Sicily O
from O
their O
first O
home O
Italy O
flying B-LOC
from B-LOC
the I-LOC
Opicans O
as O
tradition O
says O
and O
as O
seems O
not O
unlikely O
upon O
rafts O
having O
watched O
till O
the O
wind O
set O
down O
the O
strait O
to O
effect O
the O
passage; O
although O
perhaps O
they O
may O
have O
sailed O
over O
in O
some O
other O
way. O
Even O
at O
the O
present O
day O
there O
are O
still O
Sicels O
in O
Italy; O
and O
the O
country O
got O
its O
name O
of O
Italy O
from O
Italus O
a O
king O
of O
the O
Sicels O
so B-LOC
called. O
These O
went O
with O
a O
great O
host O
to B-LOC
Sicily O
defeated B-LOC
the O
Sicanians O
in O
battle O
and O
forced O
them B-PER
to O
re O
move O
to O
the O
south O
and B-LOC
west I-LOC
of O
the O
island O
which B-PER
thus I-PER
came O
to O
be O
called O
Sicily O
instead O
of O
Sicania O
and O
after O
they O
crossed O
over O
continued O
to O
enjoy O
the O
richest O
parts B-LOC
of O
the O
country O
for B-LOC
near O
three O
hundred O
years O
before O
any O
Hellenes O
came O
to O
Sicily; O
indeed O
they O
still O
hold O
the O
centre O
and O
north O
of O
the O
island. O
There O
were O
also O
Phoenicians O
living B-PER
all O
round O
Sicily O
who O
had O
occupied O
promontories O
upon O
the O
sea O
coasts O
and O
the B-LOC
islets I-LOC
adjacent O
for O
the O
purpose O
of O
trading O
with O
the O
Sicels. O
But O
when O
the O
Hel O
lenes O
began O
to O
arrive O
in O
considerable O
numbers O
by O
sea O
the O
Phoenicians O
abandoned O
most O
of B-PER
their O
stations B-LOC
and O
draw O
ing O
together O
took O
up O
their O
abode O
in O
Motye O
Soloeis O
and O
Panormus O
near O
the O
Elymi O
partly O
because O
they O
confided O
in O
their O
alliance O
and O
also O
because O
these O
are B-LOC
the O
nearest O
points B-PER
for O
the O
voyage B-LOC
between O
Carthage O
and O
Sicily. O
These O
were O
the O
barbarians O
in O
Sicily O
settled O
as O
I O
have O
said. O
Of O
the O
Hellenes O
the O
first O
to O
arrive B-LOC
were O
Chalcidians B-LOC
from O
Euboea O
with O
Thucles O
their O
founder. B-LOC
They O
founded O
Naxos O
and O
built O
the O
altar O
to O
Apollo O
Archegetes O
which O
now B-LOC
stands I-LOC
outside O
the B-LOC
town O
and O
upon O
which O
the O
depu O
ties O
for O
the O
games O
sacrifice O
before O
sailing O
from B-PER
Sicily. O
Syracuse O
was O
founded O
the O
year O
afterwards O
by O
Archias O
one O
of O
the O
Heraclids O
from O
Corinth O
who O
began O
by O
driv O
5 O
6] O
FOUNDATION O
OF O
GREEK B-LOC
TOWNS I-LOC
415 O
ing O
out O
the O
Sicels O
from O
the O
island B-PER
upon O
which O
the O
inner B-PER
city I-PER
now O
stands B-LOC
though O
it O
is O
no O
longer O
surrounded O
by O
water O
in B-LOC
process I-LOC
of O
time B-PER
the O
outer O
town O
also B-PER
was O
taken O
within O
the O
walls O
and O
became O
populous. O
Meanwhile O
Thu O
des O
and O
the O
Chalcidians O
set O
out O
from O
Naxos O
in O
the O
fifth O
year O
after O
the O
foundation O
of O
Syracuse O
and O
drove B-PER
out O
the O
Sicels O
by O
arms O
and B-PER
founded I-PER
Leontini O
and O
afterwards B-PER
Catana; O
the O
Catanians O
themselves O
choosing O
Evarchus O
as O
their O
founder. O
About B-LOC
the O
same O
time O
Lamis O
arrived O
in O
Sicily O
with O
a O
colony B-PER
from O
Megara O
and O
after O
founding B-PER
a B-PER
place I-PER
called O
Trotilus O
beyond O
the B-PER
river I-PER
Pantacyas O
and O
afterwards O
leav O
ing O
it O
and B-PER
for I-PER
a O
short O
while O
joining B-LOC
the O
Chalcidians O
at B-LOC
Leontini I-LOC
was O
driven O
out O
by O
them O
and O
founded O
Thapsus. O
After O
his O
death O
his O
companions O
were O
driven O
out O
of O
Thap O
sus O
and O
founded O
a B-PER
place O
called O
the B-PER
Hyblaean I-PER
Megara; O
Hyblon B-LOC
a O
Sicel O
king O
having O
given O
up O
the O
place B-LOC
and I-LOC
inviting O
them O
thither. O
Here O
they O
lived O
two O
hundred O
and B-LOC
forty O
five O
years; O
after O
which O
they O
were O
expelled B-LOC
from B-LOC
the O
city B-PER
and O
the B-PER
country O
by O
the O
Syracusan O
tyrant O
Gelo. O
Before O
their O
expulsion O
however B-PER
a O
hundred O
years O
after O
they O
had O
settled O
there O
they O
sent O
out O
Pamillus O
and O
found O
ed O
Selinus; O
he O
having O
come O
from O
their O
mother O
country O
Megara B-PER
to O
join O
them O
in O
its O
foundation. O
Gela O
was O
founded O
by O
Antiphemus O
from O
Rhodes O
and O
Entimus O
from O
Crete O
who O
joined O
in O
leading O
a B-PER
colony I-PER
thither O
in O
the O
forty O
fifth O
year O
after O
the B-LOC
foundation I-LOC
of O
Syracuse. O
The O
town O
took O
its O
name O
from O
the O
river B-PER
Gelas I-PER
the O
place B-PER
where O
the B-PER
cita I-PER
del O
now B-LOC
stands O
and O
which O
was O
first O
fortified O
being O
called O
Lindii. O
The O
institutions O
which O
they O
adopted O
were B-LOC
Dor O
ian. O
Near O
one O
hundred O
and O
eight O
years O
after B-LOC
the O
founda O
tion O
of O
Gela O
the O
Geloans O
founded O
Acragas O
(Agrigen O
tum) O
so O
called O
from O
the O
river O
of O
that O
name O
and O
made O
Aristonous B-PER
and O
Pystilus O
their B-LOC
founders; O
giving O
their O
own O
institutions O
to O
the O
colony. O
Zancle O
was O
originally B-PER
founded B-PER
by O
pirates O
from O
Cuma O
the O
Chalcidian O
town O
in O
the O
coun O
414 O
FOUNDATION O
OF O
GREEK O
TOWNS O
[5 B-PER
6 I-PER
try I-PER
of O
the B-PER
Opicans I-PER
afterwards O
however O
large O
numbers O
came O
from O
Chalcis O
and O
the O
rest B-PER
of I-PER
Euboea O
and O
helped O
to O
people O
the O
place; O
the B-LOC
founders O
being O
Perieres O
and O
Cra O
taemenes O
from O
Cuma O
and O
Chalcis O
respectively. B-PER
It O
first O
had O
the O
name O
of O
Zancle O
given O
it O
by O
the O
Sicels O
because O
the O
place B-PER
is O
shaped O
like O
a O
sickle B-LOC
which O
the O
Sicels O
call O
zanclon; O
but O
upon O
the O
original O
settlers O
being O
afterwards O
expelled O
by B-LOC
some O
Samians O
and O
other O
loanians O
who O
land O
ed O
in O
Sicily O
flying B-LOC
from O
the O
Medes O
and O
the O
Samians O
in O
their O
turn O
not O
long O
afterwards O
by O
Anaxilas B-PER
tyrant B-PER
of O
Rhegium O
the O
town O
was O
by O
him O
colonized O
with O
a O
mixed O
population O
and O
its O
name O
changed O
to B-PER
Messina O
after O
his O
old O
country. O
. O
Himera O
was B-LOC
founded O
from O
Zancle O
by O
Euclides O
Simus O
and O
Sacon O
most O
of O
those O
who O
went O
to O
the O
colony B-PER
being O
Ghalcidians; O
though O
they O
were O
joined O
by O
some O
exiles O
from O
Syracuse O
defeated O
in O
a O
civil O
war O
called O
the B-PER
Myle O
tidae. O
The O
langauge O
was O
a O
mixture B-PER
of O
Chalcidian O
and O
Doric B-LOC
but O
the B-PER
institutions I-PER
which O
prevailed B-LOC
were O
the O
Chalcidian. O
Acrae O
and O
Casmenae O
were O
founded O
by O
the O
Syracusans; O
Acrae O
seventy O
years O
after O
Syracuse B-LOC
Casmenae O
nearly O
twenty O
after O
Acrae. O
Camarina O
was O
first O
founded O
by O
the O
Syracusans O
close B-PER
upon I-PER
a O
hundred O
and O
thirty O
five O
years O
after B-PER
the O
building O
of O
Syracuse; O
its B-PER
founders B-LOC
being O
Daxon B-LOC
and O
Menecolus. O
But O
the B-PER
Camarinaeans I-PER
being O
ex O
pelled O
by O
arms O
by O
the O
Syracusans B-PER
for O
having O
revolted O
Hippocrates O
tyrant B-PER
of O
Gela O
some O
time O
later O
receiving O
their O
land O
in O
ransom O
for O
some O
