--- title: New Text Document.txt author: source: publication-date: layout: narrative --- Caes. Gal. 1.1 Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae[^ac30cc6c-7e81-467b-91d6-9f313c37c665], aliam Aquitani[^80d45072-b6ae-4e63-b06d-6b4066df7c54], tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae[^aa2e2893-064e-45ba-93e7-bf6bd8b65a1a], nostra Galli[^4c22024e-ce7e-4bab-b304-6b37a38c624a] appellantur. Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos[^4f919b7c-41dc-4b9c-8462-787fe133d7cc] ab Aquitanis[^92578916-28f7-4785-994b-a6bf432b69ee] Garumna flumen, a Belgis[^7a3551fd-13a1-4b81-9863-5f3819aa8675] Matrona et Sequana dividit. Horum omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae[^2cc284c5-a651-4b96-8c17-15c3ced3e127], propterea quod a cultu atque humanitate provinciae longissime absunt, minimeque ad eos mercatores saepe commeant atque ea, quae ad effeminandos animos pertinent, important, proximique sunt Germanis[^cd99cefe-d8ae-412e-854d-e05e0331c7ed], qui trans Rhenum incolunt, quibuscum continenter bellum gerunt. Apud Helvetios[^b01632b1-c499-4c89-af0e-4e44380b661a] longe nobilissimus fuit et ditissimus Orgetorix[^6988ee8a-233c-488f-a7f6-a02990b34712]. Is regni cupiditate inductus coniurationem nobilitatis fecit et civitati persuasit ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent. Totius enim Galliae imperium cupivit. Helvetii[^61f94a5e-f9fa-452c-bed8-300b25927b94] loci natura undique continentur: una ex parte flumine Rheno, latissimo atque altissimo, qui agrum Helvetium[^db3c9142-a2aa-4b68-882c-cdff43d64151] a Germanis[^62063a8a-73df-4358-b83f-8e8aff4a5afe] dividit; altera ex parte monte Iura altissimo, qui est inter Sequanos[^3e856153-08d1-4fa2-b031-19ab0153064a] et Helvetios[^7da2ae0f-1a8b-4bf7-9df3-b37c7bde5550]; tertia lacu Lemanno et flumine Rhodano, qui provinciam nostram ab Helvetiis[^baef3e0a-26a6-40d1-b616-5a9ffe94c286] dividit. Orgetorix[^b4fd6b66-b3ab-4063-8cb5-ac37ca4d257a] legationem ad civitates finitimas suscepit. Casticus[^e1dc6cd6-beda-4041-9336-e35696a7499d], Sequanus[^f59c5aa1-10aa-44ad-bcca-5cec3f344406], auctoritate Orgetorigis[^90bcb4c7-fbd3-4827-bc34-e88c5bc5b321] inductus, regnum in civitate sua occupare constituit. Dumnorix[^f1eb62c7-913b-4a75-9a18-1c79d4d6dff8], Haeduus[^198951fb-541f-479d-b17a-23a5a80509ca], quoque ab Orgetorige[^a9218bbc-9b1e-434e-8026-b44711baefea] inductus, regnum in civitate sua occupare constituit. Ita Orgetorix[^f12768ea-4f79-4091-b053-8b02e35ad38d] tres firmissimos populos coniunxit ut per eos totius Galliae imperium obtineret. His rebus adducti et auctoritate Orgetorigis[^ecaabb3f-1dbc-44cd-bffe-f58658665c50] permoti constituerunt de finibus cum omnibus copiis exire. Omnia quae ad profectionem pertinebant comparaverunt. Iumentorum et carrorum quam maximum numerum paraverunt. Cum proximis civitatibus pacem et amicitiam confirmaverunt. Post Orgetorigis[^75312d47-14e9-422a-9f7a-92e86609021f] mortem, Helvetii[^4f27d1d9-6268-4c9f-a155-33cebc51d5cc] tamen id quod constituerant facere conabantur. Ex finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exire parabant. Cum omnia quae ad profectionem pertinent paravissent, oppida sua omnia incenderunt. Praeterea frumentum omne praeter id quod secum ferre constituerant incenderunt. Erant omnino itinera duo quibus itineribus domo exire possent; unum per Sequanos[^03ccf7c6-fb7b-45b7-800b-e6ef4e52e2e2], angustum et difficile, inter montem Iuram et flumen Rhodanum; alterum per provinciam nostram, multo facilius. Nam facile transire potuerunt Rhodanum, qui fluit inter fines Helvetiorum[^c8307c27-7f27-4ecc-9d3a-aeb29a37d30d] et Allobrogum[^a80d15bb-38bd-49c4-bb78-b7b47f9e1a7b] proximumque