Aqaba ...at this point in the Roman domain. And there is a city called Aelas [modern Aqaba] on its shore, where the sea comes to an end, as I have said, and becomes a...
Aqaba
78 35.00778,29.52667,0 Nabataeans ...day at Leuce-Come [modern Hanak], a large mart in the territory of the Nabataeans, with the loss of many of his vessels, some with all their crews, in...
Nabataeans
74 33.25,29.25,0 Nabataeans ...to undertake this enterprise by the expectation of assistance from the Nabataeans, who promised to cooperate with him in everything. XVI.iv.23. Upon these...
Nabataeans
73 33.25,29.25,0 Nabataeans ...both they and the Syrians are subject to the Romans. The capital of the Nabataeans is called Petra. It is situated on a spot which is surrounded and fortified by...
Nabataeans
74 33.25,29.25,0 India ...much iron, no such thing has ever happened to them), but rather because the Indians and the Ethiopians possess neither iron nor any other thing suitable for such...
India
78 77.5,22.5,0 India ...upon by them. For it was impossible for the Ethiopians to buy silk from the Indians, for the Persian merchants always locate themselves at the very harbors where...
India
78 77.5,22.5,0 Arabia ...the Romans, and, I believe, the only ones, to traverse so much of this part of Arabia for the purpose of making war. . .
Arabia
81 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...water is obtained by digging [wells] as in Gedrosia. It is inhabited by Arabian Scenitae, who breed camels [in the area just to the west of the Euphrates]...
Arabia
74 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...[modern Abu-Keyschid, near modern Suez City], situated in that recess of the Arabian Gulf which is on the side of the Nile, to Babylon, towards Petra of the...
Arabia
79 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...which is contiguous to Egypt, bordered upon Ethiopia; and that the Arabian Gulf was extremely narrow where it separates the Arabians from the...
Arabia
69 45.5,29.5,0 Ethiopia ...such thing has ever happened to them), but rather because the Indians and the Ethiopians possess neither iron nor any other thing suitable for such purposes...
Ethiopia
80 39.63485693340425,8.620916482687358,0 Aelas ...comes to an end at this point in the Roman domain. And there is a city called Aelas [modern Aqaba] on its shore, where the sea comes to an end, as I have said, and...
Aelas
80 35.82274,33.50343,0 Arabia .... . .The Arabs brought every year a thousand talents of frankincense. . . . Arabia is the last of inhabited lands towards the south, and it is the only country...
Arabia
78 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia Felix ...the borders of present Jordan, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia]. Above these people is Arabia Felix, stretching out 12,000 stadia towards the south to the Atlantic Sea. The first...
Arabia Felix
80 35.25,29.25,0 Arabia ...afterwards carried from Arabia into other countries. Concerning the spices of Arabia let no more be said. The whole country is scented with them, and exhales an...
Arabia
80 45.5,29.5,0 Negra ...sixty days, in which, on his first journey, he had consumed six months. From Negra he conducted his army in eleven days to Myus Hormus; thence across the country...
Negra
79 Al-Qunfudhah ...was fought, and thence in eleven days he came to the "Seven Wells" [modern Al-Qunfudhah], as the place is called from the fact of their existing there. Thence he...
Al-Qunfudhah
77 Yemen ...Carna or Carnana. Next to these are the Sabaeans, whose chief city is Mariaba [Yemen proper, about the capital San'a]. The third nation are the Cattabaneis...
Yemen
81 47.59909891249556,15.901461406766474,0 Yemen ...to the nation of the Rhammanitae, who were subjects of Ilasarus [in modern Yemen, east of modern San'a]. He assaulted and besieged it for six days, but raised...
Yemen
77 47.59909891249556,15.901461406766474,0 Arabia ...point as far as the shore and the city of Aelas has received the name of the Arabian Gulf, inasmuch as the country which extends from here to the limits of the...
Arabia
79 45.5,29.5,0 Syria ...before the Romans became masters of it, but at present both they and the Syrians are subject to the Romans. The capital of the Nabataeans is called Petra. It...
Syria
75 37.5,37.5,0 Jeddah ...came to Chaalla a village, and then to another called Malothas [perhaps modern Jeddah], situated on a river. This road then lay through a desert country, which had...
Jeddah
81 39.19797,21.54238,0 Ethiopia ...west of the Euphrates]. The extreme parts towards the south, and opposite to Ethiopia, are watered by summer showers, and are sowed twice, like the land in India...
Ethiopia
79 39.63485693340425,8.620916482687358,0 Ethiopia ...for he observed that Troglodytica, which is contiguous to Egypt, bordered upon Ethiopia; and that the Arabian Gulf was extremely narrow where it separates the Arabians...
Ethiopia
81 39.63485693340425,8.620916482687358,0 Mesopotamia ...of perfumes and deliver them to others, who convey them as far as Syria and Mesopotamia. When the carriers become drowsy by the odor of the aromatics, the drowsiness...