Syracusan O
prisoners O
re O
settled O
Camarina O
himself B-LOC
acting O
as O
its O
founder. O
Lastly O
it B-PER
was I-PER
again I-PER
depopulated O
by B-PER
Gelo I-PER
and O
settled O
once O
more O
for O
the O
third O
time O
by O
the O
Geloans. O
Such O
is O
the B-PER
list I-PER
of O
the O
peoples O
Hellenic B-PER
and O
barbarian O
inhabiting O
Sicily O
and O
such O
the O
magnitude O
of B-LOC
the I-LOC
island O
which O
the O
Athenians O
were B-LOC
now O
bent O
upon O
invading; O
be O
ing O
ambitious O
in O
real O
truth O
of O
conquering O
the B-PER
whole O
although O
they O
had O
also O
the O
specious O
design O
of O
succouring O
7] O
ATHENIAN O
ENVOYS O
SENT O
TO O
EGESTA. O
416 B-LOC
B.C. I-LOC
415 O
their O
kindred O
and O
other O
allies B-LOC
in O
the O
island. O
But O
they O
were O
especially O
incited O
by B-PER
envoys I-PER
from O
Egesta O
who O
had O
come O
to O
Athens O
and O
invoked O
their O
aid O
more O
urgently O
than O
ever. O
The O
Egestaeans O
had O
gone O
to O
war O
with O
their O
neighbours O
the O
Selinuntines O
upon O
questions O
of B-PER
marriage B-PER
and B-PER
disputed B-LOC
territory O
and O
the O
Selinuntines O
had O
pro O
cured O
the O
alliance O
of O
the O
Syracusans O
and O
pressed O
Egesta O
hard O
by B-LOC
land I-LOC
and O
sea. O
The O
Egestaeans O
now O
reminded O
the O
Athenians O
of O
the O
alliance O
made O
in O
the B-PER
time I-PER
of I-PER
Laches O
during O
the O
former O
Leontine O
war O
and O
begged B-PER
them I-PER
to O
send O
a O
fleet O
to O
their O
aid O
and O
among O
a O
number O
of O
other O
considerations O
urged O
as O
a O
capital O
argument O
that O
if O
the O
Syracusans O
were O
allowed O
to B-PER
go I-PER
unpunished O
for O
their O
de O
population O
of B-PER
Leontini O
to O
ruin O
the B-PER
allies I-PER
still O
left O
to O
Athens O
in O
Sicily O
and O
to O
get O
the O
whole O
power O
of O
the O
island O
into O
their O
hands O
there O
would O
be O
a O
danger O
of O
their O
one O
day O
coming O
with O
a O
large O
force O
as O
Dorians O
to O
the O
aid O
of O
their O
Dorian O
brethren O
and O
as O
colonists O
to O
the O
aid O
of O
the O
Peloponnesians O
who O
had O
sent O
them O
out O
and O
joining B-LOC
these O
in O
pulling O
down O
the O
Athenian O
empire. O
The O
Athenians B-LOC
would O
therefore O
do B-PER
well O
to O
unite O
with O
the O
allies O
still O
left O
to O
them O
and O
to O
make O
a O
stand O
against O
the O
Syracusans; O
especially O
as O
they O
the O
Egestaeans O
were O
prepared O
to O
furnish O
money O
sufficient O
for O
the O
war. O
The O
Athenians O
hearing O
these O
arguments O
constantly O
repeated O
in O
their O
assemblies O
by O
the O
Egestaeans O
and O
their O
support O
ers B-PER
voted I-PER
first O
to O
send O
envoys O
to B-PER
Egesta O
to O
see O
if O
there O
was O
really O
the O
money O
that O
they O
talked O
of O
in O
the O
treasury O
and B-PER
temples I-PER
and O
at O
the O
same O
time O
to O
ascertain O
in O
what O
posture O
was O
the O
war O
with O
the O
Selinuntines. O
The O
envoys O
of B-PER
the I-PER
Athenians I-PER
were O
accordingly O
dis O
patched O
to O
Sicily. O
The O
same O
winter O
the O
Lacedaemonians O
and O
their O
allies O
the O
Corinthians O
excepted O
marched O
into O
the O
Argive B-LOC
territory O
and O
ravaged O
a O
small O
part O
of O
the O
land O
and O
took O
some O
yokes O
of O
oxen O
and O
carried O
off O
some O
corn. O
They O
also O
settled O
the O
Argive O
exiles O
at O
Orneae O
and O
416 O
SEVENTEENTH B-PER
YEAR B-PER
OF O
THE O
WAR. O
415 O
B. O
c. B-PER
[8 I-PER
9 I-PER
left I-PER
them O
a O
few O
soldiers O
taken O
from O
the B-PER
rest I-PER
of O
the O
army; O
and O
after O
making B-PER
a I-PER
truce I-PER
for O
a O
certain O
while O
according B-PER
to O
which O
neither O
Orneatae O
nor O
Argives B-PER
were O
to O
injure O
each O
other's O
territory O
returned O
home O
with O
the O
army. O
Not O
long O
afterwards O
the O
Athenians O
came O
with O
thirty O
ships O
and O
six O
hundred O
heavy O
infantry B-LOC
and O
the O
Argives O
joining O
them O
with B-PER
all B-PER
their O
forces O
marched O
out O
and O
besieged O
the O
men O
in O
Orneae O
for O
one O
day; O
but O
the O
garrison O
escaped O
by O
night O
the O
besiegers O
having O
bivouacked O
some O
way O
off. O
The B-PER
next I-PER
day O
the B-PER
Argives I-PER
discovering O
it O
razed O
Orneae O
to O
the O
ground O
and O
went O
back O
again; O
after O
which O
the O
Athenians O
went O
home B-PER
in O
their O
ships. O
Meanwhile O
the O
Athenians O
took O
by O
sea O
to O
Methone O
on O
the O
Macedonian O
border O
some O
cavalry O
of O
their O
own O
and O
the O
Macedonian O
exiles O
that O
were O
at B-LOC
Athens O
and O
plundered O
the O
country O
of O
Perdiccas. O
Upon O
this O
the O
Lacedaemonians O
sent O
to O
the O
Thracian O
Chalcidians O
who O
had O
a O
truce O
with O
Athens O
from O
one O
ten O
days O
to O
another O
urging O
them O
to O
join O
Per O
diccas O
in O
the O
war O
which B-PER
they I-PER
refused O
to O
do. O
And O
the O
winter B-LOC
ended I-LOC
and O
with B-PER
it I-PER
ended O
the O
sixteenth O
year B-LOC
of O
this O
war B-LOC
of I-LOC
which O
Thucydides O
is O
the O
historian. O
Early O
in O
the B-LOC
spring I-LOC
of O
the O
following O
summer O
the B-LOC
Athe O
nian O
envoys O
arrived O
from O
Sicily B-LOC
and I-LOC
the B-PER
Egestaeans O
with B-PER
them I-PER
bringing I-PER
sixty O
talents O
of B-PER
uncoined O
silver O
as O
a O
month's O
pay O
for O
sixty B-PER
ships O
which O
they O
were O
to O
ask O
to O
have O
sent O
them. O
The O
Athenians O
held O
an O
assembly O
and O
after O
hearing O
from O
the O
Egestaeans O
and O
their O
own O
envoys O
a O
report O
as O
attractive O
as O
it O
was O
untrue O
upon O
the B-PER
state I-PER
of O
affairs O
generally O
and O
in O
particular O
as O
to O
the O
money O
of O
which O
it O
was O
said O
there O
was O
abundance O
in O
the O
temples B-LOC
and O
the O
treasury O
voted O
to O
send O
sixty O
ships O
to O
Sicily O
un O
der O
the O
command O
of O
Alcibiades O
son O
of O
Clinias O
Nicias O
son O
of O
Niceratus O
and O
Lamachus O
son O
of O
Xenophanes O
who B-PER
were I-PER
appointed O
with O
full O
powers; O
they O
were O
to O
help O
the B-PER
Egestaeans I-PER
against O
the O
Selinuntines O
to O
restore O
Leon O
tini O
upon O
gaining O
any O
advantage O
in O
the O
war O
and O
to O
10 O
11] O
SPEECH O
OF O
NICIAS O
417 O
order O
all O
other O
matters O
in O
Sicily O
as O
they O
should O
deem O
best O
for O
the O
interests O
of O
Athens. O
Five O
days O
after O
this O
a O
second O
assembly O
was O
held O
to O
consider O
the O
speediest B-LOC
means O
of O
equipping B-PER
the B-PER
ships O
and O
to O
vote O
whatever O
else B-PER
might I-PER
be O
required O
by B-PER
the O
generals O
for O
the O
expedition; O
and O
Nicias O
who O
had O
been O
chosen O
to B-PER
the I-PER
command I-PER
against O
his B-LOC
will I-LOC
and I-LOC
who O
thought O
that O
the O
state O
was O
not O
well O
advised O
but O
upon O
a O
slight O
and O
specious O
pretext O
was O
aspiring O
to O
the O
conquest O
of O
the O
whole O
of B-LOC
Sicily I-LOC
a O
great O
matter O
to O
achieve O
came O
forward O
in O
the O
hope B-LOC
of O
diverting O
the O
Athenians O
from O
the O
enterprise O
and O
gave O
them O
the O
following O
counsel O
"Although O
this O
assembly O
was O
convened O
to O
consider O
the O
preparations O
to O
be O
made O
for O
sailing O
to O
Sicily O
I O
think O