Helvetiorum[^e9282753-446a-47b9-baac-b01b55659254] finibus est Genava. Ex eo oppido pons ad Helvetios[^7eb22fa1-bf44-49c5-9e16-0eb0a937b5cd] pertinet. Itaque Helvetii[^02a0ab35-bff2-4c22-a6b8-34a1d97ea502] per fines Allobrogum[^9d6b0fbc-d5f6-457d-8174-15160312e788] ire constituerunt. Cum omnes res ad profectionem comparavissent, diem dixerunt, qua die ad ripam Rhodani omnes convenirent. [^ac30cc6c-7e81-467b-91d6-9f313c37c665]: The Belgae were a large confederation of tribes living in northern Gaul, between the English Channel, the west bank of the Rhine, and northern bank of the river Seine, from at least the third century BC. [^80d45072-b6ae-4e63-b06d-6b4066df7c54]: The Aquitanians were a people living in what is now southern Nouvelle-Aquitaine and southwestern Midi-Pyrénées, France, called Gallia Aquitania by the Romans in the region between the Pyrenees, the Atlantic ocean, and the Garonne, present-day southwestern France. [^aa2e2893-064e-45ba-93e7-bf6bd8b65a1a]: The Celts are a collection of Indo-European peoples in parts of Europe and Anatolia identified by their use of the Celtic languages and other cultural similarities. [^4c22024e-ce7e-4bab-b304-6b37a38c624a]: Gallic language [^4f919b7c-41dc-4b9c-8462-787fe133d7cc]: The Gauls were a group of Celtic peoples of Continental Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly from the 5th century BC to the 5th century AD). [^92578916-28f7-4785-994b-a6bf432b69ee]: The Aquitanians were a people living in what is now southern Nouvelle-Aquitaine and southwestern Midi-Pyrénées, France, called Gallia Aquitania by the Romans in the region between the Pyrenees, the Atlantic ocean, and the Garonne, present-day southwestern France. [^7a3551fd-13a1-4b81-9863-5f3819aa8675]: The Belgae were a large confederation of tribes living in northern Gaul, between the English Channel, the west bank of the Rhine, and northern bank of the river Seine, from at least the third century BC. [^2cc284c5-a651-4b96-8c17-15c3ced3e127]: The Belgae were a large confederation of tribes living in northern Gaul, between the English Channel, the west bank of the Rhine, and northern bank of the river Seine, from at least the third century BC. [^cd99cefe-d8ae-412e-854d-e05e0331c7ed]: The historical Germanic peoples are a category of ancient northern European tribes. [^b01632b1-c499-4c89-af0e-4e44380b661a]: The Helvetii, anglicized as Helvetians, were a Celtic tribe or tribal confederation occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. [^6988ee8a-233c-488f-a7f6-a02990b34712]: Orgetorix was a wealthy aristocrat among the Helvetii, a Celtic-speaking people residing in what is now Switzerland during the consulship of Julius Caesar of the Roman Republic. [^61f94a5e-f9fa-452c-bed8-300b25927b94]: The Helvetii, anglicized as Helvetians, were a Celtic tribe or tribal confederation occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. [^db3c9142-a2aa-4b68-882c-cdff43d64151]: The Helvetii, anglicized as Helvetians, were a Celtic tribe or tribal confederation occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. [^62063a8a-73df-4358-b83f-8e8aff4a5afe]: The historical Germanic peoples are a category of ancient northern European tribes. [^3e856153-08d1-4fa2-b031-19ab0153064a]: The Sequani were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the upper river basin of the Arar river (Saône), the valley of the Doubs and the Jura Mountains during the Iron Age and the Roman period. [^7da2ae0f-1a8b-4bf7-9df3-b37c7bde5550]: The Helvetii, anglicized as Helvetians, were a Celtic tribe or tribal confederation occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. [^baef3e0a-26a6-40d1-b616-5a9ffe94c286]: The Helvetii, anglicized as Helvetians, were a Celtic tribe or tribal confederation occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. [^b4fd6b66-b3ab-4063-8cb5-ac37ca4d257a]: Orgetorix was a wealthy aristocrat among the Helvetii, a Celtic-speaking people residing in what is now Switzerland during the consulship of Julius Caesar of the Roman Republic. [^e1dc6cd6-beda-4041-9336-e35696a7499d]: Casticus was a nobleman of the Sequani of eastern Gaul. His father, Catamantaloedes, had previously been the ruler of the tribe and had been recognized as a "friend" by the Roman Senate. [^f59c5aa1-10aa-44ad-bcca-5cec3f344406]: The Sequani were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the upper river basin of the Arar river (Saône), the valley of the Doubs and the Jura Mountains during the Iron Age and the Roman period. [^90bcb4c7-fbd3-4827-bc34-e88c5bc5b321]: Orgetorix was a wealthy aristocrat among the Helvetii, a Celtic-speaking people residing in what is now Switzerland during the consulship of Julius Caesar of the Roman Republic. [^f1eb62c7-913b-4a75-9a18-1c79d4d6dff8]: Dumnorix (spelled Dubnoreix on coins) was a chieftain of the Aedui, a Celtic tribe in Gaul in the 1st century B.C. [^198951fb-541f-479d-b17a-23a5a80509ca]: The Aedui or Haedui were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Burgundy region during the Iron Age and the Roman period. [^a9218bbc-9b1e-434e-8026-b44711baefea]: Orgetorix was a wealthy aristocrat among the Helvetii, a Celtic-speaking people residing in what is now Switzerland during the consulship of Julius Caesar of the Roman Republic. [^f12768ea-4f79-4091-b053-8b02e35ad38d]: Orgetorix was a wealthy aristocrat among the Helvetii, a Celtic-speaking people residing in what is now Switzerland during the consulship of Julius Caesar of the Roman Republic. [^ecaabb3f-1dbc-44cd-bffe-f58658665c50]: Orgetorix was a wealthy aristocrat among the Helvetii, a Celtic-speaking people residing in what is now Switzerland during the consulship of Julius Caesar of the Roman Republic. [^75312d47-14e9-422a-9f7a-92e86609021f]: Orgetorix was a wealthy aristocrat among the Helvetii, a Celtic-speaking people residing in what is now Switzerland during the consulship of Julius Caesar of the Roman Republic. [^4f27d1d9-6268-4c9f-a155-33cebc51d5cc]: The Helvetii, anglicized as Helvetians, were a Celtic tribe or tribal confederation occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. [^03ccf7c6-fb7b-45b7-800b-e6ef4e52e2e2]: The Sequani were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the upper river basin of the Arar river (Saône), the valley of the Doubs and the Jura Mountains during the Iron Age and the Roman period. [^c8307c27-7f27-4ecc-9d3a-aeb29a37d30d]: The Helvetii, anglicized as Helvetians, were a Celtic tribe or tribal confederation occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. [^a80d15bb-38bd-49c4-bb78-b7b47f9e1a7b]: A Gaulish tribe, whose territory lay between the Rhodanus and the Isara [^e9282753-446a-47b9-baac-b01b55659254]: The Helvetii, anglicized as Helvetians, were a Celtic tribe or tribal confederation occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. [^7eb22fa1-bf44-49c5-9e16-0eb0a937b5cd]: The Helvetii, anglicized as Helvetians, were a Celtic tribe or tribal confederation occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. [^02a0ab35-bff2-4c22-a6b8-34a1d97ea502]: The Helvetii, anglicized as Helvetians, were a Celtic tribe or tribal confederation occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. [^9d6b0fbc-d5f6-457d-8174-15160312e788]: A Gaulish tribe, whose territory lay between the Rhodanus and the Isara