Mesopotamia
78 37.5,37.5,0 Mariaba ...city is Carna or Carnana. Next to these are the Sabaeans, whose chief city is Mariaba [Yemen proper, about the capital San'a]. The third nation are the Cattabaneis...
Mariaba
80 45.35,15.416667,0 Carnana ...the Minaei the part towards the Red Sea, whose largest city is Carna or Carnana. Next to these are the Sabaeans, whose chief city is Mariaba [Yemen proper...
Carnana
74 Al-Lith ...axe. Immediately afterwards he took the city called Asca [probably modern Al-Lith], which had been abandoned by the king. He thence came to a city Athrula...
Al-Lith
76 Debae ...he came belonged to the nomads, and was in great part a complete desert [the Debae]. It was called Ararene. The king of the country was Sabos. Gallus spent fifty...
Debae
79 Leuce-Come ...the winter there, for the recovery of the sick. Merchandise is conveyed from Leuce-Come-to Petra, thence to Rhinocolura [modern Al-Arish] in Phoenicia, near Egypt...
Leuce-Come
79 35.1853555,28.059202,0 Abha ...which had been abandoned by the king. He thence came to a city Athrula [modern Abha?], and took it without resistance; having placed a garrison there, and...
Abha
81 42.50528,18.21639,0 Negrani ...passing through this territory, for want of roads, and came to a city of the Negrani [probably Mecca], and to a fertile country peacefully disposed. The king had...
Negrani
79 39.8262,21.42249,0 Nile ...called Arsinoë, and near Heroöpolis] near the old canal which leads from the Nile. When he discovered his mistake, he constructed a hundred and thirty vessels of...
Nile
79 30.567329633333333,19.211408766666665,0 Egypt ...Their houses, in the mode of binding the timbers together, are like those in Egypt. The four countries comprise a greater territory than the Delta of Egypt. The...
Egypt
79 30.567329633333333,19.211408766666665,0 Egypt ...those of Ethiopia, for he observed that Troglodytica, which is contiguous to Egypt, bordered upon Ethiopia; and that the Arabian Gulf was extremely narrow where...
Egypt
79 30.567329633333333,19.211408766666665,0 Medina ...to nomads, who live by their camels [the modern Hejaz, opposite Mecca and Medina]. They fight from their backs; they travel upon them, and subsist on their milk...
Medina
76 39.61417,24.46861,0 Arabia Felix ...conducted by Aelius Gallus, the governor of Egypt, against the country called Arabia Felix, of which Sabos was king. At first Aelius encountered no one, yet he did not...
Arabia Felix
80 35.25,29.25,0 Nabataeans ...of Romans and allies, among whom were five hundred Jews and a thousand Nabataeans, under the command of Syllaeus. After enduring great hardships and distress, he...
Nabataeans
73 33.25,29.25,0 Nabataeans ...with inlaid ivory, gold, silver, and precious stones. . . XVI.iv.21. The Nabataeans and Sabaeans, situated above Syria, are the first people who occupy Arabia...
Nabataeans
75 33.25,29.25,0 Palestine ...there, and he was appointed by the emperor captain over the Saracens in Palestine. And he guarded the land from plunder constantly, for both to the barbarians...
Palestine
74 35.238333,31.928333,0 Arabia ...the Romans, and, I believe, the only ones, to traverse so much of this part of Arabia for the purpose of making war. . .
Arabia
81 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...Geography, Book XVI, Chap. iv, 1-4, 18-19, 21-26, c. 22 CE Book XVI.iv.1: Arabia commences on the side of Babylonia with Maecene [modern Kuwait]. In front of...
Arabia
76 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...to Gaza, as we have before described it. The Gerrhaei [who dwelt along the Arabian side of the Persian Gulf, between what is now Kuwait and Qatar] arrive in...
Arabia
77 45.5,29.5,0 Maecene ...21-26, c. 22 CE Book XVI.iv.1: Arabia commences on the side of Babylonia with Maecene [modern Kuwait]. In front of this district, on one side lies the desert of the...
Maecene
80 47.61603655101187,29.346009519498136,0 Palestine ...of the Wars, c. 550 CE Book I.xix.1-16, 23-26; xx.1-13: The boundaries of Palestine extend toward the east to the sea which is called the Red Sea. Now this sea...
Palestine
76 35.20181979152305,31.91731647402893,0 India ...the east to the sea which is called the Red Sea. Now this sea, beginning at India, comes to an end at this point in the Roman domain. And there is a city called...
India
78 79.61702627978634,23.01035740062025,0 Petrae ...since the king of the Arabs had his palace in early times in the city of Petrae. Now the harbor of the Omeritae from they are accustomed to put to sea for the...
Petrae
75 23.03278,45.86475,0 Euphrates ...by Arabian Scenitae, who breed camels [in the area just to the west of the Euphrates]. The extreme parts towards the south, and opposite to Ethiopia, are watered by...