notwithstanding O
that O
we O
have O
still O
this O
question O
to O
exam O
ine O
whether O
it O
be O
better O
to O
send O
out O
the O
ships O
at O
all O
and O
that O
we O
ought O
not O
to O
give O
so O
little O
consideration O
to O
a O
matter O
of O
such O
moment O
or O
let O
ourselves O
be B-LOC
per O
suaded O
by O
foreigners O
into O
undertaking O
a O
war O
with O
which O
we O
have O
nothing O
to B-PER
do. I-PER
And O
yet O
individually O
I O
gain O
in O
honour O
by O
such O
a O
course O
and O
fear O
as O
little O
as O
other O
men O
for O
my O
person O
not O
that O
I O
think O
a O
man O
need O
by O
any O
the O
worse O
citizen O
for B-LOC
taking I-LOC
some O
thought O
for O
his O
person O
and O
estate; O
on O
the O
contrary O
such O
a O
man O
would O
for O
his O
own O
sake O
desire O
the O
prosperity O
of O
his O
country O
more O
than O
others O
nevertheless O
as O
I O
have O
never O
spoken O
against O
my O
convictions O
to O
gain O
honour O
I O
shall O
not O
begin O
to O
do O
so O
now O
but O
shall O
say O
what O
I O
think O
best. O
Against O
your O
char O
acter O
any O
words O
of O
mine O
would O
be O
weak O
enough O
if O
I O
were O
to O
advise O
your O
keeping O
what O
you O
have O
got O
and O
not O
risking O
what O
is O
actually O
yours O
for O
advantages O
which O
are O
dubious O
in O
themselves O
and O
which O
you O
may O
or O
may O
not O
attain. O
I O
will O
therefore O
content O
myself O
with O
showing O
that O
you O
ardour O
is O
out O
of O
season O
and O
your O
ambition O
not O
easy O
of O
accomplishment. O
"I O
affirm O
then O
that O
.you O
leave O
many O
enemies O
behind O
418 O
SPEECH O
OF O
NICIAS O
[i* O
you O
here O
to O
go O
yonder O
and O
bring O
more O
back O
with O
you. O
You O
imagine O
perhaps O
that O
the O
treaty O
which O
you O
have O
made O
can O
be O
trusted; O
a O
treaty O
that O
will O
continue O
to O
exist O
nominally O
as O
long O
as O
you O
keep O
quiet O
for O
nominal O
it O
has O
become O
owing O
to O
the O
practices O
of O
certain O
men O
here O
and O
at O
Sparta O
but O
which O
in O
the O
event O
of O
a O
serious O
reverse O
in O
any O
quarter O
would O
not O
delay O
our O
enemies O
a O
moment O
in O
attacking O
us; O
first O
because O
the O
convention O
was O
forced O
upon O
them O
by O
disaster O
and O
was O
less O
honourable O
to O
them O
than O
to O
us; O
and O
secondly O
because O
in O
this O
very O
conven O
tion O
there O
are O
many O
points O
that O
are O
still O
disputed. O
Again O
some O
of O
the O
most O
powerful O
states O
have O
never O
yet O
accepted O
the O
arrangement O
at O
all. O
Some O
of O
these O
are O
at O
open O
war O
with O
us; O
others O
(as O
the O
Lacedaemonians O
do O
not O
yet O
move) O
are O
restrained O
by O
truces O
renewed O
every B-LOC
ten O
days B-PER
and O
it O
is O
only O
too O
probable O
that O
if O
they O
found O
our O
power O
divided O
as O
we O
are O
hurrying O
to O
divide O
it O
they O
would O
attack O
us O
vigorously O
with O
the O
Siceliots O
whose O
alliance O
they O
would O
have O
in O
the O
past O
valued O
as O
they O
would O
that O
of O
few O
others. O
A O
man O
ought O
therefore O
to O
consider O
these O
points O
and O
not O
to O
think O
of O
running O
risks O
with O
a O
country O
placed O
so O
critically O
or O
of O
grasping O
at O
another O
empire O
before O
we O
have O
secured O
the O
one O
we O
have O
already; O
for O
in O
fact O
the O
Thracian O
Chalcidians O
have B-PER
been O
all O
these O
years O
in O
revolt O
from O
us O
without O
being O
yet O
subdued O
and O
others O
on O
the O
continents O
yield O
us O
but O
a O
doubtful O
obedi O
ence. O
Meanwhile O
the O
Egestaeans O
our O
allies O
have O
been O
wronged O
and O
we O
run O
to O
help O
them O
while O
the O
rebels O
who O
have O
so O
long O
wronged O
us O
still O
wait O
for O
punishment. O
"And O
yet O
the O
latter O
if O
brought O
under O
might O
be O
kept O
under; O
while O
the O
Sicilians O
even O
if O
conquered O
are O
too O
far O
off O
and O
too O
numerous O
to O
be O
ruled O
without O
difficulty. O
Now O
it O
is O
folly O
to O
go O
against O
men O
who O
could O
not O
be O
kept O
under O
even O
if O
conquered O
while O
failure O
would B-PER
leave I-PER
us I-PER
in O
a O
very O
different O
position O
from O
that O
which O
we O
occupied O
before O
the O
enterprise. O
The O
Siceliots O
again O
to O
take O
them O
iJ O
SPEECH O
OF O
NICIAS O
419 O
as O
they B-PER
are I-PER
at O
present O
in O
the O
event O
of O
a O
Syracusan O
con O
quest O
(the O
favourite O
bugbear O
of O
the O
Egestaeans) O
would O
to O
my O
thinking O
be B-PER
even O
less O
dangerous O
to O
us O
than O
before. O
At O
present O
they O
might O
possibly O
come O
here O
as O
separate O
states O
for O
love O
of O
Lacedaemon; O
in O
the O
other O
case O
one O
empire O
would O
scarcely O
attack O
another; O
for O
after O
joining O
the O
Peloponnesians O
to O
overthrow O
ours O
they O
could O
only O
expect O
to O
see O
the O
same O
hands O
overthrow O
their O
own O
in O
the O
same O
way. O
The O
Hellenes O
in O
Sicily O
would O
fear O
us B-LOC
most O
if O
we O
never O
went O
there O
at O
all O
and O
next O
to O
this O
if O
after O
displaying O
our O
power O
we O
went O
away O
again O
as O
soon O
as O
possible. O
We O
all O
know O
that O
that O
which B-PER
is I-PER
farthest O
off O
and O
the O
reputation O
of O
which O
can O
least O
be O
tested O
is O
the O
object O
of O
admiration; O
at O
the O
least O
reverse O
they O
would O
at O
once O
begin O
to O
look O
down O
upon O
us O
and O
would O
join O
our O
ene O
mies O
here O
against O
us. B-LOC
You I-LOC
have O
yourselves O
experienced O
this O
with O
regard O
to O
the O
Lacedaemonians O
and O
their O
allies O
whom B-PER
your I-PER
unexpected I-PER
success O
as O
compared O
with O
what O
you O
feared O
at O
first O
has O
made O
you O
suddenly O
despise O
tempt O
ing O
you O
further O
to B-PER
aspire I-PER
to B-LOC
the I-LOC
conquest O
of O
Sicily. O
In O
stead O
however O
of O
being O
puffed O
up O
by O
the O
misfortunes O
of O
your O
adversaries O
you O
ought O
to O
think O
of O
breaking O
their O
spirit O
before O
giving O
yourselves O
up B-PER
to I-PER
confidence O
and O
to O
understand O
that O
the O
one O
thought O
awakened O
in O
the O
Lace O
daemonians O
by O
their O
disgrace O
is O
how O
they O
may O
even O
now O
if O
possible O
overthrow O
us O
and. O
repair O
their O
dishonour; O
inasmuch O
as O
military O
reputation O
is O
their O
oldest O
and O
chief O
est O
study. O
Our O
struggle O
therefore O
if B-PER
we I-PER
are I-PER
wise I-PER
will O
not O
be O
for O
the O
barbarian O
Egestaeans O
in O
Sicily O
but O
how O
to O
defend O
ourselves O
most O
effectually O
against O
the O
oligarchi O
cal O
machinations O
of O
Lacedaemon. O
"We O
should O
also O
remember O
that B-LOC
we O
are O
but O
now O
en O
joying O
some O
respite O
from O
a O
great O
pestilence O
and O
from O
war O
to O
the O
no O
small O
benefit O
of O
our O
estates O
and O
persons O
and O
that O
it O
is O
right O
to O
employ O
these O
at O
home O
on O
our O
own O
behalf O
instead O
of O
using O
them O
on O
behalf O
of O
these O
420 O
SPEECH O
OF O
NICIAS O
[13 O
14 O
15 O
exiles O
whose O
interest O
it O
is O
to O
lie O
as O
fairly O
as O
they O
can O
who O
do O
nothing O
but O
talk O
themselves O
and O
leave O
the O
dan O
ger O
to O
others O
and O
who O
if O
they O
succeed O
will O
show O
no B-PER
proper O
gratitude O
and O
if O
they O
fail O
will O
drag O
down O
their O
friends O
with O
them. O
And O
if O
there B-LOC
be O
any O
man O
here O
over O
joyed O
at O
being O
chosen O
to O
command O
who O
urges O
you O
to O
make O
the O
expedition O
merely O
for B-LOC
ends B-LOC
of O
his O
own O
es O
pecially O
if O
he O
be O
still O
too O
young O
to O
command O
who O
seeks O
to O
be O
admired O
for O
his O
stud O
of O
horses O
but O
on O
ac O
count O
of O
its O
heavy O
expenses O
hopes O
for O
some O
profit O
from O
his O
appointment O
do O
not O
allow O
such O
a O
one O
to O
maintain O
his O
private O
splendour O
at O
his O
country's O
risk O
but O
remember O
that O
such O
persons O
injure O
the O
public O
fortune O
while O
they O
squander O
their O
own O
and O
that O
this O
is O
a O
matter O
of O
im O
portance O
and O
not O
for O
a O
young O
man O
to O
decide O
or O
hastily O
to O
take O
in O
hand. O
"When O
I O
see O
such O
persons O
now O
sitting O
here O
at O
the O
side O
of O
that O
same O
individual O
and O
summoned O
by B-PER
him O
alarm O
seizes O
me; O
and O
I O
in O
my O
turn O
summon O
any O
of O
the O
older O
men O
that O
may O
have O
such O
a O
person O
sitting O
next O
him O
not O
to O
let O
himself O
be O
shamed O
down O
for O
fear O
of O
being O
thought O
a O
coward O
if O
he O
do O
not O
vote O
for O
war O
but O
remembering O
how O
rarely O
success O
is O
got O
by O
wishing O
and O
how O
often O
by O
forecast O
to O
leave O
to O
them O
the O
mad O
dream O
of O
conquest O
and O
as O
a O
true O
lover O
of O
his O
country O
now O
threatened O
by O
the O
greatest O
danger O
in O
its O
history O
to O
hold O
up O
his O
hand O
on O
the O
other O
side; O
to O
vote O
that O
the O
Siceliots O
be O
left O
in O
the O
limits O
now O
existing O
between O
us O
limits O
of O
which O
no O
one O
can O
complain O
(the O
Ionian O
sea O
for O
the O
coasting O
voy O
age O
and O
the O
Sicilian O
across O
the O
open O
main) O
to O
enjoy O
their O
own O
possessions O
and O
to O
settle O
their O
own O
quarrels; O
that O
the O
Egestaeans O
for O
their O
part O
be O
told O
to O
end O
by O
themselves O
with O
the O
Selinuntines O
the O
war O
which O
they O
began O
without O
consulting O
the O
Athenians; O
and O
that O
for O
the O
future O
we O
do O
not O
enter O
into O
alliance O
as O
we O
have O
SPEECH O
OF O
NICIAS O
421 O
been O
used O
to O
do O
with O
people O
whom O
we O
must O
help O
in O
their O
need O
and O
who O
can O
never O
help O
us O
in O
ours. O
"And O
you O
Prytanis O
if O
you O
think O
it O
your O
duty O
to O
care O
for O
the O
commonwealth O
and O
if O
you O
wish O
to O
show O
yourself O
a O
good O
citizen O
put O
the O
question O
to O
the O
vote O
and O
take O
a O
second O
time O
the O
opinions O
of O
the O
Athenians. O
If O
you O
are O
afraid O
to O
move O
the O
question O
again O
consider O
that O
a O
violation O
of O
the O
law O
cannot O
carry O
any B-PER
prejudice I-PER
with O
so O
many O
abettors O
that O
you O
will O
be O
the O
physician O
of O
your O
misguided O
city O
and O
that O
the O
virtue O
of O
men O
in O
office O
is O
briefly O
this O
to O
do O
their O
country O
as O
much O
good O
as B-PER
they I-PER
can I-PER
or O
in O
any B-PER
case I-PER
no O
harm O
that O
they O
can O
avoid." O
Such O
were B-PER
the I-PER
words O
of O
Nicias. O
Most O
of O
the O
Athenians O
that O
came O
forward O
spoke O
in O
favour O
of O
the O
expedition O
and O
of O
not O
annulling O
what O
had O
been O
voted O
although O
some O
spoke O
on O
the O
other O
side. O
By O
far O
the O
warmest O
advo O
cate O
of O
the O
expedition O
was O
however O
Alcibiades O
son O
of O
Clinias O
who O
wished O
to O
thwart O
Nicias O
both O
as O
his O
politi O
cal O
opponent O
and O
also O
because O
of O
the O
attack O
he O
had O
made O
upon O
him O
in O
his O
speech O
and O
who O
was O
besides B-PER
exceedingly I-PER
ambitious O
of O
a O
command O
by O
which O
he O
hoped O
to O
reduce O
Sicily O
and O
Carthage O
and O
personally O
to O
gain O
in O
wealth O
and O
reputation O
by O
means O
of O
his O
successes. O
For O
the O
position O
he O
held O
among O
the O
citizens O
led O
him O
to O
in O
dulge O
his O
tastes O
beyond O
what O
his O
real O
means O
would O
bear O
both O
in O
keeping O
horses O
and O
in O
the O
rest O
of O
his O
expendi O
ture; O
and O
this O
later O
on O
had O
not O
a O
little O
to O
do B-PER
with I-PER
the B-PER
ruin O
of O
the B-PER
Athenian I-PER
state. O
Alarmed O
at O
the O
greatness O
of O
his O
licence O
in O
his O
own O
life O
and O
habits O
and O
of O
the O
ambi O
tion O
which O
he O
showed O
in O
all O
things O
soever O
that O
he O
under O
took O
the O
mass O
of O
the O
people O
set O
him O
down O
as O
a O
pretender O
to B-PER
the O
tyranny O
and B-PER
became I-PER
his B-PER
enemies; I-PER
and O
although B-PER
publicly O
his O
conduct O
of O
the O
war O
was O
as O
good O
as O
could O
be O
desired O
individually O
his O
habits O
gave O
offence O
to O
every O
one O
and O
caused O
them O
to O
commit O
affairs O
to O
other O
422 O
REPLY O
OF O
ALCIBIADES O
[16 O
hands O
and B-LOC
thus O
before B-LOC
long O
to O
ruin O
the O
city. O
Meanwhile O
he B-PER
now O
came O
forward O
and O
gave O
the O
following O
advice O
to O
the O
Athenians O
"Athenians O
I O
have O
a O
better O
right O
to O
command O
than O
others O
I O
must O
begin O
with O
this O
as O
Nicias O
has O
attacked O
me O
and O
at O
the O
same O
time O
I O
believe O
myself O
to O
be O
worthy O
of O
it. O
The O
things O
for O
which O
I O
am O
abused O
bring O
fame O
to O
my O
ancestors O
and B-PER
to I-PER
myself O
and B-PER
to I-PER
the O
country O
profit O
besides. O
The O
Hellenes O
after O
expecting O
to O
see O
our O
city O
ruined O
by O
the O
war O
concluded O
it O
to O
be O
even O
greater O
than O
it O
really O
is O
by O
reason O
of O
the O
magnificence O
with O
which O
I O
represented O
it O
at O
the O
Olympic O
games O
when O
I O
sent O
into O
the O
lists O
seven O
chariots O
a O
number O
never O
before O
entered O
by O
any O
private O
person O
and O
won O
the O
first O
prize O
and O
was O
second O
and O
fourth O
and O
took O
care O
to O
have O
everything O
else O
in O
a O
style O
worthy O
of O
my O
victory. O
Custom B-PER
regards O
such O
displays O
as O
honourable O
and O
they O
cannot O
be O
made O
without O
leaving O
behind O
them O
an O
impression O
of O
power. O
Again O
any B-LOC
splendour I-LOC
that B-PER
I I-PER
may I-PER
have O
exhibited O
at O
home O
in O
providing O
choruses O
or O
otherwise O
is O
naturally O
envied O
by O
my O
fellow O
citizens O
but O
in O
the O
eyes O
of O
foreigners O
has O
an O
air O
of B-LOC
strength I-LOC
as O
in O
the O
other O
instance. O
And O
this O
is O
no O
useless O
folly O
when O
a O
man O
at O
his O
own O
private O
cost O
benefits O
not O
himself O
only O
but O
his O
city O
nor O
is O
it O
unfair O
that O
he O
who O
prides O
himself O
on O
his O
position O
should O
refuse O
to O
be O
upon O
an O
equality O
with O
the O
rest. O
He O
who O
is O
badly O
off O
has O
his O
misfortunes O
all O
to O
himself O
and O
as B-PER
we I-PER
do O
not O
see O
men B-PER
courted O
in O
adversity O
on O
the O
like O
principle O
a O
man O
ought O
to O
accept O
the O
insolence O
of O
prosperity; O
or O
else O
let O
him O
first O
mete O
out O
equal O
measure O
to O
all O
and O
then O
demand O
to O
have O
it O
meted O
out O
to O
him. O
What O
I B-PER
know I-PER
is O
that O
persons O
of B-LOC
this O