Euphrates
77 40.93640094444444,34.74942377777777,0 Syria ...stadia towards the south to the Atlantic Sea. The first people, next after the Syrians and Jews, who occupy this country are husbandmen. These people are succeeded...
Syria
81 37.5,37.5,0 Syria ...the loads of perfumes and deliver them to others, who convey them as far as Syria and Mesopotamia. When the carriers become drowsy by the odor of the aromatics...
Syria
78 37.5,37.5,0 Yemen ...to the nation of the Rhammanitae, who were subjects of Ilasarus [in modern Yemen, east of modern San'a]. He assaulted and besieged it for six days, but raised...
Yemen
77 47.59909891249556,15.901461406766474,0 Obodus ...as far as Egra [modern Yanbu] a village. It belongs to the territory of Obodus, and is situated upon the sea. He accomplished on his return the whole distance...
Obodus
74 Petra ...promontory [modern Ras Muhammad, near Sharm-el-shaykh], which extends towards Petra, of the Arabians called Nabataei [in modern Jordan, about halfway between Aqaba...
Petra
80 3.11312,39.61351,0 Ethiopia .... . . *** Having given this account of the Troglodytae and of the neighboring Ethiopians, Artemidorus returns to the Arabians. Beginning from Poseidium [about...
Ethiopia
80 39.63485693340425,8.620916482687358,0 Yemen ...discovered that a number of the Omeritae on the opposite mainland [modern Yemen] were oppressing the Christians there outrageously; many of these rascals were...
Yemen
76 47.59909891249556,15.901461406766474,0 India ...yet some writers say, that the greater part (of the cassia) is brought from India, and that the best frankincense is that from Persia. According to another...
India
78 77.5,22.5,0 Petra ...of public affairs. Athenodorus, a philosopher, and my friend, who had been to Petra, used to relate with surprise that he found many Romans and also many other...
Petra
80 3.11312,39.61351,0 Petra ...the Syrians are subject to the Romans. The capital of the Nabataeans is called Petra. It is situated on a spot which is surrounded and fortified by a smooth and...
Petra
81 3.11312,39.61351,0 Rhammanitae ...and dates he proceeded to a city Marsiaba, belonging to the nation of the Rhammanitae, who were subjects of Ilasarus [in modern Yemen, east of modern San'a]. He...
Rhammanitae
76 42.5,12.5,0 Thebaïs ...Hormus [modern Bãr Safajah],, it is then conveyed on camels to Coptus of the Thebaïs, situated on a canal of the Nile, and Alexandria. Gallus, setting out again...
Thebaïs
79 32.5,27.5,0 Egra ...lay through a desert country, which had only a few watering-places, as far as Egra [modern Yanbu] a village. It belongs to the territory of Obodus, and is...
Egra
80 Yanbu ...a desert country, which had only a few watering-places, as far as Egra [modern Yanbu] a village. It belongs to the territory of Obodus, and is situated upon the...
Yanbu
81 38.06374,24.08912,0 Troglodytica ...but this computation is too great. The part opposite to Troglodyticae [The Troglodyticae extended along the western side of the Red Sea, from about the 26th degree of...
Troglodytica
77 35.47517,23.91052,0 Carna ...Yemen]; namely, the Minaei the part towards the Red Sea, whose largest city is Carna or Carnana. Next to these are the Sabaeans, whose chief city is Mariaba [Yemen...
Carna
81 -106.45725,35.06394,0 Leuce-Come ...of Syllaeus, who insisted that there was no road for an army by land to Leuce-Come, to which and from which place the camel traders travel with ease and in safety...
Leuce-Come
74 35.1853555,28.059202,0 Alexandria ...other nations. But at present the greater part is transported by the Nile to Alexandria. It is brought down from Arabia and India to Myus Hormus [modern Bãr Safajah]...
Alexandria
79 29.904133,31.195371,0 Nile ...City], situated in that recess of the Arabian Gulf which is on the side of the Nile, to Babylon, towards Petra of the Nabataei, are 5600 stadia. The whole tract...
Nile
81 30.567329633333333,19.211408766666665,0 India ...the Persians; for he purposed that the Ethiopians, by purchasing silk from India and selling it among the Romans, might themselves gain much money, while cause...
India
77 77.5,22.5,0 Red Sea ...boundaries of Palestine extend toward the east to the sea which is called the Red Sea. Now this sea, beginning at India, comes to an end at this point in the Roman...
Red Sea
80 33.49379344293234,25.174868283704413,0 Myus Hormus ...he had consumed six months. From Negra he conducted his army in eleven days to Myus Hormus; thence across the country to Coptus, and arrived at Alexandria with so much of...
Myus Hormus
81 Red Sea ...one sails into the sea from there [i.e., sailing Southwest, from Aqaba to the Red Sea], the Egyptian mountains lie on the right, extending toward the south; on the...
Red Sea
80 35.70623189119271,19.619105621838678,0 Arabia ...navigated by vessels, extending about 1000 stadia [modern Madyan in Saudi Arabia]. It has few harbors and anchorages, for a rugged and lofty mountain stretches...
Arabia
76 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...Ras Muhammad, near Sharm-el-shaykh], which extends towards Petra, of the Arabians called Nabataei [in modern Jordan, about halfway between Aqaba and the Dead...
Arabia
75 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...the Troglodytae and of the neighboring Ethiopians, Artemidorus returns to the Arabians. Beginning from Poseidium [about twenty-five miles South-Southeast of modern...
Arabia
80 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...in Chatramotitis in forty days. The part of the Arabian Gulf along the side of Arabia, if we reckon from the recess of the Aelanitic bay, is, according to the...
Arabia
81 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...are the Cattabaneis, extending to the straits and the passage across the Arabian Gulf [the area about modern Aden]. Their royal seat is called Tamna. The...
Arabia
75 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...Nabataeans and Sabaeans, situated above Syria, are the first people who occupy Arabia Felix. They were frequently in the habit of overrunning this country before the...
Arabia
81 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...in perfect harmony. XVI.iv.22. The late expedition of the Romans against the Arabians, under the command of Aelius Gallus, has made us acquainted with many...
Arabia
79 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...that from Persia. According to another partition of the country, the whole of Arabia Felix is divided into five kingdoms (or portions), one of which comprises the...
Arabia
80 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...in their language Orotal, and Urania, Alilat. . . .There is a great river in Arabia, called the Corys, which empties itself into the Erythraean sea. The Arabian...
Arabia
79 45.5,29.5,0 Petra ...place the camel traders travel with ease and in safety from Petra, and back to Petra, with so large a body of men and camels as to differ in no respect from an...
Petra
81 3.11312,39.61351,0 Ethiopia ...of his passage (across the Arabian Gulf). For he appears to have subdued first Ethiopia and Troglodytica, and afterwards to have passed over into Arabia. He then...
Ethiopia
81 39.63485693340425,8.620916482687358,0 Arabian Gulf ...point as far as the shore and the city of Aelas has received the name of the Arabian Gulf, inasmuch as the country which extends from here to the limits of the city of...
Arabian Gulf
79 50.9999999,27.0000001,0 Marsiaba ...provisions for the march, consisting of grain and dates he proceeded to a city Marsiaba, belonging to the nation of the Rhammanitae, who were subjects of Ilasarus [in...
Marsiaba
81 Leuce-Come ...on a canal of the Nile, and Alexandria. Gallus, setting out again from Leuce-Come on his return with his army, and through the treachery of his guide, traversed...
Leuce-Come
73 35.1853555,28.059202,0 Arabia ...conducted by Aelius Gallus, the governor of Egypt, against the country called Arabia Felix, of which Sabos was king. At first Aelius encountered no one, yet he did...
Arabia
80 45.5,29.5,0 Egypt ...its beginning and its end. It was conducted by Aelius Gallus, the governor of Egypt, against the country called Arabia Felix, of which Sabos was king. At first...
Egypt
80 29.880796169773134,26.4902014068366,0 Arabia Felix ...that from Persia. According to another partition of the country, the whole of Arabia Felix is divided into five kingdoms (or portions), one of which comprises the...
Arabia Felix
80 35.25,29.25,0 Mariaba ...the drowsiness is removed by the fumes of asphalt and of oat's beard. Mariaba, the capital of the Sabaeans [the same as Saba], is situated upon a mountain...
Mariaba
72 45.35,15.416667,0 Syria ...precious stones. . . XVI.iv.21. The Nabataeans and Sabaeans, situated above Syria, are the first people who occupy Arabia Felix. They were frequently in the...
Syria
78 37.5,37.5,0 Negrana ...him, he had time to take another route back; for he arrived in nine days at Negrana [near modern Sa'dah?], where the battle was fought, and thence in eleven days...
Negrana
78 Asca ...wielded a double-edged axe. Immediately afterwards he took the city called Asca [probably modern Al-Lith], which had been abandoned by the king. He thence came...
Asca
77 Rome ...Syllaeus, the author of these disasters, was punished for his treachery at Rome. He affected friendship, but he was convicted of other offences, besides...
Rome
77 12.4843457,41.89262,0 Iotabe ...the land on both sides is visible as one sails in as far as the island called Iotabe, not less than one thousand stades distant from the city of Aelas. On this...
Iotabe
80 34.75,29.25,0 Arabian Gulf ...point as far as the shore and the city of Aelas has received the name of the Arabian Gulf, inasmuch as the country which extends from here to the limits of the city of...
Arabian Gulf
79 50.9999999,27.0000001,0 Ararene ...the nomads, and was in great part a complete desert [the Debae]. It was called Ararene. The king of the country was Sabos. Gallus spent fifty days in passing through...