kind O
and O
all O
others O
that O
have O
attained O
to O
any O
distinction O
although O
they O
may O
be O
unpopular O
in O
their O
lifetime O
in O
their O
relations O
with O
their O
fellow O
men O
and O
especially O
with O
their O
equals O
leave O
to O
posterity O
the O
desire O
of O
claiming O
connection O
with O
them O
even O
without O
17] O
REPLY O
OF O
ALCIBIADES O
423 O
any O
ground O
and O
are O
vaunted O
by O
the O
country O
to O
which O
they O
belonged O
not O
as O
strangers O
or O
ill O
doers O
but O
as O
fellow O
countrymen O
and O
heroes. O
Such O
are O
my O
aspirations O
and O
however O
I O
am O
abused O
for O
them O
in O
private O
the O
question O
is O
whether O
any O
one O
manages O
public O
affairs O
better O
than O
I O
do. O
Having O
united O
the O
most O
powerful O
states O
of O
Pelo O
ponnese O
without O
great O
danger O
or O
expense O
to O
you O
I O
com O
pelled O
the O
Lacedaemonians O
to O
stake O
their O
all O
upon O
the O
issue O
of O
a O
single O
day O
at O
Mantinea; O
and O
although O
victor O
ious O
in O
the O
battle O
they O
have O
never O
since O
fully O
recovered O
confidence. O
"Thus O
did O
my O
youth O
and O
so O
called O
monstrous O
folly O
find O
fitting O
arguments O
to O
deal O
with O
the O
power O
of O
the O
Peloponnesians O
and O
by O
its O
ardour O
win O
their O
confidence O
and O
prevail. O
And O
do O
not O
be O
afraid O
of O
my O
youth O
now O
but O
while O
I O
am O
still O
in O
its O
flower O
and O
Nitias O
appears O
fortunate O
avail O
yourselves O
to O
the O
utmost O
of O
the O
services B-PER
of I-PER
us I-PER
both. O
Neither O
rescind O
your O
resolution O
to O
sail O
to O
Sicily O
on O
the O
ground O
that O
you O
would O
be O
going O
to O
attack O
a O
great O
power. O
The O
cities O
in O
Sicily O
are O
peopled O
by O
motley O
rabbles O
and O
easily O
change O
their O
institutions O
and O
adopt O
new O
ones O
in O
their O
stead; B-PER
and O
consequently O
the O
inhabit O
ants O
being O
without O
any B-PER
feeling I-PER
of O
patriotism O
are O
not O
provided O
with B-LOC
arms O
for O
their O
persons O
and O
have O
not O
regu O
larly O
established O
themselves O
on B-PER
the I-PER
land; I-PER
every O
man O
thinks O
that O
either O
by O
fair O
words O
or O
by O
party O
strife B-LOC
he B-PER
can O
obtain O
something O
at O
the O
public O
expense O
and O
then O
in O
the O
event O
of O
a O
catastrophe O
settle O
in O
some O
other O
country O
and O
makes O
his O
preparations O
accordingly. O
From O
a O
mob O
like O
this O
you O
need O
not O
look O
for O
either O
unanimity O
in O
coun O
sel O
or O
concert O
in O
action; O
but O
they O
will O
probably O
one B-PER
by O
one O
come O
in O
as O
they O
get O
a O
fair O
offer O
especially B-PER
if O
they O
are O
torn O
by O
civil O
strife B-PER
as O
we O
are O
told. O
Moreover O
the O
Siceliots O
have O
not O
so O
many O
heavy O
infantry O
as O
they O
boast; B-LOC
just O
as O
the O
Hellenes O
generally O
did O
not B-LOC
prove I-LOC
so O
numerous O
as O
each O
state O
reckoned O
itself O
but O
Hellas O
ereatv O
over O
estimated O
424 O
REPLY B-LOC
OF O
ALCIBIADES O
[18 O
their O
numbers O
and O
has O
hardly O
had O
an O
adequate O
force O
of O
heavy O
infantry O
throughout O
this O
war. O
The O
states O
in O
Sicily O
therefore O
from O
all O
that O
I O
can O
hear O
will O
be O
found O
as O
I O
say O
and O
I O
have O
not O
pointed O
out O
all O
our O
advantages O
for O
we O
shall O
have O
the O
help O
of O
many O
barbarians O
who O
from O
their O
hatred O
of O
the O
Syracusans O
will O
join O
us O
in O
attacking O
them; O
nor O
will O
the O
powers O
at O
home O
prove O
any O
hindrance O
if O
you O
judge O
rightly. O
Our O
fathers O
with O
these O
very O
adver O
saries O
which O
it O
is O
said O
we O
shall O
now O
leave O
behind O
us O
when O
we O
sail O
and O
the O
Mede O
as O
their O
enemy O
as O
well O
were O
able O
to O
win O
the O
empire O
depending O
solely O
on O
their O
superiority O
at O
sea. O
The O
Peloponnesians O
had O
never O
so O
little O
hope O
against O
us O
as O
at O
present; O
and O
let O
them O
be O
ever O
so O
sanguine O
although O
strong O
enough O
to O
invade O
our O
country O
even O
if O
we O
stay O
at O
home O
they O
can O
never O
hurt O
us O
with O
their O
navy O
as O
we O
leave O
one O
of O
our O
own O
behind O
us O
that O
is O
a O
match O
for O
them. O
"In B-LOC
this I-LOC
state O
of O
things O
what O
reason O
can O
we O
give O
to B-PER
ourselves I-PER
for O
holding O
back O
or O
what O
excuse O
can O
we O
offer O
to O
our O
allies O
in O
Sicily O
for O
not O
helping O
them O
They O
are B-LOC
our I-LOC
confederates O
and O
we O
are O
bound O
to O
assist O
them O
with O
out O
objecting O
that O
they O
have O
not O
assisted O
us. O
We O
did O
not O
take O
them O
into O
alliance O
to O
have O
them O
to O
help O
us O
in O
Hellas O
but O
that O
they O
might O
so O
annoy O
our O
enemies O
in B-PER
Sicily I-PER
as O
to O
prevent O
them O
from O
coming O
over O
here O
and O
attacking O
us. O
It O
is O
thus O
that O
empire O
has O
been O
won O
both O
by B-LOC
us O
and O
by O
all O
others O
that O
have O
held O
it O
by O
a B-PER
constant I-PER
readiness O
to O
support O
all O
whether O
barbarians O
or O
Hellenes O
that O
invite O
assistance; O
since O
if O
all O
were O
to O
keep B-PER
quiet O
or O
to O
pick O
and O
choose O
whom O
they O
ought O
to O
assist O
we O
should B-PER
make I-PER
but I-PER
few I-PER
new O
conquests O
and O
should O
imperil O
those O
we O
have O
already O
won. O
Men O
do O
not O
rest O
content O
with O
parrying O
the O
attacks O
of O
a O
superior O
but O
often O
strike O
the O
first O
blow O
to O
prevent O
the O
attack O
being O
made. O
And O
we O
cannot O
fix O
the O
exact O
point O
at O
which O
our O
empire O
shall O
i8] O
REPLY O
OF O
ALCIBIADES O
425 O
stop; O
we O
have O
reached O
a O
position O
in O
which O
we O
must O
not O
be O
content O
with O
retaining O
but O
must O
scheme O
to O
extend O
it O
for O
if B-LOC
we I-LOC
cease O
to O
rule O
others O
we O
are O
in O
danger O
of O
being O
ruled O
ourselves. O
Nor O
can O
you O
look O
at O
inaction O
from O
the O
same O
point O
of O
view O
as O
others O
unless O
you O
are O
prepared O
to O
change O
your O
habits O
and O
make O
them O
like O
theirs. O
"Be B-LOC
convinced O
then O
that O
we O
shall O
augment O
our O
power O
at B-LOC
home I-LOC
by O
this O
adventure O
abroad O
and O
let O
us O
make O
the O
expedition O
and O
so O
humble O
the O
pride O
of O
the O
Peloponnes O
ians O
by O
sailing O
off O
to O
Sicily O
and O
letting O
them O
see O
how O
little O
we O
care O
for O
the O
peace O
that O
we O
are O
now O
enjoying; O
and O
at O
the O
same O
time O
we O
shall O
either O
become O
masters O
as O
we O
very O
easily O
may O
of O
the O
whole O
of O
Hellas O
through O
the O
accession O
of O
the O
Sicilian O
Hellenes O
or O
in O
any O
case O
ruin O
the O
Syracusans O
to O
the O
no O
small O
advantage O
of O
our O
selves O
and O
our O
allies. O
The O
faculty O
of O
staying O
if O
success O
ful O
or O
of O
returning O
will O
be O
secured O
to O
us O
by O
our O
navy O
as O
we O
shall O
be O
superior O
at O
sea O
to O
all O
the O
Siceliots O
put B-PER
together. O
And O
do O
not O
let O
the O
do O
nothing O
policy B-PER
which O
Nicias O
advocates O
or O
his O
setting O
of O
the B-LOC
young O
against O
the O
old O
turn O
you O
from O
your O
purpose O
but O
in O
the O
good O
old O
fashion O
by O
which O
our O
fathers O
old O
and O
young O
together O
by O
their O
united O
counsels O
brought O
our O
affairs O
to O
their O
present O
height O
do O
you O
endeavour O
still O
to O
advance O
them; O
understanding O
that O
neither O
youth O
nor O
old O
age O
can O
do O
anything O
the O
one O
without O
the O
other O
but O
that O
levity O
so O
briety O
and O
deliberate O
judgment O
are O
strongest O
when O
unit O
ed O
and O
that O
by O
sinking O
into O
inaction O
the O
city O
like O
everything O
else O
will O
wear O
itself O
out O
and O
its B-LOC
skill O
in O
everything O
decay; O
while O
each O
fresh O
struggle O
will O
give O
it O
fresh O
experience O
and O
make O
it O
more O
used O
to O
defend O
itself O
not O
in O
word O
but O
in O
deed. O
In O
short O
my O
conviction O
is O
that O
a B-LOC
city I-LOC
not O
inactive O
by O
nature O
could O
not O
choose O
a O
quicker O
way O
to O
ruin O
itself O
than O
by O
suddenly O
adopting O
426 O
SECOND O
SPEECH O
OF O
NICIAS O
[19 O
20 O
51 O
such O
a O
policy O
and O
that O
the O
safest O
rule O
of O
life O
is O
to O
take O
one's O
character O
and O
institutions O
for O
better O
and O
for O
worse O
and O
to O
live O
up O
to O
them O
as O
closely O
as B-LOC
one I-LOC
can." O
Such O
were O
the O
words O
of O
Alcibiades. O
After O
hearing O
him O
and B-PER
the O
Egestaeans O
and O
some O
Leontine O
exiles O
who O
came O
forward O
reminding O
them O
of O
their O
oaths O
and O
imploring O
their O
assistance O
the O
Athenians O
became O
more O
eager O
for O
the O
expedition O
than O
before. O
Nicias O
perceiving O
that O
it O
would O
be O
now O
useless O
to O
try O
to O
deter O
them O
by O
the O
old O
line O
of O
argument O
but O
thinking O
that O
he O
might O
perhaps O
alter O
their O
resolution O
by O
the O
extravagance O
of O
his O
esti O
mates O
came O
forward O
a O
second O
time O
and O
spoke O
as O
follows O
"I O
see O
Athenians O
that O
you O
are O
thoroughly O
bent O
upon O
the O
expedition O
and O
therefore O
hope O
that O
all O
will B-PER
turn I-PER
out O
as O
we O
wish O
and O
proceed O
to O
give O
you O
my O
opinion O
at O
the O
present O
juncture. O
From O
all O
that O
I O
hear O
we O
are O
going O
against O
cities O
that O
are O
great O
and O
not O
subject O
to B-LOC
one O
an O
other O
or O
in O
need O
of O
change O
so O
as O
to O
be O
glad O
to O
pass O
from O
enforced O
servitude O
to O
an O
easier O
condition O
or O
in O
the O
least O
likely O
to O
accept O
our O
rule O
in O
exchange O
for O
freedom; B-PER
and O
to B-PER
take O
only O
the O
Hellenic O
towns O
they O
are O
very O
numerous O
for O
one O
island. O
Besides O
Naxos O
and O
Catana O
which O
I O
expect O
to O
join O
us O
from O
their O
connection O
with O
Leontini O
there O
are O
seven O
others O
armed O
at O
all O
points O
just O
like O
our B-PER
own I-PER
power O
particularly O
Selinus O
and O
Syracuse B-PER
the O
chief O
objects B-PER
of O
our O
expedition. O
These O
are O
full O
of O
heavy O
infantry O
archers O
and O
darters O
have O
galleys O
in O
abundance O
and B-PER
crowds O
to O
man O
them; O
they O
have O
also O
money O
partly O
in O
the O
hands O
of O
private O
persons O
partly O
in O
the O
temples O
at O
Selinus O
and O
at O
Syracuse O
first O
fruits O
from O
some O
of O
the O
barbarians O
as O
well. O
But O
their O
chief O
advantage O
over O
us O
lies O
in O
the O
number O
of O
their O
horses O
and O
in O
the O
fact O
that O
they O
grow O
their O
corn O
at O
home O
instead O
of O
im O
porting B-PER
it. O
"Against O
a O
power O
of O
this O
kind O
it O
will O
not O
do O
to O
have O
merely O
a O
weak O
naval O
armament O
but O
we O
shall O
want O
also O
22 O
83] O
NEEDS O
OF O
THE O
ARMAMENT O
427 O
a O
large O
land O
army O
to O
sail O
with O
us O
if O
we O
are O
to O
do O
any O
thing O
worthy O
of O
our O
ambition O
and O
are O
not O
to O
be O
shut O
out O
from O
the O
country O
by O
a O
numerous O
cavalry; O
especially O
if O
the O
cities O
should O
take O
alarm O
and O
combine O
and O
we O
should O
be O
left O
without O
friends O
(except O
the O
Egestaeans) O
to O
furnish O
us O
with O
horse O
to O
defend O
ourselves O
with. O
It O
would O
be O
disgraceful O
to O
have O
to O
retire O
under O
compul O
sion O
or B-LOC
to I-LOC
send O
back B-PER
for O
reinforcements O
owing O
to O
want O
of O
reflection O
at O
first; O
we B-PER
must I-PER
therefore O
start O
from O
home O
with O
a O
competent O
force O
seeing O
that O
we O
are O
going O
to O
sail O
far O
from B-PER
our O
country B-LOC
and O
upon O
an O
expedition O
not O
like O
any O
which O
you O
may O
have O
undertaken O
in O
the O
quality O
of O
allies O
among O
your O
subject O
states O
here O
in O
Hellas O
where O
any O
additional O
supplies O
needed O
were O
easily O
drawn O
from O
the O
friendly O
territory; O
but O
we O
are O
cutting O
ourselves O
off O
and O
going B-PER
to I-PER
a O
land O
entirely O
strange O
from O
which O
during O
four O
months O
in O
winter O
it O
is O
not O
even O
easy O
for O
a O
messenger O
to O
get O
to O
Athens. O
"I O
think O
therefore O
that O
we O
ought O
to O
take O
great O
num O
bers O
of O
heavy O
infantry O
both O
from O
Athens O
and O
from O
our O
allies O
and O
not O
merely O
from O
our O
subjects O
but O
also O
any O
we O
may O
be O
able O
to O
get O
for O
love O
or O
for O
money O
in O
Pelopon O
nese B-PER
and I-PER
great I-PER
numbers O
also O
of O
archers O
and O
slingers O
to O
make O
head O
against O
the O
Sicilian O
horse. O
Meanwhile O
we O
must O
have O
an O
overwhelming O
superiority O
at O
sea O
to O
enable O
us O
the O
more O
easily O
to O
carry O
in O
what O
we O
want; O
and O
we O
must O
take O
our O
own O
corn O
in O
merchant O
vessels O
that O
is O
to O
say O
wheat O
and O
parched O
barley O
and O
bakers O
from O
the O
mills O
compelled O
to O
serve O
for O
pay O
in O
the O
proper O
propor O
tion; O
in O
order O
that O
in O
case O
of O
our O
being O
weather O
bound O
the O
armament O
may O
not O
want O
provisions O
as O
it O
is O
not O
every O
city O
that O
will O
be O
able O
to O
entertain O
numbers O
like O
ours. O
We O
must O
also O
provide O
ourselves O
with O
everything O
else O
as O
far O
as O
we O
can O
so O
as O
not O
to O
be O
dependent O
upon O
others; O
and O
above O
all O
we O
must O
take O
with O
us O
from O
home O
as O
much O
money O
as O
possible O
as O
the O
sums O
talked O
of O
as O
ready O
428 O
ENTHUSIASM O
AT O
ATHENS O
[24 O
25 O
26 O
at O
Egesta O
are O
readier O
you O
may O
be O
sure O
in O
talk O
than O
in O
any O
other O
way. O
"Indeed O
even O
if O
we O
leave O
Athens O
with O
a O
force O
not O
only O
equal O
to O
that O
of O
the O
enemy O
except O
in O
the O
number O
of O
heavy O
infantry O
in O
the O
field O
but B-LOC
even I-LOC
at O
all O
points O
superior O
to O
him O
we O
shall O
still O
find O
it O
difficult O
to O
conquer O
Sicily O
or O
save O
ourselves. O
We O
must O
not O
disguise O
from O
our O
selves O
that O
we O
go O
to O
found O
a O
city O
among O
strangers O
and O
enemies O
and O
that O
'he O
who O
undertakes O
such B-LOC
an O
enterprise O
should O
be O
prepared O
to O
become O
master O
of O
the O
country O
the O
first O
day O
he O
lands O
or O
failing O
in O
this O
to O
find O
everything O
hostile O
to O
him. O
Fearing O
this O
and O
knowing O
that O
we O
shall O
have O
need O
of O
much O
good O
counsel O
and O
more O
good O
fortune O
a O
hard O
matter O
for O
mortal O
man O