Ararene
81 42.5,17.5,0 Troglodytica ...stadia in extent; but this computation is too great. The part opposite to Troglodyticae [The Troglodyticae extended along the western side of the Red Sea, from about...
Troglodytica
76 35.47517,23.91052,0 Nile ...these tribes, whose primary origin is derived from the cataracts of the Nile and the borders of the Blemmyae, all the men are warriors of equal rank; half...
Nile
74 30.567329633333333,19.211408766666665,0 33.44581821543297,18.343219862417484,0 Euphrates ...are the marshes opposite to the Chaldeans, formed by the overflowing of the Euphrates, and in another direction is the Sea of Persia. This country has an unhealthy...
Euphrates
78 40.93640094444444,34.74942377777777,0 Sabata ...of these nations towards the east [in modern Hadramawt]. Their city is Sabata. XVI.iv.3. All these cities are governed by one monarch, and are flourishing...
Sabata
73 Coptus ...conducted his army in eleven days to Myus Hormus; thence across the country to Coptus, and arrived at Alexandria with so much of his army as could be saved. The...
Coptus
81 Leuce-Come ...to declare himself master of the whole country. Gallus, however, arrived at Leuce-Come, with the army laboring under stomacacce and scelotyrbe, diseases of the...
Leuce-Come
78 35.1853555,28.059202,0 Egypt ...inhabit this country. Here it is said is a pillar of Sesostris the Egyptian, on which is inscribed, in hieroglyphics, an account of his passage (across...
Egypt
69 30.567329633333333,19.211408766666665,0 Egypt ...carried on a piratical warfare in rafts against vessels on their way from Egypt. But they suffered reprisals, when an armament was sent out against them, which...
Egypt
76 30.567329633333333,19.211408766666665,0 Troglodytica ...(across the Arabian Gulf). For he appears to have subdued first Ethiopia and Troglodytica, and afterwards to have passed over into Arabia. He then overran the whole of...
Troglodytica
79 35.47517,23.91052,0 Egypt ...Petra, thence to Rhinocolura [modern Al-Arish] in Phoenicia, near Egypt, and thence to other nations. But at present the greater part is transported by...
Egypt
69 30.567329633333333,19.211408766666665,0 Arabia ...the Arabians return and collect the cinnamon, which is afterwards carried from Arabia into other countries. Concerning the spices of Arabia let no more be said. The...
Arabia
81 45.5,29.5,0 Aelas ...called Iotabe, not less than one thousand stades distant from the city of Aelas. On this island Hebrews had lived from of old in autonomy, but in the reign of...
Aelas
76 35.82274,33.50343,0 Yemen ...country of the Sabaei, a very populous nation, is contiguous [most of modern Yemen], and is the most fertile of all, producing myrrh, frankincense, and cinnamon...
Yemen
79 47.59909891249556,15.901461406766474,0 Yemen ...nations inhabit the extremity of the above-mentioned country [i.e., modern Yemen]; namely, the Minaei the part towards the Red Sea, whose largest city is Carna...
Yemen
77 47.59909891249556,15.901461406766474,0 Sabos ...desert [the Debae]. It was called Ararene. The king of the country was Sabos. Gallus spent fifty days in passing through this territory, for want of roads...
Sabos
73 38.677369,39.069531,0 India ...the Persian merchants always locate themselves at the very harbors where the Indian ships first put in (since they inhabit the adjoining country), and are...
India
79 77.5,22.5,0 Arabia ...first Ethiopia and Troglodytica, and afterwards to have passed over into Arabia. He then overran the whole of Asia. Hence in many places there are dykes called...
Arabia
75 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...on which is inscribed, in hieroglyphics, an account of his passage (across the Arabian Gulf). For he appears to have subdued first Ethiopia and Troglodytica, and...
Arabia
81 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...from Aelana [i.e., modern Aqaba]. Aelana is a city on the other recess of the Arabian Gulf, which is called Aelanites, opposite to Gaza, as we have before described...
Arabia
80 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...the borders of present Jordan, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia]. Above these people is Arabia Felix, stretching out 12,000 stadia towards the south to the Atlantic Sea. The...
Arabia
80 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...from the Troglodytae. It was his intention either to conciliate or subdue the Arabians. He was also influenced by the report which had prevailed from all time, that...
Arabia
80 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...greater part is transported by the Nile to Alexandria. It is brought down from Arabia and India to Myus Hormus [modern Bãr Safajah],, it is then conveyed on camels...
Arabia
81 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...affairs, and especially to those relative to war (as is the custom with all Arabian kings), but placed everything in the power of Syllaeus the minister. His whole...
Arabia
78 45.5,29.5,0 Rome Dio Cassius: History of Rome, Book LIII.xxix.3-8., c. 220 CE For 23 B.C.: While this was going on, another...