to O
aspire O
toI O
wish O
as O
far O
as O
may O
be O
to O
make O
myself O
independent O
of O
fortune O
before O
sailing O
and O
when O
I O
do O
sail O
to O
be O
as O
safe O
as O
a O
strong O
force O
can O
make O
me. O
This O
I O
believe O
to O
be O
surest O
for O
the O
country O
at O
large O
and O
safest O
for O
us O
who O
are O
to O
go O
on O
the O
expedition. O
If O
any O
one O
thinks O
differently O
I O
resign O
to O
him O
my O
command." O
With O
this O
Nicias O
concluded O
thinking O
that O
he O
should O
either O
disgust O
the O
Athenians O
by O
the O
magnitude O
of O
the O
undertaking O
or O
if O
obliged O
to O
sail O
on O
the O
expedition O
would O
thus O
do O
so O
"in O
the O
safest O
way O
possible. O
The O
Athe O
nians B-LOC
however O
far O
from O
having B-PER
their O
taste O
for O
the O
voy O
age O
taken O
away O
by O
the O
burdensomeness O
of O
the O
prepara O
tions O
became O
more B-PER
eager I-PER
for O
it O
than O
ever; O
and O
just O
the O
contrary O
took O
place O
of O
what O
Nicias O
had O
thought O
as O
it O
was O
held O
that O
he O
had O
given O
good O
advice O
and O
that O
the O
expedition O
would O
be O
the O
safest O
in O
the O
world. O
All O
alike O
fell B-LOC
in O
love O
with O
the O
enterprise. O
The O
older O
men O
thought O
that O
they O
would O
either O
subdue O
the O
places O
against O
which O
they O
were O
to O
sail O
or O
at O
all O
events O
with O
so O
large O
a O
force O
meet O
with O
no O
disaster; O
those O
in O
the O
prime O
of O
life O
felt O
a O
longing O
for O
foreign O
sights O
and O
spectacles O
and O
had O
no O
doubt O
that O
they O
should O
come O
safe O
home O
again; O
while O
24 O
25 O
26] O
GENERALS O
VOTED O
FULL O
POWERS O
429 O
the O
idea O
of O
the O
common O
people O
and O
the O
soldiery O
was O
to O
earn O
wages O
at O
the O
moment O
and O
make O
conquests O
that O
would O
supply O
a O
never O
ending O
fund O
of O
pay O
for O
the O
future. O
With O
this O
enthusiasm O
of O
the O
majority O
the O
few O
that O
liked O
it O
not O
feared O
to O
appear O
unpatriotic O
by O
holding O
up O
their O
hands O
against O
it O
and O
so O
kept O
quiet. O
At O
last O
one O
of O
the O
Athenians O
came O
forward O
and O
called O
upon O
Nicias O
and O
told O
him O
that O
he B-PER
ought O
not O
to O
make O
excuses O
or O
put O
them O
off O
but O
say O
at O
once O
before B-PER
them O
all O
what O
forces O
the O
Athenians O
should O
vote O
him. O
Upon O
this O
he O
said O
not O
without O
reluctance O
that O
he O
would O
advise O
upon O
that O
matter O
more O
at B-PER
leisure I-PER
with O
his O
colleagues; O
as O
far O
however O
as O
he O
could O
see O
at O
present O
they O
must O
sail O
with O
at O
least O
one O
hundred O
galleys O
the O
Athenians O
providing O
as O
many O
transports O
as O
they O
might O
determine O
and O
sending O
for B-PER
others O
from O
the O
allies O
not O
less O
than O
five O
thousand O
heavy O
infantry O
in O
all O
Athenian O
and O
allied O
and O
if O
possible O
more; O
and O
the O
rest O
of O
the O
armament O
in O
proportion; O
archers O
from O
home O
and O
from O
Crete O
and O
slingers O
and O
whatever O
else O
might O
seem O
desirable O
being O
got O
ready O
by O
the O
generals O
and O
taken O
with O
them. O
Upon O
hearing O
this O
the O
Athenians O
at O
once O
voted O
that O
the O
generals O
should O
have O
full O
powers O
in O
the O
matter O
of O
the O
numbers O
of O
the O
army O
and O
of O
the O
expedition O
general O
ly O
to O
do O
as O
they O
judged O
best O
for B-PER
the I-PER
interests O
of B-PER
Athens. I-PER
After O
this O
the O
preparations O
began; O
messages O
being O
sent O
to O
the O
allies B-PER
and O
the O
rolls O
drawn O
up O
at O
home. O
And O
as O
the O
city O
had O
just O
recovered O
from O
the O
plague O
and O
the O
long O
war O
and O
a O
number O
of O
young O
men O
had O
grown O
up O
and O
capital O
had O
accumulated O
by O
reason O
of O
the O
truce O
every O
thing O
was O
the O
more O
easily O
provided. O
In O
the O
midst O
of O
these O
preparations O
all O
the B-PER
stone I-PER
Her O
mae O
in O
the O
city O
of O
Athens O
that B-PER
is O
to O
say O
the O
customary O
square O
figures O
so O
common O
in O
the O
doorways O
of O
private O
houses O
and O
temples O
had O
in O
one O
night O
most O
of B-PER
them I-PER
their O
faces O
mutilated. O
No O
one O
knew O
who O
had O
done O
it O
but O
430 O
MUTILATION O
OF O
THE O
HERMAE O
[27 O
28 O
29 O
large O
public O
rewards O
were O
offered O
to O
find O
the O
authors; O
and O
it O
was O
further O
voted O
that O
any O
one O
who O
knew O
of O
any O
other O
act O
of O
impiety O
having O
been O
committed B-PER
should O
come O
and O
give O
information O
without O
fear O
of O
consequences O
whe O
ther O
he O
were O
citizen O
alien O
or O
slave. O
The O
matter O
was O
taken O
up O
the O
more O
seriously O
as O
it O
was O
thought O
to O
be O
ominous O
for O
the O
expedition O
and O
part O
of O
a O
conspiracy O
to O
bring O
about O
a O
revolution O
and O
to O
upset O
the B-LOC
democracy. O
Information O
was B-PER
given I-PER
accordingly O
by O
some O
resident O
aliens O
and O
body O
servants O
not O
about O
the O
Hermae O
but O
about O
some O
previous O
mutilations O
of O
other O
images O
per O
petrated O
by O
young O
men O
in O
a O
drunken O
frolic O
and O
of O
mock O
celebrations O
of O
the O
mysteries O
averred O
to O
take O
place O
in O
private O
houses. O
Alcibiades O
being O
implicated O
in O
this O
charge O
it B-LOC
was O
taken O
hold O
of O
by O
those O
who O
could O
least O
endure O
him O
because O
he O
stood O
in O
the O
way O
of O
their O
obtain O
ing O
the O
undisturbed O
direction O
of O
the O
people O
and O
who O
thought O
that O
if O
he O
were O
once O
removed O
the O
first O
place O
would O
be O
theirs. O
These O
accordingly O
magnified O
the O
matter O
and O
loudly O
proclaimed O
that O
the O
affair O
of O
the O
mysteries O
and O
the O
mutilation O
of O
the O
Hermae O
were O
part O
and O
parcel B-LOC
of O
a O
scheme O
to O
overthrow O
the O
democracy O
and O
that O
noth O
ing O
of O
all O
this O
had O
been O
done O
without O
Alcibiades; O
the O
proofs O
alleged O
being O
the O
general O
and O
undemocratic O
li O
cence O
of O
his O
life O
and O
habits. O
Alcibiades O
repelled O
on O
the O
spot O
the O
charges O
in O
ques O
tion B-PER
and I-PER
also O
before O
going O
on O
the O
expedition O
the O
prep O
arations O
for O
which O
were O
now O
complete O
offered O
to O
stand O
his O
trial O
that O
it O
might O
be O
seen O
whether O
he O
was O
guilty O
of O
the O
acts O
imputed O
to O
him; O
desiring O
to O
be O
punished O
if O
found O
guilty O
but O
if O
acquitted O
to O
take O
the O
command. O
Meanwhile O
he O
protested O
against O
their O
receiving O
slanders O
against O
him O
in O
his O
absence O
and O
begged O
them O
rather O
to O
put O
him O
to O
death O
at O
once O
if O
he O
were O
guilty O
and O
pointed O
out O
the O
imprudence O
of O
sending O
him O
out B-PER
at I-PER
the I-PER
head O
of O
so O
large O
an O
army O
with O
so O
serious O
a O
charge O
still O
unde O
30 O
31] O
EMBARKATION O
OF O
THE O
ARMY O
4S1 O
cided. O
But O
his O
enemies O
feared O
that O
he O
would O
have O
the O
army O
for O
him O
if O
he O
were O
tried O
immediately O
and O
that O
the O
people O
might O
relent O
in O
favour O
of O
the O
man O
whom O
they O
already O
caressed O
as O
the B-PER
cause I-PER
of O
the O
Argives O
and O
some O
of O
the O