Rome
25 12.4843457,41.89262,0 Arabians ...and that the Arabian Gulf was extremely narrow where it separates the Arabians from the Troglodytae. It was his intention either to conciliate or subdue the...
Arabians
72 45.5,29.5,0 Arabians ...in perfect harmony. XVI.iv.22. The late expedition of the Romans against the Arabians, under the command of Aelius Gallus, has made us acquainted with many...
Arabians
79 45.5,29.5,0 Ethiopia ...side of it. . . . At about the time of this war Ellesthaeus, the king of the Ethiopians, who was a Christian and a most devoted adherent of this faith, discovered...
Ethiopia
79 39.63485693340425,8.620916482687358,0 Persia ...the cassia) is brought from India, and that the best frankincense is that from Persia. According to another partition of the country, the whole of Arabia Felix is...
Persia
81 Nile ...then conveyed on camels to Coptus of the Thebaïs, situated on a canal of the Nile, and Alexandria. Gallus, setting out again from Leuce-Come on his return with...
Nile
79 30.567329633333333,19.211408766666665,0 Medina ...a march of many days, therefore, he came to the territory of Aretas [modern Medina?], who was related to Obodas. Aretas received him in a friendly manner, and...
Medina
78 39.61417,24.46861,0 Mecca ...this territory, for want of roads, and came to a city of the Negrani [probably Mecca], and to a fertile country peacefully disposed. The king had fled, and the city...
Mecca
81 39.8262,21.42249,0 Seven Wells ...where the battle was fought, and thence in eleven days he came to the "Seven Wells" [modern Al-Qunfudhah], as the place is called from the fact of their existing...
Seven Wells
73 Arabia Felix ...Nabataeans and Sabaeans, situated above Syria, are the first people who occupy Arabia Felix. They were frequently in the habit of overrunning this country before the...
Arabia Felix
81 35.25,29.25,0 Ethiopia ...of the Omeritae from they are accustomed to put to sea for the voyage to Ethiopia is called Bulicas [modern Al-Hudaydah?]; and at the end of the sail across the...
Ethiopia
75 39.63485693340425,8.620916482687358,0 Ethiopia ...explore the nature of these places and their inhabitants, as well as those of Ethiopia, for he observed that Troglodytica, which is contiguous to Egypt, bordered upon...
Ethiopia
80 39.63485693340425,8.620916482687358,0 Nabataeans ...on the expedition. But he was deceived by Syllaeus, the king's minister of the Nabataeans, who had promised to be his guide on march, and to assist him in the execution...
Nabataeans
81 33.25,29.25,0 Nabataeans ...but it was proved that he had falsely accused his sister. XVI.iv.26. The Nabataeans are prudent, and fond of accumulating property. The community fine a person who...
Nabataeans
75 33.25,29.25,0 Petra ...of the Arabian Gulf which is on the side of the Nile, to Babylon, towards Petra of the Nabataei, are 5600 stadia. The whole tract lies in the direction of the...
Petra
76 3.11312,39.61351,0 India ...is transported by the Nile to Alexandria. It is brought down from Arabia and India to Myus Hormus [modern Bãr Safajah],, it is then conveyed on camels to Coptus...
India
79 77.5,22.5,0 Nabataea ...Siculus III.41]. Next is the Aelanitic Gulf [modern Gulf of Aqaba] and Nabataea, a country well-peopled, and abounding in cattle. The islands which lie near...
Nabataea
73 37.5,32.5,0 Yemen ...Carna or Carnana. Next to these are the Sabaeans, whose chief city is Mariaba [Yemen proper, about the capital San'a]. The third nation are the Cattabaneis...
Yemen
81 47.59909891249556,15.901461406766474,0 Yemen ...nations inhabit the extremity of the above-mentioned country [i.e., modern Yemen]; namely, the Minaei the part towards the Red Sea, whose largest city is Carna...
Yemen
77 47.59909891249556,15.901461406766474,0 Syria ...the loads of perfumes and deliver them to others, who convey them as far as Syria and Mesopotamia. When the carriers become drowsy by the odor of the aromatics...
Syria
78 37.5,37.5,0 Gaza ...inasmuch as the country which extends from here to the limits of the city of Gaza used to be called in olden times Arabia, since the king of the Arabs had his...
Gaza
79 67.5,42.5,0 Yemen ...country of the Sabaei, a very populous nation, is contiguous [most of modern Yemen], and is the most fertile of all, producing myrrh, frankincense, and cinnamon...
Yemen
79 47.59909891249556,15.901461406766474,0 Maddeni ...desired that they should establish Caïsus, the fugitive, as captain over the Maddeni, and with a great army of their own people and of the Maddene Saracens make an...
Maddeni
79 Arsinoë ...less than eighty biremes and triremes and galleys at Cleopatris [also called Arsinoë, and near Heroöpolis] near the old canal which leads from the Nile. When he...