Mantineans O
joining O
in O
the O
expedition O
and O
did O
their O
utmost O
to O
get O
this O
proposition O
rejected O
putting O
forward O
other O
orators O
who O
said O
that O
he O
ought O
at O
present O
to O
sail O
and O
not O
delay O
the O
departure O
of O
the O
army O
and O
be O
tried O
on O
his O
return O
within O
a B-PER
fixed O
number O
of O
days; O
their O
plan O
being O
to O
have O
him O
sent O
for O
and O
brought O
home O
for O
trial O
upon O
some O
graver O
charge O
which O
they O
would O
the O
more O
easily O
get O
up O
in O
his O
absence. O
Accordingly O
it O
was O
decreed O
that O
he O
should O
sail. O
After O
this O
the O
departure O
for B-PER
Sicily I-PER
took O
place O
it O
being O
now O
about O
midsummer. O
Most O
of O
the O
allies O
with O
the O
corn O
transports O
and O
the O
smaller B-PER
craft I-PER
and O
the O
rest O
of O
the O
ex O
pedition O
had O
already O
received O
orders O
to O
muster O
at O
Cor O
cyra O
to O
cross O
the O
Ionian O
Sea O
from O
thence O
in O
a O
body O
to O
the O
lapygian O
promontory. O
But O
the O
Athenians O
themselves O
and O
such O
of O
their O
allies O
as O
happened O
to O
be O
with O
them O
went O
down O
to O
Piraeus O
upon O
a O
day O
appointed O
at O
day O
break O
and O
began O
to O
man O
the O
ships O
for O
putting O
out O
to O
sea. O
With O
them O
also O
went O
down O
the O
whole O
population O
one O
may O
say O
of O
the O
city O
both O
citizens O
and O
foreigners; O
the O
inhabitants O
of O
the O
country O
each O
escorting O
those O
that O
be O
longed O
to O
them O
their O
friends O
their O
relatives O
or O
their O
sons O
with O
hope O
and O
lamentation O
upon O
their O
way O
as O
they O
thought B-PER
of I-PER
the O
conquests B-PER
which O
they O
hoped O
to O
make O
or O
of O
the O
friends O
whom O
they O
might O
never O
see O
again O
considering O
the O
long O
voyage O
which O
they O
were O
go O
ing O
to O
make O
from O
their O
country. O
Indeed O
at O
this O
moment O
when O
they O
were O
now O
upon O
the O
point O
of O
parting O
from O
one O
another B-PER
the O
danger O
came O
more O
home O
to O
them O
than O
when O
they O
voted O
for O
the O
expedition; O
although O
the O
strength O
of O
the O
armament O
and O
the O
profuse O
provision O
which O
they O
remarked O
in O
every O
department O
was O
a O
sight O
432 O
DESCRIPTION O
OF O
THE O
FLEET O
[32 O
that O
could O
not O
but O
comfort O
them. O
As O
for O
the O
foreigners O
and O
the O
rest O
of O
the O
crowd O
they O
simply O
went O
to O
see O
a O
sight O
worth O
looking O
at O
and O
passing O
all O
belief. O
Indeed O
this O
armament O
that O
first O
sailed B-LOC
out I-LOC
was O
by O
far O
the O
most O
costly O
and O
splendid O
Hellenic O
force O
that O
had O
ever O
been B-LOC
sent O
out O
by O
a O
single O
city O
up O
to O
that O
time. O
In O
mere O
number O
of O
ships O
and O
heavy O
infantry O
that O
against O
Epidaurus O
under O
Pericles O
and O
the O
same O
when O
going O
against O
Potidaea O
under O
Hagnon O
was O
not O
inferior; B-LOC
containing O
as O
it O
did B-LOC
four I-LOC
thousand O
Athenian O
heavy O
in O
fantry O
three O
hundred O
horse O
and O
one O
hundred B-PER
galleys O
accompanied O
by O
fifty O
Lesbian O
and O
Chian O
vessels O
and O
many O
allies O
besides. O
But B-PER
these I-PER
were O
sent O
upon O
a O
short O
voyage O
and O
with O
a O
scanty O
equipment. O
The O
present O
ex O
pedition O
was O
formed O
in O
contemplation O
of O
a O
long O
term O
of O
service O
by O
land O
and O
sea O
alike O
and O
was O
furnished O
with O
ships O
and O
troops O
so O
as O
to O
be O
ready O
for O
either O
as O
required. O
The O
fleet O
had O
been O
elaborately O
equipped O
at O
great O
cost O
to O
the O
captains O
and O
the O
state; O
the O
treasury O
giving O
a O
drachma O
a O
day O
to O
each O
seaman O
and O
providing O
empty O
ships O
sixty O
men O
of O
war O
and O
forty O
transports O
and O
man O
ning O
these O
with O
the O
best O
crews O
obtainable; O
while O
the O
captains O
gave O
a O
bounty O
in O
addition O
to O
the O
pay O
from O
the O
treasury O
to O
the O
thranitae O
and O
crews O
generally O
besides O
spending O
lavishly O
upon O
figure O
heads O
and O
equipments O
and O
one O
and O
all O
making O
the O
utmost O
exertions O
to O
enable O
their O
own O
ships O
to O
excel O
in O
beauty O
and O
fast O
sailing. O
Meanwhile O
the O
land O
forces O
had O
been O
picked O
from O
the O
best O
muster O
rolls O
and O
vied O
with O
each O
other O
in B-PER
paying I-PER
great O
attention O
to O
their O
arms O
and O
personal O
accoutre O
ments. O
From O
this O
resulted O
not O
only O
a O
rivalry O
among O
themselves O
in O
their O
different B-PER
departments O
but O
an O
idea O
among O
the O
rest B-PER
of O
the O
Hellenes O
that O
it O
was O
more O
a O
dis O
play O
of O
power O
and O
resources O
than O
an O
armament O
against O
an O
enemy. O
For O
if O
any O
one O
had O
counted O
up O
the O
public O
expenditure O
of O
the O
state O
and O
the O
private O
outlay O
of O
in O
3*] O
DEPARTURE O
FROM O
PIRAEUS B-PER
453 O
dividuals O
that O
is O
to O
say O
the B-PER
sums O
which O
the O
state B-PER
had I-PER
already O
spent B-PER
upon O
the O
expedition O
and O
was O
sending O
out O
in O
the O
hands O
of O
the O
generals O
and O
those O
which O
in O
dividuals O
had O
expended O
upon O
their O
personal O
outfit O
or O
as O
captains O
of O
gafieys O
had O
laid O
out O
and O
were O
still O
to O
lay O
out O
upon O
their O
vessels; O
and O
if O
he O
had O
added O
to O
this O
the O
journey O
money O
which O
each O
was O
likely O
to O
have O
provided O
himself O
with O
independently O
of O
the O
pay O
from O
the O
treasury O
for O
a O
voyage O
of O
such O
length O
and O
what O
the O
soldiers O
or O
traders O
took O
with O
them O
for O
the O
purpose O
of O
exchange O
it O
would O
have O
been O
found O
that O
many O
talents O
in O
all O
were O
being O
taken O
out O
of O
the O
city. O
Indeed O
the O
expedition O
be O
came O
not O
less O
famous O
for O
its O
wonderful O
boldness O
and O
for O
the O
splendour O
of O
its O
appearance O
than O
for O
its O
overwhelm O
ing O
strength O
as O
compared O
with O
the O
peoples O
against O
whom O
it O
was O
directed O
and O
for O
the O
fact O
that O
this O
was O
the O
longest O
passage O
from O
home O
hitherto O
attempted O
and O
the O
most O
ambitious O
in O
its O
objects O
considering O
the O
resources O
of O
those O
who O
undertook O
it. O
The O
ships O
being O
now O
manned O
and O
everything O
put O
on O
board O
with O
which O
they O
meant O
to O
sail O
the O
trumpet O
com O
manded O
silence O
and O
the O
prayers O
customary O
before O
put O
ting O
out O
to O
sea O
were O
offered O
not O
in O
each O
ship O
by O
itself O
but O
by O
all O
together O
to O
the O
voice O
of O
a O
herald; O
and O
bowls O
of O
wine O
were O
mixed O
through O
all O
the O
armament O
and O
libations O
made O
by O
the O
soldiers O
and O
their O
officers O
in O
gold O
and O
silver O
goblets. O
In O
their O
prayers O
joined O
also O
the O
crowds O
on O
shore O
the O
citizens O
and O
all O
others B-PER
that O
wished O
them O
well. O
The O
hymn O
sung O
and O
the O
libations O
finished O
they O
put O
out O
to O
sea O
and O
first O
sailing O
out O
in O
column B-PER
then I-PER
raced O
each O
other O
as O
far O
as O
Aegina O
and O
so O
hastened O
to O
reach O
Corcyra O
where O
the O
rest O
of O
the O
allies O
forces O
were O
also O
assembling. O