Arsinoë
79 30.8418,29.30995,0 Cleopatris ...built not less than eighty biremes and triremes and galleys at Cleopatris [also called Arsinoë, and near Heroöpolis] near the old canal which leads from...
Cleopatris
65 30.88054,27.78367,0 Aqaba ...gulf. And as one sails into the sea from there [i.e., sailing Southwest, from Aqaba to the Red Sea], the Egyptian mountains lie on the right, extending toward the...
Aqaba
80 35.00778,29.52667,0 Malothas ...a desert country, and came to Chaalla a village, and then to another called Malothas [perhaps modern Jeddah], situated on a river. This road then lay through a...
Malothas
78 Alexandria ...days to Myus Hormus; thence across the country to Coptus, and arrived at Alexandria with so much of his army as could be saved. The remainder he lost, not by the...
Alexandria
75 29.904133,31.195371,0 Gaza ...inasmuch as the country which extends from here to the limits of the city of Gaza used to be called in olden times Arabia, since the king of the Arabs had his...
Gaza
79 67.5,42.5,0 Ethiopia ...trade of dealing in aromatics, both the indigenous sort and those brought from Ethiopia; in order to procure them, they sail through the straits in vessels covered...
Ethiopia
81 39.63485693340425,8.620916482687358,0 Arabia ...from here to the limits of the city of Gaza used to be called in olden times Arabia, since the king of the Arabs had his palace in early times in the city of...
Arabia
79 45.5,29.5,0 Ethiopia ...are about 4500 stadia, in a direction more towards the east. The straits at Ethiopia are formed by a promontory called Deire [i.e., modern Bab-el-Mandeb]. There is...
Ethiopia
78 39.63485693340425,8.620916482687358,0 Petra ...and from which place the camel traders travel with ease and in safety from Petra, and back to Petra, with so large a body of men and camels as to differ in no...
Petra
77 3.11312,39.61351,0 Chaalla ...their existing there. Thence he marched through a desert country, and came to Chaalla a village, and then to another called Malothas [perhaps modern Jeddah]...
Chaalla
80 Arabia ...of modern Abu Zanimah] he first describes those who border upon the Arabian Gulf [Red Sea], and are opposite to the Troglodytae. He says that Poseidium is...
Arabia
71 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...now Kuwait and Qatar] arrive in Chatramotitis in forty days. The part of the Arabian Gulf along the side of Arabia, if we reckon from the recess of the Aelanitic...
Arabia
79 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...and that the Arabian Gulf was extremely narrow where it separates the Arabians from the Troglodytae. It was his intention either to conciliate or subdue the...
Arabia
72 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia ...war at a time when there was no war, nor any likely to occur at sea. For the Arabians, being mostly engaged in traffic and commerce, are not a very warlike people...
Arabia
79 45.5,29.5,0 Arabia Felix ...conducted by Aelius Gallus, the governor of Egypt, against the country called Arabia Felix, of which Sabos was king. At first Aelius encountered no one, yet he did not...
Arabia Felix
80 35.25,29.25,0 Egypt ...hang about every tree. They are of the same kind as the serpents that invade Egypt; and there is nothing but the smoke of the styrax which will drive them from...
Egypt
79 29.880796169773134,26.4902014068366,0 Petra ...for the recovery of the sick. Merchandise is conveyed from Leuce-Come-to Petra, thence to Rhinocolura [modern Al-Arish] in Phoenicia, near Egypt, and thence...
Petra
75 3.11312,39.61351,0 Ethiopia ...citizen who was engaged in the business of shipping in the city of Adulis in Ethiopia. When Ellesthaeus learned this, he was eager to punish Abramus together with...
Ethiopia
79 39.63485693340425,8.620916482687358,0 India ...Ethiopia, are watered by summer showers, and are sowed twice, like the land in India. Its rivers are exhausted in watering plains, and by running into lakes. The...
India
81 77.5,22.5,0 Bulicas ...from they are accustomed to put to sea for the voyage to Ethiopia is called Bulicas [modern Al-Hudaydah?]; and at the end of the sail across the sea they always...
Bulicas
78 42.948026,14.798024,0 Leuce-Come ...enduring great hardships and distress, he arrived on the fifteenth day at Leuce-Come [modern Hanak], a large mart in the territory of the Nabataeans, with the loss...
Leuce-Come
76 35.1853555,28.059202,0 Palestine ...wherever they happen to be. This coast immediately beyond the boundaries of Palestine is held by Saracens, who have been settled from of old in the Palm Groves...
Palestine
78 35.238333,31.928333,0 Red Sea ...for one who is caught. Such then is the description of the so-called Red Sea and of the land which lies on either side of it. . . . At about the time of...
Red Sea
71 35.70623189119271,19.619105621838678,0 Maecene ...21-26, c. 22 CE Book XVI.iv.1: Arabia commences on the side of Babylonia with Maecene [modern Kuwait]. In front of this district, on one side lies the desert of the...
Maecene
80 47.562804,30.8093425,0 Arabia ...is scented with them, and exhales an odor marvelously sweet. There are also in Arabia two kinds of sheep worthy of admiration, the like of which is nowhere else to...
Arabia
81 45.5,29.5,0 Yemen ...dwell in the land on the farther side of them on the shore of the sea [modern Yemen]. And beyond them many other nations are said to be settled as far as the...
Yemen
80 47.59909891249556,15.901461406766474,0 Maddeni ...people there are other Saracens in possession of the coast, who are called Maddeni [in modern Madyan] and who are subjects of the Omeritae. These Omeritae dwell...
Maddeni
77 Arabia ...from here to the limits of the city of Gaza used to be called in olden times Arabia, since the king of the Arabs had his palace in early times in the city of...
Arabia
79 45.5,29.5,0 Mesopotamia ...of perfumes and deliver them to others, who convey them as far as Syria and Mesopotamia. When the carriers become drowsy by the odor of the aromatics, the drowsiness...
Mesopotamia
78 37.5,37.5,0 Aretas ...camels. After a march of many days, therefore, he came to the territory of Aretas [modern Medina?], who was related to Obodas. Aretas received him in a friendly...
Aretas
77 39.61417,24.46861,0 Troglodytica ...and their inhabitants, as well as those of Ethiopia, for he observed that Troglodytica, which is contiguous to Egypt, bordered upon Ethiopia; and that the Arabian...
Troglodytica
76 35.47517,23.91052,0 Egypt ...in Egypt. The four countries comprise a greater territory than the Delta of Egypt. The son does not succeed the father in the throne, but the son who is born in...
Egypt
78 30.567329633333333,19.211408766666665,0 Egypt ...there are dykes called the dykes of Sesostris, and temples built in honor of Egyptian deities. . . . *** Having given this account of the Troglodytae and of the...
Egypt
79 30.567329633333333,19.211408766666665,0 Egypt ...burden, in which he embarked with about ten thousand infantry, collected from Egypt, consisting of Romans and allies, among whom were five hundred Jews and a...
Egypt
80 30.567329633333333,19.211408766666665,0 Babylonia ...iv, 1-4, 18-19, 21-26, c. 22 CE Book XVI.iv.1: Arabia commences on the side of Babylonia with Maecene [modern Kuwait]. In front of this district, on one side lies the...
Babylonia
81 44.5,32.5,0 India ...of Auxomis it is a journey of twelve days. All the boats which are found in India and on this sea are not made in the same manner as are other ships. For neither...
India
78 77.5,22.5,0 India ...be settled as far as the man-eating Saracens. Beyond these are the nations of India. For the sea which one traverses beyond this point as far as the shore and the...
India
80 77.5,22.5,0 Arabia ...the Romans, and, I believe, the only ones, to traverse so much of this part of Arabia for the purpose of making war. . .
Arabia
81 45.5,29.5,0 Aelas ...sea which one traverses beyond this point as far as the shore and the city of Aelas has received the name of the Arabian Gulf, inasmuch as the country which...
Aelas
80 Sea of Persia ...formed by the overflowing of the Euphrates, and in another direction is the Sea of Persia. This country has an unhealthy and cloudy atmosphere; it is subject to showers...
Sea of Persia
78 Sa'dah ...take another route back; for he arrived in nine days at Negrana [near modern Sa'dah?], where the battle was fought, and thence in eleven days he came to the "Seven...
Sa'dah
79 43.76393,16.94021,0 San'a ...are the Sabaeans, whose chief city is Mariaba [Yemen proper, about the capital San'a]. The third nation are the Cattabaneis, extending to the straits and the...
San'a
81 44.20667,15.35472,0 San'a ...Rhammanitae, who were subjects of Ilasarus [in modern Yemen, east of modern San'a]. He assaulted and besieged it for six days, but raised the siege in...
San'a
78 44.20667,15.35472,0 Athrula ...Al-Lith], which had been abandoned by the king. He thence came to a city Athrula [modern Abha?], and took it without resistance; having placed a garrison there...
Athrula
75 44.792983,15.995719,0 Alexandria ...on camels to Coptus of the Thebaïs, situated on a canal of the Nile, and Alexandria. Gallus, setting out again from Leuce-Come on his return with his army, and...
Alexandria
75 29.904133,31.195371,0 Coptus ...India to Myus Hormus [modern Bãr Safajah],, it is then conveyed on camels to Coptus of the Thebaïs, situated on a canal of the Nile, and Alexandria. Gallus...
Coptus
79 32.815787,25.996402,0 Nile ...thence to other nations. But at present the greater part is transported by the Nile to Alexandria. It is brought down from Arabia and India to Myus Hormus [modern...
Nile
81 30.567329633333333,19.211408766666665,0